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REL 103: Introduction to Christian Theology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first grammar rule of creation?

A

“Creation” does NOT primarily describe a thing but a relation.
*Creation implies a creator.

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2
Q

What is the pantheist view?

A

God is all things, a divinized world.

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3
Q

What is the problem with the pantheist view?

A

If true, God could not be the creator of all things. All things would be God, not from God.

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4
Q

What is the panENtheist view?

A

God is in and through all things.

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5
Q

What is the problem with the panENtheist view?

A

If true, God needs creation to be God. God is NOT separate from creation.

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6
Q

What is the theist view?

A

God is creator, but not sustainer.

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7
Q

What is the problem with the theist view?

A

God has no relationship with his creation

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8
Q

What is transcendence?

A

An affirmation about God that states that a Creator creates creatures and that the Creator is purposefully in control (lordship).

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9
Q

What is relation?

A

The belief that the creator is not a cosmology (world picture) or separate from the world, but a relation and in relation with the world.

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10
Q

What is the second grammar rule of creation?

A

“Creation” is not just a relation but a distinction.

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11
Q

What is ontological distinction?

A

The belief that God IS Being, while humans HAVE being. This means that our being participates in God’s Being.

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12
Q

What is ontology?

A

The study of existence and essence.

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13
Q

What are the the 2 parts of Creation’s identity?

A
  1. The Creator’s Identity.
  2. Theology’s Logic.
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14
Q

What is the Creator’s Identity described as?

A

Free, transcendent, generous, welcoming.

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15
Q

What is Theology’s Logic described as?

A

Divine simplicity and God does as God is.

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16
Q

What analogy was Julian of Norwich given by God to describe Creation?

A

A hazelnut.

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17
Q

What is the third grammar rule of creation?

A

Creation also names non-human creation.

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18
Q

What are the names of all creatures in scripture?

A
  1. All creatures are part of “good” creation.
  2. All give glory to The Creator.
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19
Q

What are the names of the whole of creation in scripture?

A
  1. Mysteriously entangled (drama of sin and redemption).
  2. Faithfully included (hope of coming kingdom).
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20
Q

What is the fourth grammar rule of creation?

A

Good Creation grammar requires some vocabulary.

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21
Q

What are the vocabulary under the fourth grammar rule of creation?

A
  1. Dependent.
  2. Active (God is working in the world).
  3. Contingent.
  4. Transcendent (God is above the world).
  5. Necessary.
  6. Fallen(Abuse of good things).
  7. Good (God creates in goodness).
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22
Q

What is the goal of systematic theology?

A

Wholeness and coherence.

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23
Q

What is the trap of systematic theology?

A

Trying to build a system and find the deepest experience of lived reality.

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24
Q

What do we claim about revelation in God?

A

God has been made known to us by God and God is mysterious.

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25
Q

What do we claim about Trinity?

A
  1. God is three and God is one.
  2. God is great and good.
  3. God is transcendent and active.
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26
Q

What do we claim about Creation?

A

Creation is good but also fallen.

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27
Q

What do Revelation, Trinity, and Creation lead us to believe about God?

A
  1. The one God who is maker of heaven and earth, who is both perfectly great and perfectly good.
  2. God is in charge and guides nature and history.
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28
Q

What is the problem with God being perfectly great and good, but also guiding nature and history?

A

Natural disasters, famine, genocide, financial crises, and other terrible things under the watch of a good God.
Also, God is good, God creates in goodness, and what God creates is good.

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29
Q

What is providence?

A

The claim about God’s power and goodness as he continually works in/cares for the world.

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30
Q

Why do we start by discussing providence and not evil?

A

We are learning to speak theologically by disciplining our speech.

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31
Q

What are sin and death considered to be?

A

Corruptions of the world, meaning we must learn what is good, normal, and Godly, so we can identify what is evil/abnormal.

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32
Q

What does most Christian theology agree on pertaining to providence?

A
  1. God is sovereign.
  2. What happens in history and nature happen with God’s permission.
  3. God’s permission is always purposeful.
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33
Q

What is evil?

A

Lack of order or justice.

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34
Q

How do we speak theologically about evil?

A

To “be” is to be good —> Evil as descent from existence.

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35
Q

What does privatio boni mean?

A

Privation of the good.
*Lack, absence, and distortion.

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36
Q

Who promoted privatio boni?

A

Augustine.

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37
Q

What is evil seen as?

A

A parasite that intrudes upon and feeds on good, but has no identity of its own.

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38
Q

What is The Manichean Temptation?

A

That good and evil are opposite and independent of one another. Evil can be defeated and gotten rid of.

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39
Q

What is the thought surrounding how good and evil are not equals?

A

If evil is a fallen good, then evil is dependent upon good. For evil to exist, good must also exist.

40
Q

Do we have to worry about the ending?

A

No.

41
Q

What are the two categories of evil?

A
  1. Moral.
  2. Natural.
42
Q

What falls in the category of moral evil?

A
  1. Evil done by persons.
  2. Done in the opposite of someone’s nature/demeanor.
    ex: A kindly old man killing someone using a croquet mallet.
  3. Intention and action are involved.
43
Q

What falls in the category of natural evil?

A
  1. Sickness, Death, and Disaster. Things that seem unfair when they happen.
  2. Not a part of original creation.
44
Q

What is Traditional Response 1 to evil?

A

The incomprehensibility of God.

45
Q

Who was considered to be an example of Traditional Response 1 in Scripture?

A

Job (as said by John Calvin).

46
Q

What does not work with Scripture for Traditional Response 1?

A
  1. Job is being challenged/is seen as challenged. Abraham (Bargaining with God).
  2. Is Job a prohibition or an encouragement to challenge and question God?
47
Q

What is the challenge to Traditional Response 1?

A

Unchallenged acceptance of evil.

48
Q

What is Traditional Response 2 to evil?

A

Adversity as evidence of divine punishment.

49
Q

What is divine punishment as it pertains to chastisement and punishment?

A

Punishment of the wicked and chastisement of the people of God (teach them a lesson).

50
Q

What works with Traditional Response 2?

A

Deuteronomic Tradition (Laws and punishment) + Wisdom Tradition (Follow this, good things happen).

51
Q

What challenges the Traditional Response 2?

A
  1. Teachings of Jesus (divine punishment is not always tied to sin).
  2. Blaming the victims and ignoring the perpetrators.
52
Q

What is Traditional Response 3 to evil?

A

Divine pedagogy (art of teaching).

53
Q

What is the explanation for how God makes use of suffering?

A
  1. To turn us to God.
  2. Reminders about where to cast our gaze.
    *AUGUSTINE.
54
Q

Where in scripture is Traditional Response 3 found?

A

Romans 8 (I do not count my suffering due to future glory).

55
Q

What is the challenge to Traditional Response 3?

A

Suffering willingly assumed v. conditions that need changing.

56
Q

What is anthropology?

A

The study of people. Assumed to be described in a value neutral way.

57
Q

What is cultural anthropology?

A

The study of a certain group of people, often one that is not well understood by society.

58
Q

What is theological anthropology?

A

The study of human life within God’s Creation. “…humanity both as God intends it to be and as it actually is.

59
Q

Why is theological anthropology important?

A

To answer both the what (what are people) and the what for (what are people for?).

60
Q

What is under option 2 for where does our knowledge about humanity comes from?

A
  1. Who, How, and Where (No idea what we are doing).
  2. Revelation Christ brings (Became human once Christ appears).
  3. Knowledge as revelation.
  4. Niebuhr: enigma to ourselves.
61
Q

What is under option 1 for where does our knowledge about humanity comes from?

A
  1. Cartesian turn (Made knowledge individual).
  2. Theology’s proper object (Human).
  3. Elevation of human reason (Trustworthy).
  4. Confidence of science (Pure knowledge of the world).
62
Q

What is tension 1 of characterizing people?

A

Humans are both animal and spiritual (psychosomatic).

63
Q

What falls under the animal side of being human?

A
  1. Bodily life.
  2. Joined with a temporal life.
  3. Creaturely.
64
Q

What is bodily life?

A

Possessing a nature with its limits and possibilities.

65
Q

What are the limits of bodily life?

A

Food dependency, lifespan, finite, limited vision, limited hearing, etc.

66
Q

What is under joined with a temporal life?

A

Dust of the Earth: Adam (dust person) or adamah (earth person).
Human life was given with the rest of animal and non-animal life.

67
Q

What is the description of creaturely?

A

Finite, limited, physical.
A gift, not a curse or degradation.

68
Q

What falls under the spiritual side of being human?

A
  1. The soul.
  2. The spirit.
69
Q

What is the description of the soul?

A

The soul is body and spirt in one: the personal identity of each human being. Not otherworldly, but bodily; not wholly spirit, but how we commune with God in our bodily form.

70
Q

What is the spirit described as being?

A

Not greater than the body.

71
Q

What are the two unhelpful alternatives to Tension 1?

A
  1. Denial of body (The Gnostic Temptation).
  2. Humanism (The Autonomous Temptation).
72
Q

What is denial of body (The Gnostic Temptation)?

A

Denial of the importance of fleshly existence through dualism of body and spirit (denial of body) and emphasis on escape from the body (body does not matter).

73
Q

What is the dualism of body and spirit called?

A

Hierarchal dualism.

74
Q

What is humanism (The Autonomous Temptation)?

A

Humanity as the measure of human capacity and the measurement of people in terms of material production or potentials (What you have and what you do).

75
Q

What is Tension 2 of characterizing people?

A

Imago Dei.

76
Q

What are the two subheadings under imago dei?

A
  1. In the image (Static).
  2. To the likeness (Dynamic).
77
Q

What are the two parts of in the image?

A
  1. A kind of image.
  2. Ontological.
78
Q

What is under a kind of image?

A
  1. Christ as image.
  2. Natural image (Jesus) v. images “by imitation” (Humans).
79
Q

What is ontological?

A

State of being.

80
Q

What are the two parts of to the likeness?

A
  1. New creation.
  2. A moral trajectory.
81
Q

What is under new creation?

A

New possibility through sin + healing.

82
Q

What is under moral trajectory?

A

Made in the image, yet not perfected in the image.
*CHRISTOLOGICAL

83
Q

What are the three ways we describe the image of God?

A
  1. Substantial.
  2. Functional.
  3. Relational.
84
Q

What is the substantial description?

A

Humans share something more with God than animals do.

85
Q

What is the functional description?

A

God gave humans a role: Dominion over the Earth.

86
Q

What is the relational description?

A

We are in relation with God and others.

87
Q

Who discussed Imago dei and Freedom?

A

Bonhoeffer.

88
Q

What did Bonhoeffer believe Imago dei did for us?

A
  1. It reveals our human nature (Nature, identity, and freedom revealed to us fully in Incarnation/Jesus appearing).
  2. It gives meaning to our existence: to exist is to exist in Christ. Resurrection is key to what it means to be human.
  3. Being human is something we are given and taught.
89
Q

How does Imago dei name our freedom?

A
  1. God is free + we are made in the image of God= We have freedom. Freedom FOR God, which is given to us and happens to us.
    *God was free for us in creating us.
90
Q

What does The Gospel say about freedom?

A

We are free through Jesus Christ, who was bound and then was freed.
*We are most free when attached to Christ.

91
Q

How does Christ help us understand Bonhoeffer’s point of view?

A

God’s freedom is freedom FOR us, which lets us understand freedom as being free for.
*Freedom is between persons but constituted by God’s relationship.

92
Q

Why freedom and not reason?

A

Reason misses the wholeness of being human (spiritual and social) and is too individualistic.

93
Q

What does sicut deus mean?

A

Away from God or cut from God (a fraction of God).

94
Q

Why is freedom from others a negative thing?

A

It is a rejection of freedom because you are thinking that you do not need others. Also, a rejection of creatureliness.

95
Q

What does freedom from others lead to?

A

Competition instead of relation.

96
Q

What three things are you alienated from in freedom from others?

A
  1. God.
  2. Your true self.
  3. Others.
97
Q

How did Bonhoeffer reinterpret Irenaeus’s perspective?

A

Imago Dei was given by God to us as a gift. Following sicut deus leads to a rejection of the relation to God as creator and rejection of imago dei.

REL 103: Introduction to Christian Theology (3 decks)

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