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anatomy > Anatomy test 4 > Flashcards

Anatomy test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the body are part of the digestive tract?

A

oral cavity
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum/anus

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?

A

salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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3
Q

What is ingestion?

A

taking food in mouth

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4
Q

What is secretion in the digestive tract?

A

production and releasing mucin and fluids such as acid, bile and eyzymes

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5
Q

What is digestion in the digestive system?

A

breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules

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6
Q

What is absorption in the digestive system?

A

passive or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across GI tract epithelium and into the GI tract blood and lymph vessels

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7
Q

What is elimination in the digestive system?

A

Undigestible material is compacted into feces and then eliminated via defecation.

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8
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

physically break down ingested material into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Breaks down ingested material into smaller molecules using enzymes

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10
Q

What are abdominal organs supported by?

A

serous membranes that suspend organs

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11
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum do in the peritoneum?

A

lines body wall

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12
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum do in the peritoneum?

A

covers organs

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13
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity do in the peritoneum?

A

potential space where layers of peritoneum that face each other secrete lubricating fluid.

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14
Q

What is the deepest layer of GI tract?

A

Mucosa: divided into Epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

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15
Q

What is the next deepest layer in the GI tract after mucosa?

A

submucosa: loose connective tissue nerves, arteries, veins and lymphatics travel through this layer

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16
Q

What is the next deepest layer (3rd layer) in the GI tract after submucosa?

A

Muscularis: 2 or more layers of smooth muscle

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17
Q

What is the top layer in the GI tract?

A

Aventita/serosa: connective tissue that either connects to another organ or is part of the peritoneum

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18
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

Muscular, tubular passageway from pharynx to stomach

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19
Q

What is the hole called that food passes through the diaphragm?

A

Esophageal hiatus

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20
Q

What does mucus cell secrete?

A

mucin

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21
Q

what secretes mucin?

A

mucus cells

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22
Q

What do mucus cells do?

A

protection of epithelium from acidic secretions

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23
Q

What does Mucin do?

A

protection of epithelium from acidic secretions

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24
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

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25
Q

what does hydrochloric acid do?

A

denatures protein

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26
Q

What does intrinsic factor do?

A

helps bind vitamin B12

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27
Q

What secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

A

parietal cells

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28
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

enzymes

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29
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

digestion

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30
Q

what secretes enzymes?

A

chief cells

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31
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells do?

A

secrete gastrin

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32
Q

what does gastrin do?

A

hormone that stimulates secretion of other stomach cells

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33
Q

what secretes gastrin?

A

enteroendocrine cells

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34
Q

How is the stomach arranged?

A

into gastric pits with glands located at various levels

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35
Q

What do we do in the small intestine?

A

finish chemical digestion
absorb 90% of nutrients and water from GI tract
Blood supply is superior mesenteric artery

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36
Q

What is/do the duodenum?

A

first part of small intestine: C shaped region around pancreas
-receives bile and pancreatic juices

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37
Q

What is/do the jejunum?

A

middle region of small intestine
primary region of chemical digestion and absorption

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38
Q

What is/do the ileum?

A

distal region of small intestine
terminates at ileocecal valve (sphincter that controls entrance into large intestine)

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39
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, junenum, ileum

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40
Q

Where are circular folds and what do they do?

A

form from mucosa and submucosa
increase surface area and slow down food

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41
Q

Where are villi and what do they do?

A

project from the mucosa to increase surface area

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42
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

absorbs most of the water from digested material to turn into feces
large refers to diameter

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43
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply blood too for Large intestine?

A

from cecum to first 2/3 of transverse colon

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44
Q

What part of the large intestine does the inferior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to sigmoid colon

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45
Q

What are the parts of the oral cavity?

A

lips, cheeks, palate, tongue, salivary glands

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46
Q

What do the cheeks form and contain?

A

form lateral walls of oral cavity and contain buccinator muscles.

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47
Q

What do the lips form and what are it’s properties?

A

Form anterior wall, red from superficial blood vessels, and has reduced keratin

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48
Q

What does the palate form and separate?

A

forms superior boundary, separates nasal cavity
anterior 2/3 hard and bony
posterior 1/3 soft and muscular

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49
Q

What is the tongue made up of?

A

Formed from skeletal muscle and covered with stratified squamous epithelium, papillae with taste buds cover surface.

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50
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

moisten food
cleans, lubricates and moistens oral cavity structures
contains amylase: breaks down food
contains lysozyme inhibit bacteria growth
dissolves tastants and food so that taste receptors can be stimulated

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51
Q

What do serous cells secrete?

A

watery fluid with ions, lysozyme and salivary amylase

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52
Q

Secretion of serous cells and mucous cells are part of what division of ANS?

A

parasympathetic

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53
Q

What does the pharyngeal constrictor muscle do?

A

contract sequentially pushing material down towards esophagus

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54
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

filter blood and produce bile

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55
Q

what does the porta hepatis do in the liver?

A

area where blood vessels and bile ducts enter and leave liver

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56
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

liver cells

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57
Q

What are hepatocytes arranged into in the liver?

A

hepatic lobules

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58
Q

what is at the periphery of each hepatic lobule in the liver?

A

portal triad with artery, vein and bile duct

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59
Q

What do hepatocytes do in the liver?

A

produce bile/secrete into bile duct.
detoxify drugs, metabolites, and poisons.
store excess nutrients and vitamins and release when needed.
synthesize blood plasma proteins such as albumins, globulins, and proteins required for clotting.

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60
Q

What are the branches of the hepatic portal vein doing in the portal triad of the liver?

A

carries blood from GI tract to liver
rich in nutrients and other absorbed substances
relatively poor in oxygen

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61
Q

What are the branches of the hepatic artery doing in the portal triad of the liver?

A

branch of celiac artery
carries oxygen-rich blood to capillary beds in liver, which then leaves as venous blood

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62
Q

What are the branches of the bile duct doing in the portal triad of the liver?

A

bile breaks down fats and produced by hepatocytes (green in color)
released to duodenum via common bile duct.

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63
Q

Where is the gallbladder and what does it have?

A

attached to inferior aspect of liver
saclike organ that concentrates and stores bile
connected to common bile duct via cystic duct
sphincter valve controls flow of bile into and out of gallbladder

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64
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas and where is it situated?

A

parts: head, body and tail
head is cupped by duodenum

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65
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate = pancreatic juice
secretes pancreatic juice into main pancreatic duct, which drains into (major duodenal papilla in) duodenum.

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66
Q

What does the major duodenal papilla do?

A

Both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty into duodenum through major duodenal papilla

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67
Q

What does the urinary system include?

A

kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra

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68
Q

What are the three functions of the urinary system?

A

homeostasis, eliminate waste, maintain concentration of solutes in blood

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69
Q

where are the kidney’s located?

A

against posterior wall of abdomen, lateral to vertebral column, adrenal glands on top of each kidney

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70
Q

what is the superficial layer of the kidney called?

A

renal cortex

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71
Q

What is the deep layer of the kidney called?

A

renal medulla

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72
Q

What is the three parts around the renal medulla?

A

renal pyramid: triangular bunch of medullary tissue that points towards renal pelvis
renal columns project inwards from cortex and separates pyramids
renal papilla: apex of pyramids

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73
Q

What is the drainage of urine through the kidney?

A

renal papilla to minor calyx, 2 minor calyces form major calyx, major calyces form renal pelvis

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74
Q

What does the renal corpuscle do?

A
  • filtration
    glomerulus= capillaries
    glomerular capsule: double layered epithelial structure with visceral and parietal layer
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75
Q

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do?

A

reabsorbs nutrients, proteins, ions, and water
MOST OF REABSORPTION HAPPENS HERE
microvilli help in reabsorption

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76
Q

What is the lope of Henle involved in?

A

water retention via creation of hypertonic urine (more solutes than water)

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77
Q

What does the descending limb of the loop of Henle do?

A

thin, reabsorbs water

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78
Q

what does the ascending limb in the loop of Henle do?

A

thick, reabsorption of ions

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79
Q

What does the distale tubule do?

A

some reabsorption of ions. acids, and toxins via active transport

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80
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

sensory structure that uses feedback to regulate blood flow (part of distal tubule)

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81
Q

What does the macula dense do in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

thick spot of cells that monitor ion concentration in urine

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82
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular cells do in the uxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

surround arterioles and contract/dilate in response to hormones to control blood flow

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83
Q

What can juxtaglomerular cells release?

A

renin: enzyme that regulates blood pressure
erythropoietin: hormone that regulates red blood cell production which affects blood volume and pressure

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84
Q

What are the parts of the collecting system in the kidney?

A

connecting tubules, collecting duct
- ADH controls permeability of collecting ducts to water and fine tune concentration of urine exiting the collecting duct system.

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85
Q

what are the Ureters function and placement?

A

smooth muscle tubes enabling peristaltic contractions to propel urine
extend inferiorly from renal pelvis of kidney to bladder

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86
Q

What is the function and placement of the urinary bladder?

A

hollow muscular organ, just posterior to public symphysis
just anterior to either rectum or uterus

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87
Q

What are the different parts of the urinary bladder?

A

detrusor muscle, rugae, trigone, neck of urinary bladder

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88
Q

What does the detrusor muscle do in the urinary bladder?

A

smooth muscle in walls of bladder, expels urine upon contraction

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89
Q

What does Rugae do in urinary bladder?

A

Folds of mucosa in inner lining of bladder, disappear as bladder stretches

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90
Q

What does trigone do in urinary bladder?

A

triangular area whose vertices are ureteral orifices and entrance to urethra

91
Q

What does the neck of urinary bladder do?

A

region surrounding urethral opening

92
Q

Where is the urethra?

A

extends from neck of urinary bladder to exterior (external urethral orifice)
shorter in females than males

93
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter do?

A

smooth muscle, provides involuntary control at point where urine eaves bladder to enter urethra

94
Q

What does the external urethral sphincter do?

A

skeletal muscle, voluntary control via resting muscle tone and relaxation

95
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

release hormones into the blood

96
Q

what do hormones do?

A

chemical messengers that change metabolic activity of another cell

97
Q

what are cells with receptors called?

A

target cells/target organs

98
Q

What are protein (peptide) hormones made from?

A

formed from chains of amino acids?

99
Q

What is an example of a peptide hormone?

A

Growth hormone

100
Q

What kind of hormone is formed from chains of amino acids?

A

protein (peptide) hormone

101
Q

What are biogenic amines (amino acid derivatives) made from?

A

formed by altering the structure of a specific amino acid

102
Q

What is an example of a biogenic amines (amino acid derivative) hormone?

A

thyroid hormones

103
Q

What hormone is formed by altering the structure of a specific amino acid?

A

biogenic amines (amino acid derivatives)

104
Q

What makes up a steroid hormone?

A

type of lipid dervided from cholesterol

105
Q

What is an example of a steroid hormone?

A

estrogen, testosterone, cortisol

106
Q

What type of hormone are estrogen, testosterone, cortisol an example of?

A

steroid hormone

107
Q

What type of hormone is derived from cholesterol and is lipid based?

A

steroid

108
Q

What do the nervous and endocrine system have in common?

A

work together to regulate homeostasis
both affect specific target cells using chemical messengers

109
Q

What makes the nervous system unique compared to the endocrine system?

A

uses nerve impulses along axons to reach target
paid response to stimulus
localized, specific effects
response lasts a short time

110
Q

What makes the endocrine system unique compared to the nervous system?

A

uses hormones that are transported via blood to target
relative slow response
widespread effects
response lasts longer time

111
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

presence of hormone causes decrease in its own secretion

112
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

presence of hormone causes increase in its own secretion

113
Q

What are the three ways the hypothalamus regulates the endocrine system?

A

signal to anterior pituitary
signal to posterior pituitary
direct stimulation of adrenal cortex

114
Q

Where is the pituitary located?

A

in Sella turcica of sphenoid bone

115
Q

How are the pituitary glands connected to the hypothalamus?

A

through infundibulum

116
Q

What does the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) gland do?

A

secretes two hormones

117
Q

What does the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) do?

A

extensive vascular network
secretes seven hormones in response to regulatory hormones secreted by hypothalamus

118
Q

What are the seven anterior pituitary hormones it secretes?

A

Thyroid stimulating (TSH)
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
Luteinizing (LH)
prolactin (PRL)
Growth (GH)
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)

119
Q

What are the steps for the anterior pituitary gland?

A
  1. Hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones
  2. regulatory hormone stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete seven different hormones
120
Q

What are the steps for the posterior pituitary gland?

A
  1. neurons from hypothalamus stimulates cells in posterior pituitary
  2. Posterior releases vasopressin and oxytocin
121
Q

What are the two hormones associated with the posterior pituitary gland and what do they do?

A

Vasopressin: restricts water loss in kidneys
Oxytocin: involved in uterine contraction during birth, sexual response, milk ejection reflex

122
Q

What does the thyroid gland look like?

A

Butterfly shaped anterior to trachea, extensive blood supply

Two lobes connected by an isthmus

123
Q

How does the thyroid gland work?

A
  1. Hypothalamus releases regulatory hormone to anterior pituitary
  2. Anterior pituitary gland releases thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  3. TSH stimulates thyroid to release T3 and T4 thyroid hormones
124
Q

What lines thyroid follicles?

A

follicular cells

125
Q

What do parafollicular cells release?

A

calcitonin

126
Q

What do follicular cells secrete?

A

T3 and T4 which…
influences metabolic rate and protein synthesis
and is a wide spread target (gut, heart)

127
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

four small glands located on posterior aspect of thyroid gland

128
Q

How does the parathyroid gland work?

A
  1. Low blood calcium
  2. stimulates chief cells in parathyroid glands to release parathyroid hormone
  3. targets: increased osteoclast activity and decrease kidney activity to retain calcium
129
Q

Where are the suprarenal glands located and what are their two parts?

A

attached to superior aspect of kidneys
divided into: suprarenal cortex (outside) and suprarenal medulla (inside)

130
Q

What does the suprarenal cortex secrete?

A

secretes corticosteroids such as mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

131
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do from the suprarenal cortex?

A

influnce electrolyte composition (ALDOSTERONE targets kidneys to control electrolytes)

132
Q

What do glucocorticoids do from the suprarenal cortex?

A

influence glucose metabolism (CORTSOL targets liver to covert glycogen to glucose)

133
Q

How does the suprarenal cortex work?

A
  1. Hypothalamus releases RH to anterior pituitary
  2. anterior pituitary releases adrenotropic hormone (ACTH)
  3. ACTH stimulates release of corticosteroids from adrenal gland
134
Q

What does suprarenal medulla secrete, innervate and resemble?

A

secrete: epinephrine and norepinephrine
innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers (axons)
Resemble: sympathetic ganglia

135
Q

How does suprarenal medulla work?

A
  1. Hypothalamus directly innervates suprarenal medulla with preganglionic sympathetic
  2. adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine to widespread targets
136
Q

What are the mixed glands in the pancreas?

A

exocrine: secretes digestive juices
endocrine: secretes hormones

137
Q

What do alpha cells produce in the pancreas?

A

glucagon to raise blood glucose by targeting liver to initiate glucogenesis

138
Q

What do beta cells produce in the pancreas?

A

produce insulin to decrease blood glucose by targeting liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue to increase uptake of glucose

139
Q

What do testis produce?

A

andorgens

140
Q

what do androgens from the testis do?

A

have widespread effect (testosterone)

141
Q

How do androgens in testis work?

A
  1. hypothalamus releases RH to anterior pituitary
  2. anterior pituitary releases luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  3. LH stimulates production of androgens and FSH stimulates development of sperm.
142
Q

what do follicle cells surround and produce?

A

surround oocytes and produce estrogen

143
Q

What happens to follicular cells after ovulation?

A

form corpus lutem which produces progesterone

144
Q

How does FSH work?

A
  1. hypothalamus releases RH to anterior pituitary
  2. Anterior pituitary releases follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  3. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion: growth of ovarian follicle, maturation of oocyte, growth of uterine lining
145
Q

How does luteinizing hormone work?

A
  1. Hypothalamus releases RH to anterior pituitary
  2. Anterior pituitary releases luteinizing hormone
  3. LH stimulates progesterone secretion by corpus luteum: lining of uterus shifts to secretory phase
146
Q

What happens in the ovary?

A

ova are produced and mature

147
Q

What happens in the uterine tube?

A

transports ova to uterus

148
Q

What does the uterus do?

A

potentially house developing fetus

149
Q

What does the vagina do?

A

copulation, passage of menses, birth canal

150
Q

What does the suspensory ligament attach?

A

walls of pelvic cavity

151
Q

What suspends the pelvic cavity?

A

suspensory ligament

152
Q

What connects ovary to uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

153
Q

What does the ovarian ligament connect?

A

uterus to ovary

154
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

flays of ovary: like wings

155
Q

What is the ovary surrounded by?

A

germinal epithelium and cortex

156
Q

What is the inner part of the ovary called and what does it do?

A

inner medulla: hoses ovarian follicles at different stages of development

157
Q

What does an ovarian follicle consist of?

A

oocyte (egg cell) and surrounding follicle cells

158
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

production of oocytes from oogonium

159
Q

What happens in the first stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular cells enlarge and increase in number; secrete estrogen

160
Q

What happens in the second stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular cells produce fluid, enlarge more

161
Q

What happens in the third stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular cells continue to grow, bulge from surface of ovary, produce cavity called antrum

162
Q

What happens in the fourth stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

ovulation: gamete released into peritoneal cavity

163
Q

What happens in the fifth stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular cells form scar-like formation called corpus luteum; secretes progesterone to support potential pregnancy

164
Q

What happens in the sixth stage of the ovarian cycle?

A

Corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans is no fertilization.

165
Q

What is the first place the ovum travels in the uterine tube?

A

fimbriae located on infundibulum guide to uterine tube

166
Q

What is the next place the ovum travels after the fimbriae?

A

ampulla: curved region where fertilization takes place

167
Q

Where does the ovum travel after the ampulla?

A

isthmus: narrow part of fallopian tube

168
Q

Where does the ovum go after the isthmus?

A

intramural part: within the walls of uterus

169
Q

What is the fundus of the uterus?

A

rounded part of superior uterotubal junction

170
Q

What is the main part of the uterus called?

A

body

171
Q

What is the narrow part of the uterus called>

A

isthmus

172
Q

What is the inferior part of the uterus called?

A

cervix

173
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium: inner layer
- basal layer: permanent part of endometrium
- functional layer: responsive to hormones and falls for period
Myometrium: muscular layer
Perimetrium: outer serosa (Connective tissue + S. S1. epithelium)

174
Q

What happens in the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

A

corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone. Endometrium sloughts away

175
Q

What happens in the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

A

Estrogen secreted by follicular cells leads to repair and regeneration of endometrium

176
Q

What happens in in the secretory phase (pregestational phase) of the uterine cycle?

A

begins at ovulation; under influence of progesterone; buildup of endometrium

177
Q

What cell type is the vagina lined with?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

178
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

round, hair-bearing elevation of skin anterior to pubis

179
Q

What is the labia majora?

A

bilateral folds, hairy cutaneous swellings extending posterior from the mons pubis

180
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

smaller, hairless folds bounding the vestibule

181
Q

What is the vestibule of the vulva?

A

smooth, triangular area bounded laterally by labia minora

182
Q

What are the parts of the clitoris?

A

shaft and two crura (homologous to corpus cavernosum of penis)

183
Q

what do the greater vestibular glands do?

A

secretes mucus into vestibule during arousal

184
Q

Where does the bulbs of the vestibule lie?

A

lie to either end of vestibule (homologous to root and corpus spongiosum of penis)

185
Q

What provides sensory input from genitals to CNS?

A

pudendal nerve

186
Q

What does the parasympathetic system innervate in female genital system?

A

relaxation of arterial smooth muscles in erectile bodies and secretion from greater vestibular glands/bulbourethral glands

186
Q

What is the somatic response for female orgasm?

A

rhythmic contraction of pelvic and perineal muscles

187
Q

What is the sympathetic response to female orgasm?

A

remission/detumescence: constriction of arterial vessels

188
Q

What happens in the testis?

A

sperm is produced

189
Q

What happens in the epididymis?

A

sperm matures

190
Q

What happens in the ductus deference?

A

sperm is transported to urethra

191
Q

What happens in the bulbourethral gland?

A

alkaline mucus-rich fluid is produced

192
Q

What happens in the prostate gland?

A

the enzyme rich component of semen is produced

193
Q

What happens in the seminal vesicle?

A

fructose-rich component of semen is produced

194
Q

What happens in the urethra?

A

semen is expelled

195
Q

Where are the testes located?

A

house in scrotum an divided into two compartments by septum

196
Q

What does the cremaster muscle do?

A

contracts to elevate testis and maintain optimal temperature for sperm development (3 degrees cooler than body temp)

197
Q

What are the three erectile bodies of the penis?

A

corpus spongiosum (urethra) and paired corpora cavernosa

198
Q

What are the three regions of the penis?

A

root, body, gland

199
Q

What is the medical term for foreskin?

A

prepuce

200
Q

What are the three parts of the urethra and where do they pass through?

A

Prostatic urethra: passes through prostate
membranous urethra: passes through perineal muscle
Penile urethra: passes through corpus spongiosum of penis

201
Q

what is cryptochidism?

A

failure for testes to descend

202
Q

Where do testis descend from?

A

abdominal cavity through inguinal canal into scrotum guided by gubernaculum.

203
Q

What does the spermatic cord consist of?

A

ducts deferens, fascia, testicular vessels nerves

204
Q

Where is the spermatic cord and what does it consist of?

A

extends from scrotum to inguinal canal
medial opening: superficial inguinal ring
deep inguinal ring is where ductus deference and testicular vessels enter abdomen

205
Q

What are the different parts of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules, straight tubule, rete testis, efferent ducts

206
Q

How do spermatogonia mature?

A

more mature=closer to lumen

207
Q

where and what are spermatogonium?

A

deep to blood-testis barrier, most immature

208
Q

What are spermatids?

A

in various stages of maturation, middle stage of development

209
Q

What are spermatozoa?

A

getting ready for spermination, final stage of development

210
Q

What are interstitial cells?

A

lies outside of connective tissue capsule; produces androgens in response to luteinizing hormones which begins process of spermatogenesis

211
Q

What are nerse cells?

A

provide physical support for maturing spermatogonium

212
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

site of maturation and storage for sperm

213
Q

What is the process of sperm through the epididymis?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. head of epidymis
  3. body of epidymis
  4. tail of epididymis,
  5. ductus deferences
  6. spermatic cord
214
Q

What does the head have of a sperm cell?

A

acrosomal cap
genetic material

215
Q

What does the body have in a sperm cell?

A

mitocondria

216
Q

What does the tail have in a sperm cell?

A

flagellum

217
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

production of spermatid from spermatogonia, occurs in seminiferous tubules, begins during development but dormant until sexual maturity

218
Q

What is the order of the development of sperm?

A

spermatogonium -> spermatid -> spermatozoa

219
Q

What two structures form the ejaculatory duct?

A

seminal vesicles and ampulla of ductus deference

220
Q

What do parasympathetics do in the male reproductive system?

A

relaxation of arterial smooth muscles in erectile bodies and secretion from greater vestibular glands/bulbourethral glands

221
Q

What is the male somatic response for orgasm?

A

rhythmic contraction of pelvic and perineal muscles

222
Q

What is the male sympathetic response for orgasms?

A

emission: peristalsis of ductus deferens delivers semen to the prostatic urethra
remission/detumescence: constriction of arterial vessels

anatomy (5 decks)

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