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Great Diseases of the World > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where was Cholera first found?

A

Ganges River, India

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2
Q

What kind of pathogen is Cholera?

A

Bacterial infection

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3
Q

What is the bacteria for Cholera called?

A

Vibrio Cholerae

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4
Q

Where is the bacteria for Cholera found?

A

in warm waters

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5
Q

What are the symptoms for Cholera?

A

diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration

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6
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A

rehydration and electrolytes

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7
Q

What is the incubation period for cholera?

A

2hrs- 5days

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8
Q

Is cholera sensitive to stomach acid?

A

yes

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9
Q

How is cholera spread?

A

contained water or food caused by feces

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10
Q

What country was most affected by cholera?

A

Bangladesh

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11
Q

How many cholera pandemics have there been?

A

7

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12
Q

Which Pandemic killed James Polk with cholera?

A

2nd

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13
Q

Who supported the Miasma Theory for Cholera?

A

Max von Petterkofer

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14
Q

Who supported the Poison Theory for Cholera?

A

John Snow

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15
Q

What did John Snow discover in 1954?

A

Broadway Street Pump had contaminated water which caused the disease because of feces.

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16
Q

What did the public Health Act of 1875 provide?

A

clean water and sewage disposal

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17
Q

Who supported the Germ Theory for Cholera?

A

Robert Koch

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18
Q

Who discovered that vibrio cholerae produced the toxins

A

Robert Koch

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19
Q

Who discovered comma shaped bacteria in feces?

A

Filippo Pacini

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20
Q

Who discovered the transmission of Malaria?

A

Ronald Ross in India 1897

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21
Q

What book contains the first reference of Malaria?

A

Nei Ching

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22
Q

Where do the protozoa of Malaria reproduce?

A

Liver and blood cells

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23
Q

What is the vector of Malaria?

A

Female Anopheles mosquito

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24
Q

At what stage do the symptoms of malaria appear?

A

When the protozoa burst the cells after multiplying

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25
Q

What is the name of the pathogen that causes Malaria?

A

Plasmodium spp.

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26
Q

What are the 4 types of malaria?

A

P.falciparum, P.malariae, P.vivax, P.ovale.

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27
Q

How did malaria come to the U.S?

A

European exploration brought the DISEASE

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28
Q

Which disease is species specific?

A

Malaria

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29
Q

who discovered the actual parasite?

A

Charles Laveran in Algeria

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30
Q

Which malaria is deadly?

A

P. falciparum

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31
Q

What year was malaria eliminated?

A

1947

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32
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria?

A

chills, fever, headache

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33
Q

What condition makes you immune to malaria?

A

Sickle cell

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34
Q

Which disease is a worldwide problem?

A

Cholera

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35
Q

What is the most infectious disease?

A

Measles

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36
Q

What kind of virus is Measles?

A

single stranded RNA

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37
Q

Where did measles come from?

A

emerged from rinderpest in cattle

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38
Q

What is the virus for measles called?

A

morbillivirus

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39
Q

When do symptoms begin to show for measles?

A

after 7-14 days of infection

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40
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

ear infection that can lead to hearing loss

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41
Q

what is encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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42
Q

what is viremia

A

when measles spreads to organs

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43
Q

what causes the rash in measles

A

the inflammation of capillaries in the skin

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44
Q

What is the R0 for measles?

A

12-18

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45
Q

How is measles spread?

A

through close contact (aerosol droplets in the air)

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46
Q

who tried to make a vaccine for measles by injecting infected blood?

A

Francis Home

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47
Q

What kind of virus is used for measles?

A

modified live virus

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48
Q

what is the lancet movement?

A

when people thought vaccines caused autism

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49
Q

what year did CDC declare measles eliminated from the US

A

2000

50
Q

who determined the difference between small pox and measles

A

Rhazes but Hohn Locke in US

51
Q

measles in spanish

A

sarampion

52
Q

Where was the great sickness

A

Alaska in summer 1900

53
Q

who got measles from an orphanage in London

A

Kin Kamehameha 2nd

54
Q

meals first started in..

A

Neolithic period when people domesticated cows

55
Q

What percent of people get measles

A

90%

56
Q

Where did Leprosy originate?

A

Egypt or Gangetic Valley in India

57
Q

What is the bacteria for leprosy called?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

58
Q

what is the zoonotic reservoir for leprosy?

A

9 banded armadillo

59
Q

What is a chronic infectious disease to the skin called?

A

leprosy

60
Q

what percent of population is susceptible to leprosy

A

10%

61
Q

if the nerves are not involved, leprosy is only a minor skin disease

A

true

62
Q

how long does leprosy take to fully develop?

A

20 years

63
Q

what disease causes immunity to leprosy?

A

tuberculosis

64
Q

who found the bacteria responsible for leprosy?

A

Herhand Armauer Hansen found it in skin nodules

65
Q

what stain is used to see the bacteria for leprosy?

A

acid fast staining

66
Q

who is the saint of leprosy

A

Lazarus

67
Q

what places had the highest cases of leporsy worldwide?

A

India, Brazil, and Indonesia

68
Q

What places in the US had the most cases of Leprosy

A

AK, cali, Fl, NY and TX

69
Q

Leprosy is a chronic viral disease that damages peripheral nerves and skin.

A

True

70
Q

What is another name for Leprosy?

A

Hansens disease

71
Q

Hansen’s disease causes patients to be numb and susceptible to disease leading to …

A

grangenous

72
Q

what civil liberties were taken when someone had leprosy?

A

right to vote, move freely and see loved ones, work or raise families of their own

73
Q

Where did Covid 19 come from?

A

Wuhan China

74
Q

what was the original name for covid?

A

2019 novel coronavirus

75
Q

what is the zoonotic reservoir for Covid 19?

A

horseshoe bats

76
Q

When did the first cases of pneumonia come out in Wuhan China

A

December 30th, 2019

77
Q

where was the first outbreak of covid in the US

A

Washington state

78
Q

when did the US put travel restrictions for covid

A

January 20th 2020

79
Q

when was covid declared a pandemic

A

March 11th

80
Q

when were the vaccines for covid FDA approved

A

December 11th and 18th

81
Q

what percent of covid cases are mild

A

81%

82
Q

what percent of covid cases are severe

A

14%

83
Q

what percent of covid cases are critical

A

5%

84
Q

what is the mortality rate of covid

A

2%

85
Q

what is the incubation period for covid

A

2-14 days

86
Q

How is covid treated

A

monoclonal antibodies or antivirals

87
Q

What does WASH stand for

A

water, sanitation, and hygiene

88
Q

incubation period of cholera

A

2 hrs - 5days

89
Q

which pandemic of cholera was the most lethal

A

3rd

90
Q

What caused the cholera riots

A

anti-cholera measures like quarantine and migratory restrictions

91
Q

Where is the primary place of infection for measles?

A

respiratory epithelium of nasophorax

92
Q

how did measles come to the americas

A

European exploration

93
Q

who developed the vaccine for measles

A

John Endors

94
Q

Mycobacterium (leprosy) is what kind of shape

A

rod shaped

95
Q

leprocy has a high content of which lipid

A

mycotic acid

96
Q

Where was the first known case of leprosy in America

A

Louisiana

97
Q

Where was the national institution for the care of leprosy

A

caravelle louisiana

98
Q

What does WHO stand for

A

world health organization

99
Q

What kind of vaccine is the Pfizer-BioNTech

A

mRNA

100
Q

What kind of vaccine is Moderna

A

mRNA

101
Q

What kind of vaccine is Novavax

A

subunit protein, adjuvanted

102
Q

What kind of vaccine is Johnson & Johnson

A

adeno viral vector

103
Q

What was OWS?

A

operation warp speed, rapid mass production of vaccines for the covid 19 pandemic.

104
Q

In what kind of animals were coronaviruses first discovered

A

poultry

105
Q

how many coronaviruses are known to infect humans

A

7

106
Q

how similar is SARS to covid 19 in their sequence

A

79%

107
Q

what caused the SARS pandemic

A

wildlife farming and exotic cuisine in Guangdong China

108
Q

how is SARS and MERS spread

A

Aerosol droplets

109
Q

How long is the incubation period for SARS

A

2-7 days

110
Q

what was the facility rate for SARS

A

10%

111
Q

how do you diagnose SARS

A

Nucleic Acid amplification test

112
Q

What is ProMED

A

email database program for monitoring emerging diseases

113
Q

where was the first SARS super spreader event

A

Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong

114
Q

What is the intermediate host for SARS

A

Palm Civet Cats

115
Q

where was MERS first reported

A

in Saudi Arabia

116
Q

where were most of the cases for MERS

A

Arabian peninsula

117
Q

where was the largest outbreak of MERS outside of the Arabian peninsula

A

Republic of Korea

118
Q

What is the intermediate host for MERS

A

dromedary camels

119
Q

what is the incubation period for MERS

A

2-14 days

120
Q

What is the facility rate of MERS

A

34%

Great Diseases of the World (4 decks)

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