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Psych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a full term birth?

A

Full term: 38-42 weeks from conception

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2
Q

What is considered preterm birth?

A

37 weeks

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3
Q

What are the risk factors of having a preterm birth?

A
  • not able to finish prenatal development
    -Low Birth Weight: < 5.5 pounds
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4
Q

What can cause low birth weight?

A

-smoking, alcohol, low weight gain, nutrition, chromosomal abnormalities

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5
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

(“Cheesy Varnish”); protects skin from bacteria

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6
Q

How long on avg. Do new born babies sleep for?

A

16 hrs. Per day

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7
Q

What are innate reflexes?

A

Uncontrolled response to external stimulation

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8
Q

What are some examples of innate reflexes that we keep?

A
  • Blinking
  • coughing
  • sneezing
  • jerking
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9
Q

What are some examples of innate reflexes that we lose?

A

-Rooting
- grasping
-swimming
- walking/stepping
- Moro/ startle
- babinski

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10
Q

What are the capabilities of a new born?

A
  • Head can turn while lying down
    -vision is nearsighted but can focus well 12-18 in
    -other senses- fully developed
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11
Q

What is neonatal abstinence syndrome?

A

When drugs pass from the placenta to the baby and after birth, the baby suffers from withdrawal

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12
Q

What are long time complication of low birth weight?

A

•Health issues: High blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological problems, reproductive issues
•Death in childhood; cognitive, educational, and behavioral problems.

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13
Q

What percentage of the brain is developed by year 1?

A

80%

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14
Q

What is the maturation process?

A

One task must be achieved before the next

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15
Q

What are the major approaches to cognitive dev. ?

A
  • Psychometric
  • behavioral/learning approach
  • information processing approach
  • cognitive approach
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16
Q

What is the three main components of behavioral I learning perspective?

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning

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17
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Envoirmental stimuli’s produces reflexive response

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18
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Associating consequences with actions

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19
Q

What is Observational learning?

A

Imitation

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20
Q

What is information processing approach?

A
  • Attention and memory
  • concept formation (simple categorization)
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21
Q

What is infantile amnesia?

A

Children can’t remember anything from before they were three

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22
Q

Why do children have infantile amnesia?

A

Because the frontal lobe which is used for critical thinking isnt fully developed

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23
Q

What is Vygotsky’s
Social development theory?

A

Social interaction leads to learning, and forming apprenticeships with adults

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24
Q

What is the sequencefor learning language?

A
  • Social speech
  • private speech ( out loud)
  • inner speech
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25
Q

What are the characteristics of social speech?

A

Baby speaks for their own entertainment, unaware if anyone else can understand

26
Q

What are the characteristics of private speech?

A

Speech spoken and directed to themselves, helps control behavior

27
Q

What are the characteristics of inner speech?

A

Perform actions w/o talking out loud to self or others around

28
Q

What are the stages of Piaget’s theory? (4)

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • pre-operational
    -concrete operation
  • formal operational
29
Q

What is the age range for sensorimotor stage?

A

(Birth- 2yrs old)

30
Q

What are the age ranges are proportional stage?

A

(2 -7 years old )

31
Q

What are the age ranges for concrete operational?

A

(7 - 11 years old)

32
Q

What are the age ranges for formal operational

A

( Adolescence - adulthood)

33
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

Construct an understanding of the world by sensory and physical experience ( exploring envoirment )

34
Q

What is object permanence?

A

Understanding objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen

35
Q

What are the results of sensorimotor stage?

A
  • Object permanence
  • spatial knowledge
  • some causality
  • # ’s
  • some categorization
    -imatation
  • understand pictures as symbols
36
Q

What influences language development?

A
  • Brain maturation
  • social interaction
  • family characteristics
  • reading aloud
  • child directed speech
37
Q

What is the 1st stage of language development?

A

6-8 weeks: cooing

38
Q

What are the visual capabilities of new borns?

A
  • Nearsighted( can only focus well @12-18 in)
    -prefer faces ( black and white)
  • can distinguish red and green
39
Q

What is the apgar scale/ purpose?

A

a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

40
Q

On the apgar scale what does the # rating scale signify?

A
  • 0-3 critically low
  • 4-6 fairly low
  • 7-10 generally normal
41
Q

What is the Cephalocaudal Principle?

A

growth and development follow a pattern that starts with the head then proceeds to the rest of the body (head to toe).

42
Q

What are two methods that will help the preterm baby?

A

-maternal education
- kangaroo care

43
Q

What does the brain stem control?

A

Coordinates breathing, sleeping, and sucking

44
Q

What does the cerebral cortex control?

A

Cognition like thinking, storing, memories,and reasoning

45
Q

What is SIDS?

A

Sudden infant death syndrome is a sudden, unexplained death during sleep of healthy infants

46
Q

What is the second stage of language development?

A

Babbling (6-8 months)

47
Q

What is the third stage for language development?

A

Holophrase (12 months)

48
Q

What is the fourth stage of language development?

A

Morphology (2 -3 years)

49
Q

What age range do infants go through trust vs. Mistrust according to Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

0 to 18 months

50
Q

Around what age range do children feel autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

A

12 or 18 months to 3 years

51
Q

What is the first stage of attachment according to bowlby?

A

Drawn to humans but inconsistent preference (0-2 mon.)

52
Q

What is the second stage of attachment according to bowlby?

A

Preference for a regular caregiver (2-7 months)

53
Q

What is the third stage of attachment according to bowlby?

A

Develop specific attachments; cling to caregiver when upset; use caregiver as base to explore (7-24 months)

54
Q

What are the different attachment styles?

A
  • Secure attached
  • avoidant
  • ambivalent / resistant
  • disorganized/disoriented
55
Q

What is stranger anxiety?

A

Wariness of an unknown person

56
Q

What is separation anxiety?

A

Distress when a caregiver leaves (10-18months)

57
Q

What are the early signs of emotional development?

A
  • Crying
    -smiling
  • laughing
58
Q

What are the different innate emotions?

A
  • Interest
  • distress
  • contentment
59
Q

What are the different emotions around six months?

A
  • Anger
  • surprise
  • joy
  • sadness
  • fear
  • digest
60
Q

What are the different emotions around 18 to 24 months

A
  • Empathy
  • jealousy
    -Embarrassment
61
Q

What are the different emotions around 30-36 months?

A
  • Shame
  • guilt
  • pride

Psych (13 decks)

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