Exam 2 Flashcards by Jessica Togun

What is the central feature of anxiety?

Fear

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persistent feelings of threat which are disproportionate to the life situation or context the person finds themselves in

Anxiety

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What is the best treatment for anxiety?

Systematic desensitization

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What makes anxiety hard to treat?

It has multiple components to it (similar to smoking)

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Persistant worry
vigilance and scanning
recurring thoughts and feelings
interruptions of normal sleep and eating patterns
pounding heart, nausea, sweating
lump in throat
butterflies in the stomach
high pulse rate

These are all symptoms of what type of disorder?

Anxiety disorder

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What is defined as behavior which is used as an attempt to solve a problem insures that the problem continues?

Neurotic Paradox Concept

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Why is anxiety a complex issue for social sciences?

Hard to study and measure

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Just enough anxiety to elicit the best from people, good motivational level, still within coping range.

Optimal performance stage

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beginning to take control, selective attention and confusion begin…fear begins to dominate

Diminishing returns stage

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Define
- failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation to speak (at school) despite speaking in other situations
- interferes with educational and occupational achievement or social communication
- disturbance is at least 1 month

Selective Mutism

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Unable to do anything but attend to and react to the fear stimulus. The fight or flight reaction is in charge

panic stage

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Completely outside of coping range

Autonomic nervous system involvement

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excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from those to whom the individual is attached

separation anxiety

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Define
- anxiety about one or more social situations in which individual is exposed to scrutiny of others
- fear of showing anxiety symptoms and being negatively evaluated
- symptoms last at least 6 months or more

Social Anxiety Disorder

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The fear, anxiety, or avoidance in separation anxiety has to last __ weeks in children and __ months in adults

4, 6

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Define
- fear of open spaces
- fear of being in enclosed spaces (e.g. cinemas)
- fear that escape might be hard or help is unavailable
- fear of being alone
- symptoms typically last 6 months or more

Agoraphobia

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A marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that typically lasts 6 months or more

Specific phobia

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Fear of
1. Flying
2. Heights (acrophobia)
3. Animals
4. Injections
5. Sight of blood
6. Closed spaces (claustrophobia)
are examples of?

Specific phobias

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T/F Agoraphobia occurs more in men than females

False, agoraphobia occurs more often in females.

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Panic disorder is twice as common among _______ as _______.
A. women; men
B. men; women
C. There is not enough data to determine.
D. None of the above

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Reoccurring episodes of acute panic, An abrupt surge of intense discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

Panic disorder/ panic attacks

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Palpations
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath or smothering
Feeling of choking
Chest pain/discomfort
Etc. Are examples of what can happen during what?

A panic attack

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When does panic disorder usually begin?

late adolescence and mid 30s

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What percentage of all people in the U.S. have a panic disorder within a given year?

2.3%

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T/ F There is a genetic component when it comes to panic disorder

True, close biological relatives of people with panic disorder are 8 times more likely to develop it

T/F Between 1/3 and 1/2 of those with panic disorders also have agoraphobic symptoms

True

Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of activities or events

generalized anxiety

Treatment for anxiety disorders that assumes symptoms are the result of repressed ID impulses and are a defense against them coming into awareness.

Psychoanalytic Treatment

1. Restlessness or on edge 2. Easily fatigued 3. Difficulty concentrating 4. Irritability 5. Muscle tension 6. Sleep disturbance May occur in

Generalized anxiety

Referred to as free floating anxiety, occurs in 9.0% of the population lifetime rate, largest anxiety disorder other than phobias

Generalized anxiety

T/F anxiety disorders are moderately heritable with genetic factors T/F the genetic factors account for 20-30% of the variance in transmission of GAD

True True

Treatment for anxiety disorders that assumes anxiety has been learned and that feared objects have reinforcement history associated with them.

Behavioral Treatment

What is flooding?

staying in the presence of feared stimuli until anxiety lowers

How does behavioral treatment stress unlearning problematic behaviors?

Via 1. Flooding 2. Systematic desensitization 3. Cognitive restructuring

Define cognitive restructuring

altering the manner in which the client thinks about the feared stimuli

Which treatment for anxiety requires the construction of a fear hierarchy, relaxation practice, and confronting the feared stimuli?

Systematic desensitization

What disorder is characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts, urges, or images and compulsions?

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorder

Group of disorders in which obsessive-like concerns drive people to repeatedly and excessively perform specific behaviors that disrupt their lives Ex: Hoarding disorder, trichotillomania disorder (hair-pulling), excoriation disorder (skin-picking), body dysmorphic disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive related disorders

What two things define compulsion in OCD?

- repetitive behaviors - excessive behavioral or mental acts

T/F OCD usually begins in early adolescence

True

What two things define obsession in OCD?

- recurrent thoughts - Ignoring or neutralizing the thought (performing the compulsion)

Obsessions and compulsions cause distress, are time consuming (1 hr+), and interfere with daily life Can this person be diagnosed with OCD?

Yes, as long as symptoms are not attributable to something else and is not better explained by another mental disorder.

Around what percentage of people in the U.S. and Great Britain have OCD symptoms in a given year?

Excessive anxiety if items aren't saved or if it is suggested they be discarded

hoarding disorder

Recurrent pulling out of eyebrows, scalp hair, eyelashes, or other parts of body resulting in hair loss despite repeated efforts to stop

Trichotillomania disorder

Picking at their own skin until it is raw despite repeated efforts to stop

Excoriation disorder

Characterized by preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance in a person who would be judged as normal to most

body dysmorphic disorder

Type of OCD that has prevalence in approximately 0.7-2.3% of population and is equally distributed gender wise

body dysmorphic disorder

T/F Men are more likely to be diagnosed with OCD than women

False, it is equally common in both men and women

Between ____% and _____% of clients improve when treated with exposure and response prevention, but only a _______ overcomes all symptoms A. 40 %-50%; majority B. 20%-60%; majority C. 50%-80%; minority D. 60%- 90%; minority

D. 60%- 90%; minority

What are the most common kinds of compulsions?

repeated cleaning and checking

Which trauma-related disorder is similar to the diagnostic criteria of PTSD but symptoms lasts 3 days to 1 month?

Acute Stress Disorder

Exposure to actual/threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence in ways such as 1. Directly experience traumatic event 2. Witnessing in person as the event occurred to others 3. Repeated or extreme exposure of the traumatic events Etc. Is what disorder?

PTSD

A. child is emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult B. social and emotional disturbance C. experienced a pattern of extremes of insufficient care D. Criteria C is responsible for criteria A E. disturbance evident before age 5 F. criteria does not met autism spectrum disorder G. developmental age of at least 9 months What trauma related disorder is described above?

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Persistent or reccurent experiences of feeling detached from as if one were an outside observer of ones self

depersonalization

A child actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults. What disorder is this?

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Persistent or reccurent experiences of unreality of surroundings

Derealization

Women are twice as likely than men to develop a stress disorder than men T OR F

True

Emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to a stressor occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor is characterized by which trauma-related disorder?

Adjustment Disorders

Severe traffic accidents often result in stress reactions or ____

PTSD

Termination of a romantic relationship, having children, and living in a crime ridden neighborhood may lead to what trauma-related disorder?

Adjustment Disorders

In what % range do people in outpatient treatment fall into for adjustment disorder criteria?

5%-20%

What trauma-related disorder is characterized by intense yearning for the deceased and preoccupation with thoughts or memories of the deceased?

Prolonged Grief Disorder

What dissociative disorder is a separation or disassociation from some part of a person's consciousness, memory, motor control, emotion, perception, body representation, behavior, or identity

Dissociative DIsorders

- Most dramatic category we study Symptom's include: - disruption of Identity - discontinuity in self and sense of agency - alterations in memory - recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events

Dissociative Identity Disorder

What is Dissociative Identity Disorder commonly treated with?

Hypnosis

Over ____ % of dissociative identity disorder outpatients have attempted suicide. A. 60% B. 80 C. 70% D. 90%

C. 70%

What dissociative disorder is the inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually of a tramautic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with forgetting?

Dissociative Amnesia

What other disorder can dissociative amnesia be diagnosed with?

Dissociative Fugue (bewildered wandering associated with amnesia for important biographical info)

Which type of amnesia is the inability to recall events that happened within a particular short span of time? A. Localized Amnesia B. Selective Amnesia C. Generalized Amnesia D. Continuous Amnesia

A. Localized Amnesia

Which type of amnesia is an individual not able to remember anything about past life? A. Localized Amnesia B. Selective Amnesia C. Generalized Amnesia D. Continuous Amnesia

C. Generalized Amnesia

Which type of amnesia is an individual not able to remember events that have occurred since a particular point in time? A. Localized Amnesia B. Selective Amnesia C. Generalized Amnesia D. Continuous Amnesia

D. Continuous Amnesia

Which type of amnesia is an individual not able to remember certain details of an accident... can remember generally but not specifically? A. Localized Amnesia B. Selective Amnesia C. Generalized Amnesia D. Continuous Amnesia

B. Selective Amnesia

What is this disorder? (1) ____________: distorted time sense, unreal absent self, physical numbing (2)___________: dreamlike, foggy, visually distorted or both 1 and 2

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (1) Depersonalization (2) Derealization

What is one of the most common dissociative disorders? A. Dissociative Amnesia Disorder B. Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder C. Dissociative Identity Disorder

B. Depersonalization/ Derealization Disorder

- Physical symptoms that cannot be explained by a medical condition, substance use, or another psychological disorder - hypersensitivity to bodily sensations

Somatoform Disorders

Faking of a disorder

Factitious Disorder

1.thoughts about the seriousness of one’s symptoms 2.high level of anxiety about health or symptoms 3.Excessive energy devoted to these health concerns.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

If a person is showing two or more symptoms of somatic symptom disorder is this considered mild, moderate, or severe?

Moderate, only considered severe if there are multiple somatic complaints, AS WELL.

Which somatoform disorder is the fear of getting ill (in simpler terms) Symptoms include: - Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness - high level of anxiety about health, - excessive health-related behaviors (repeated checks for bodily signs of illness).

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Define the disorder - intrapsychic info has been "converted" into physical symptom - avoid situations too painful to face - paralysis, seizures, numbing

Conversion Disorder

Which somatoform disorder is rare with rates estimated only at 0.01% to 0.05% but up to 3% for those referred to outpatient mental health services?

Conversion Disorder

Which somatoform disorder consist of a medical condition that is present and is affected by psychological factors that can influence rate of recovery, interfere with treatment, etc.

Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions