Exam 2 Flashcards by All Kpop

What is a full term birth?

Full term: 38-42 weeks from conception

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What is considered preterm birth?

37 weeks

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What are the risk factors of having a preterm birth?

not able to finish prenatal development
-Low Birth Weight: < 5.5 pounds

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What can cause low birth weight?

-smoking, alcohol, low weight gain, nutrition, chromosomal abnormalities

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What is vernix caseosa?

(“Cheesy Varnish”); protects skin from bacteria

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How long on avg. Do new born babies sleep for?

16 hrs. Per day

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What are innate reflexes?

Uncontrolled response to external stimulation

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What are some examples of innate reflexes that we keep?

Blinking
coughing
sneezing
jerking

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What are some examples of innate reflexes that we lose?

-Rooting
- grasping
-swimming
- walking/stepping
- Moro/ startle
- babinski

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What are the capabilities of a new born?

Head can turn while lying down
-vision is nearsighted but can focus well 12-18 in
-other senses- fully developed

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What is neonatal abstinence syndrome?

When drugs pass from the placenta to the baby and after birth, the baby suffers from withdrawal

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What are long time complication of low birth weight?

•Health issues: High blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological problems, reproductive issues
•Death in childhood; cognitive, educational, and behavioral problems.

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What percentage of the brain is developed by year 1?

80%

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What is the maturation process?

One task must be achieved before the next

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What are the major approaches to cognitive dev. ?

Psychometric
behavioral/learning approach
information processing approach
cognitive approach

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What is the three main components of behavioral I learning perspective?

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning

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What is classical conditioning?

Envoirmental stimuli’s produces reflexive response

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What is operant conditioning?

Associating consequences with actions

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What is Observational learning?

Imitation

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What is information processing approach?

Attention and memory
concept formation (simple categorization)

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What is infantile amnesia?

Children can’t remember anything from before they were three

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Why do children have infantile amnesia?

Because the frontal lobe which is used for critical thinking isnt fully developed

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What is Vygotsky’s
Social development theory?

Social interaction leads to learning, and forming apprenticeships with adults

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What is the sequencefor learning language?

Social speech
private speech ( out loud)
inner speech

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What are the characteristics of social speech?

Baby speaks for their own entertainment, unaware if anyone else can understand

What are the characteristics of private speech?

Speech spoken and directed to themselves, helps control behavior

What are the characteristics of inner speech?

Perform actions w/o talking out loud to self or others around

What are the stages of Piaget's theory? (4)

- Sensorimotor - pre-operational -concrete operation - formal operational

What is the age range for sensorimotor stage?

(Birth- 2yrs old)

What are the age ranges are proportional stage?

(2 -7 years old )

What are the age ranges for concrete operational?

(7 - 11 years old)

What are the age ranges for formal operational

( Adolescence - adulthood)

Sensorimotor stage

Construct an understanding of the world by sensory and physical experience ( exploring envoirment )

What is object permanence?

Understanding objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen

What are the results of sensorimotor stage?

- Object permanence - spatial knowledge - some causality - #'s - some categorization -imatation - understand pictures as symbols

What influences language development?

- Brain maturation - social interaction - family characteristics - reading aloud - child directed speech

What is the 1st stage of language development?

6-8 weeks: cooing

What are the visual capabilities of new borns?

- Nearsighted( can only focus well @12-18 in) -prefer faces ( black and white) - can distinguish red and green

What is the apgar scale/ purpose?

a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

On the apgar scale what does the # rating scale signify?

- 0-3 critically low - 4-6 fairly low - 7-10 generally normal

What is the Cephalocaudal Principle?

growth and development follow a pattern that starts with the head then proceeds to the rest of the body (head to toe).

What are two methods that will help the preterm baby?

-maternal education - kangaroo care

What does the brain stem control?

Coordinates breathing, sleeping, and sucking

What does the cerebral cortex control?

Cognition like thinking, storing, memories,and reasoning

What is SIDS?

Sudden infant death syndrome is a sudden, unexplained death during sleep of healthy infants

What is the second stage of language development?

Babbling (6-8 months)

What is the third stage for language development?

Holophrase (12 months)

What is the fourth stage of language development?

Morphology (2 -3 years)

What age range do infants go through trust vs. Mistrust according to Erikson's psychosocial theory?

0 to 18 months

Around what age range do children feel autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

12 or 18 months to 3 years

What is the first stage of attachment according to bowlby?

Drawn to humans but inconsistent preference (0-2 mon.)

What is the second stage of attachment according to bowlby?

Preference for a regular caregiver (2-7 months)

What is the third stage of attachment according to bowlby?

Develop specific attachments; cling to caregiver when upset; use caregiver as base to explore (7-24 months)

What are the different attachment styles?

- Secure attached - avoidant - ambivalent / resistant - disorganized/disoriented

What is stranger anxiety?

Wariness of an unknown person

What is separation anxiety?

Distress when a caregiver leaves (10-18months)

What are the early signs of emotional development?

- Crying -smiling - laughing

What are the different innate emotions?

- Interest - distress - contentment

What are the different emotions around six months?

- Anger - surprise - joy - sadness - fear - digest

What are the different emotions around 18 to 24 months

- Empathy - jealousy -Embarrassment

What are the different emotions around 30-36 months?

- Shame - guilt - pride

Exam 2 Flashcards

(61 cards)