Exam 2 Flashcards
Assessments include
Clinical interview, Specific standardized measure administration, Self-report measures, Review of records, and Consultations with collateral sources
Assessments should be ___ and may be ___
Multi-method
multi-informant
Talented and gifted assessments should include
clinical interview w/ parent or child, clinical interview with teachers, behavioral observations, review of educational records, intellectual testing, and achievement testing
Intelligence test types
Wechsler, Stanford-binet, UNIT2
Wechsler Intelligence tests
Covers entire life span (6-90)
Separate tests, not variants of one another
One on one face to face
measures concept formation, reasoning, spatial processing, etc.
Wechsler pros
large sets of data, scores reflect IQ, used for wide range of clinical applications
Wechsler cons
very familiar to most clinical psychs, subtests may be culturally biased, limited connection b/t test and day to day life
Stanford-binet intelligence test
one on one face to face, hierarchical model of intelligence, backed by psychometric data, covers entire lifespan w/ 1 rest, features 5 factors to measure
Universal nonverbal intelligence test-2 (UNIT2)
language free test, one on one face to face, no verbal instructions, 8 specific hand gestures, 5-21
Neruopsych testing
measures cog functioning or impairment of the brain, fixed battery to flexible battery
Halstead-reitan neuropsych battery (HRB)
neruopsych battery, 8 standardized tests, 15 and up, only given as a whole
Objective personality tests are
Unambiguous, Objectively scored, Paper and pencil, Direct, brief statements or questions and either true/false or multiple choice response options
Projective personality tests are
Ambiguous stimuli, Open-ended range of client responses, Based on the assumption that clients reveal personalities by how they make sense of vaguely defined objects or situations
Objective tests
MMPI, PAI, MCMI, NEO-3, Beck Depression Inventory-ii
Projective tests
Rorschach Inkblot, TAT, Children’s and Senior’s Apperception tests, sentence completion tests, RISB
Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory-3 (MMPI)
most popular and psychometrically sound objective personality test, ten different clinical categories, validity scales that detect lies and exaggerations
Rorschach inkblot test
Created by Rorschach in 1921, weak reliability and validity data, results cant distinguish those who have a particulat disorder from those who don’t
Behavioral observation
identifies and defines target behavior with systematic observations
Efficacy
how it works in a controlled research setting. Maximizes internal validity, minimizes variability
Effectiveness
How it works in the real world. greater variability, lacks internal validity, but has greater external vALIDITY.
results of efficacy studies
its efficacious, and benefits endure over long periods
Results of effectiveness studies
very positive, treatments usually worked
Tripartite model by Hans Strupp
Looking at the client, therapist, and society to see if therapy is working
Working Alliance INventory
Measure that assesses clients perceprion of the theraputic alliance
What are SMART goals
Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time based
Dodo bird verdict
empirical outcomes of therapies show that competing therapie
model of common factors in theraoy
Support (client realtionship, trust)
Learning (new insights, new thought patterns)
Action (taking risks, facing fears)
Triad of evidence-based practice
Best scientific evidnence, clinical experience, patient preferences
Eclectic therapy
selecting the best treatment base on empirical literature
integrative therapy
blending techniques
Stages of change model
precontmplation stage, contemplaition stage, preparation stage, action stage, maintenance stage
APA code of ethics
published in 1953, 9 revisions, aspirational (prinicples) and enforceable (ethical standards)
APA ethics code
beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, respect for rights and dignity
Ethical standards
competence, human relations, privacy and condifentiality, advertising, record keeping and fees, education and training, research and publication, assessment, therapy
Celia Fisher’s ethical decision making model
make a commitment to being ethical, consult APA code and laws, understand the perspectivies of the parties affected, monitor the effictiveness of the course of action
Behaviors that are blantaly unethical
sex with clients, socializing with current clients, disclosing confidential info
Limits of confidentiality
child abuse or neglect, protection from self-harm, to warn a potential victim of intent to harm, to report certain crimes, military, employment info, criminal or civil cases, info to third party payers
Tarasoff case
duty to warn and to protect
Issues of incompetence
personal problems, burnout, causes, effects, actions
Why do psychologists experience burnout
overcommmitted, low sense of control, low salary, little experience, perfectionism
how common is burnout?
26-43% experience it
Test selection should ential
psychologist’s competence, client’s culture, test’s validity
What constitutes a culture?
Narrow: ethnicity and race
Broad: ethnogtaphic, demographic, status, or affiliation identities
subculture
a shared lifestyle with unique norms, expectations, and values
Addressing model
age, disability, religion, ethnicity, social status, sexual orientation, indigenous heritage, national origin, gender
Etic perspective
emphasizes similarities b/t ppl, dominiant during early psych
Emic perspective
Emphasizes culture-specific norms, cultural groups must be understood on their own terms
Tripartite model of personal identity
individual
group
universal
Multiculturalism
the impact of issues of culture and diversity on mental health
Four/five forces in clinical psych
1-psychoanalysis
2-behavorism
3-humanism
4-cognitive
5-multiculturalism
APA divisions
35-women
36-religion
44-LGBT
45-minorities
51-men
assimilation
adopts new culture, rejects old
seperation
rejects new, retains old
marginalization
rejects both new and old
integration
adopts new, rejects old
