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REL 103: Introduction to Christian Theology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of evangelical?

A

The gospel.

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2
Q

What is the origin of the word evangelical?

A

From the Greek word evangelion.

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3
Q

What is the definition of ecumenical?

A

The entire inhabited Earth.

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4
Q

What is the origin of the word ecumenical?

A

The Greek word oikoumene.

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5
Q

What is ecumenicism?

A

The call to foster unity and sharing of experiences throughout the whole of Christianity.

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6
Q

What is the definition of biblicism?

A

A focus on scripture as the ultimate authority for faith and practice.
Is a doctrinal affirmation.

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7
Q

What is the definition of conversionism?

A

The emphasis on life-altering religious experiences.
A doctrinal affirmation.

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8
Q

What is the definition of activism?

A

The concern for doing good works and sharing the faith.
Is an experiential aspect of evangelicalism.

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9
Q

What is the definition of crucicentrism?

A

A focus on Jesus’s saving work on the cross.
Is an experiential aspect of evangelicalism.

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10
Q

Why is evangelical Christianity orthodox?

A

Due to sharing the early church’s doctrinal commitments to creedal traditions. ex: The Triune God.

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11
Q

What group is the evangelical movement tied to?

A

Protestants.

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12
Q

What event created the Protestants?

A

The reformation of the sixteenth century.

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13
Q

True or False: All Protestant churches are evangelical.

A

False.

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14
Q

When did the evangelical movement begin?

A

During eighteenth century revival movements.

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15
Q

When did liberal theology rise in the Protestant church?

A

The 1920’s.

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16
Q

What is liberal theology?

A

The theological tradition that reinterprets much of orthodox doctrine in light of modern life.

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17
Q

What are two characteristics of liberal theology?

A
  1. Privileging human experience and emotion as the best authority for Christian faith.
  2. Maintaining that Christianity is about ethics, not doctrine.
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18
Q

What is fundamentalist theology?

A

The theological tradition that stays true to the fundamentals of scriptural teachings.

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19
Q

What is new evangelicalism?

A

A splinter group from evangelicalism that is doctrinally conservative and encourages active engagement in/with the culture.

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20
Q

When did the split in evangelicalism occur?

A

1950’s-70’s.

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21
Q

Who was the primary figure in new evangelicalism?

A

Billy Graham.

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22
Q

What are separatist Christians?

A

Christians that reject any association with the world and other Christians. See the world as being sinful/ other Christians as accommodating of sin.

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23
Q

Who was Aquinas?

A

A professor at The University of Paris.

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24
Q

What were Aquinas’s 2 main beliefs?

A
  1. God and everything as it relates to God.
  2. All things as they have God as their source and end.
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25
Q

What word does religion come from?

A

Religione (meaning to bind).

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26
Q

What is religion as a rule of life?

A

How you live.

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27
Q

What is religion as a belief?

A

What forms/informs your view of the world.

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28
Q

What did Anslem believe?

A

Faith seeks understanding and understanding brings joy.

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29
Q

What is the “object” of Christian faith?

A

God.

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30
Q

Is the God from scripture a static entity?

A

No, nor is he a mere object.

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31
Q

Why is God difficult to study?

A

He is a free, living, and active subject. Also, he is infinite and we are finite.

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32
Q

What is the situation of Christian faith?

A

It exists in particular historical contexts and circumstances and not in a vacuum.

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33
Q

True or False: It is okay to have new questions about faith.

A

True.

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34
Q

What does theology provide Christians?

A

Tools, not answers.

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35
Q

What are the 5 tasks of theology?

A
  1. Dogmatics.
  2. Correlation.
  3. Witness.
  4. Praxis.
  5. Criticism.
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36
Q

Who promoted dogmatics?

A

Karl Barth.

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37
Q

What is the definition of dogmatics?

A

Clear and comprehensive presentation of the Gospel.

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38
Q

What does dogmatics emphasize?

A

Presentation and proclamation.
Can you explain it?

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39
Q

What point was Karl Barth stuck on?

A

How we are called to discuss God, but we are too limited and too sinful to discuss God.
*Caught in a loop.

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40
Q

Who promoted correlation?

A

Paul Tillich.

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41
Q

What is correlation?

A

Translating the principles of the Christian faith into a different context.
Placing scripture into the experience of the person you are speaking to.

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42
Q

What does correlation assume?

A

That theology needs to be translated into a different language to be heard.

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43
Q

How does correlation contrast dogmatics?

A

Not proclamation, but discussion.
You need to talk with people for them to understand.

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44
Q

Who promoted witness?

A

Stanley Hauerwas.

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45
Q

What is witness?

A

Reflecting upon the Gospel from the perspective of the life God has given to the church. Including contemporary issues/ethics.

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46
Q

What is the contrast to correlation?

A

Does not assume translation is needed. You can show them, instead of just telling them.

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47
Q

What does Stanley Hauerwas believe?

A

The task of Christian theology is to bear witness in word and deed to the truthfulness of the Gospel.

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48
Q

Who promoted praxis?

A

Gustavo Gutierrez.

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49
Q

What is praxis?

A

The critical reflection on the practice of the Christian faith within an oppressed community.

50
Q

What did praxis give rise to?

A

Liberation theology (God is with those who are suffering).

51
Q

What assumption does praxis make?

A

That liberative and justice seeking activities give rise to reflection.

52
Q

Why does Gutierrez’s seem to be focused on suffering?

A

He was a theologian in an area where his neighbors were barely getting by, so the traditional message seemed to be moot.

53
Q

What group did Gutierrez prioritize speaking with?

A

The “nonpersons”.

54
Q

Who promoted criticism?

A

Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

55
Q

What is criticism?

A

Offering a word of judgement upon the world from a theological point of view. Speaking against the world

56
Q

What context was Dietrich Bonhoeffer living/writing in?

A

WWII Germany where Hitler was controlling the church.

57
Q

What is the JV squad of theology?

A
  1. Reason.
  2. Experience.
  3. Tradition.
58
Q

What is the Wesleyan Quadrilateral?

A
  1. Reason.
  2. Experience.
  3. Scripture.
  4. Tradition.
    *REST
59
Q

What is the claim concerning the JV Squad of theology?

A

They are not equal.

60
Q

What is scripture considered to be the source of?

A

Christian doctrine.

61
Q

What is the role of the JV Squad as it relates to scripture?

A

Their role is to help scripture be understood.

62
Q

What is the premise of sola scriptura?

A

That all things are examined and corrected by scripture.

63
Q

What is reason?

A

The exercise of human thinking on other sources.

64
Q

What are synonyms to logos?

A

Order, structure, logic, meaning.

65
Q

What is the definition of imago dei?

A

Made in the image of God.

66
Q

What is Descartes’ objection?

A

I can doubt all but that I am thinking.

67
Q

What is Kant’s restriction?

A

Religion can only be known within certain bounds. Must be proveable.

68
Q

What is the minimum standard?

A
  1. Non-contradictory.
  2. Intelligible.
  3. Coherent.
69
Q

Why is reason not the opposite of faith?

A

Everyone wants a rational faith.

70
Q

What can be safely disagreed about, in terms of reason?

A

Definitions.

71
Q

What did Schleiermacher state?

A

That feelings are trustworthy.

72
Q

Why is experience a source?

A
  1. It is theology’s subject.
  2. People can changed based on it.
  3. People can experience God.
73
Q

What are the arguments in favor of experience?

A
  1. The experience of conversion.
  2. The experience of personal salvation.
  3. The experience of the Spirit.
  4. Call experience/Being called by God.
  5. Corresponds to Scripture, though expands upon it.
74
Q

What are the arguments not in favor of experience?

A
  1. Too subjective?
  2. Changing the subject?
  3. The Elephant in the Room/You are trying to call to God.
  4. Individual and private.
75
Q

Experience is neither _________________, nor _________________.

A

rejecting the “social location”, Letting “social location” be the absolute norm.

76
Q

What is tradition?

A

The historic content of The Faith, as it has been practiced, handed down, and taught by The Church across time.

77
Q

What are the two types of teaching in tradition?

A
  1. Dogma (Binding Statements).
  2. Doctrine (Rules of Speech).
78
Q

What two things are at stake in tradition?

A
  1. Orthodoxy/Heresy (Rule of Worship).
  2. Level of Seriousness (“Adiaphora” v. Heresy).
79
Q

What is heresy?

A

Any fundamental violation of dogma or scripture.
*Usually statements that would affect salvation.

80
Q

What is adiaphora?

A

Being indifferent to things.

81
Q

What two things in tradition are handed down?

A
  1. Apostolic succession (Jesus to apostles to world).
  2. Catechesis(The process of learning the faith and learning to read scripture).
    *Stable.
82
Q

What two things in tradition are handed over?

A
  1. Doctrinal Development (John Henry Newman: This is good).
  2. An ongoing argument (Alasdair MacIntyre: Your belief will be constantly tested).
83
Q

What is a revelation?

A

An unveiling of what is already true. God’s self-disclosure saving knowledge of God and God’s purpose.

84
Q

What is general revelation?

A

God revealed through the created world and human conscience.

85
Q

What is natural law?

A

The thought that God placed moral structure into the natural world because God is order and he created the world, so therefore the world is ordered.

86
Q

What are the 2 caveats to general revelation?

A
  1. Finite.
  2. Sinful.
87
Q

What is special revelation?

A

God in Christ is the supreme manifestation of the nature and purpose of God.
*Revealed yet hidden.

88
Q

Where does the world revelation come from?

A

Apokalypsis.

89
Q

How many authors are there in The Bible?

A

40 authors.

90
Q

What are the books of the Pentateuch?

A
  1. Genesis.
  2. Exodus.
  3. Leviticus.
  4. Numbers.
  5. Deuteronomy.
91
Q

What are the historical books of the Old Testament?

A
  1. Joshua.
  2. Judges.
  3. Ruth.
  4. 1-2 Samuel.
  5. 1-2 Kings.
  6. 1-2 Chronicles.
  7. Ezra-Nehemiah.
  8. Esther.
92
Q

What are the poetic/wisdom books of the Old Testament?

A
  1. Job (Test Case).
  2. Psalms (themes vary).
  3. Proverbs.
  4. Ecclesiastes (Burden of Wisdom).
  5. Song of Songs (Lustful).
93
Q

What is the spirits of wisdom and folly personified as?

A

As women.

94
Q

What are the major prophets of The Old Testament?

A
  1. Isaiah.
  2. Jeremiah.
  3. Lamentations.
  4. Ezekiel.
  5. Daniel.
95
Q

What are the minor prophets of The Old Testament?

A
  1. Hosea.
  2. Joel.
  3. Amos.
  4. Obadiah.
  5. Jonah.
  6. Micah.
  7. Nahum.
  8. Habakkuk.
  9. Zephaniah.
  10. Haggai.
  11. Zechariah.
  12. Malachi.
96
Q

What are the gospels of the New Testament

A
  1. Matthew.
  2. Mark.
  3. Luke.
  4. John.
    *All biographies of Jesus.
97
Q

What are the books that cover early church history?

A
  1. Acts I.
  2. Acts II.
98
Q

What are the books of the Pauline Epistles in the New Testament?

A
  1. Romans.
  2. 1 and 2 Corinthians.
  3. Galatians.
  4. Ephesians.
  5. Philippians.
  6. Colossians.
  7. 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
  8. 1 and 2 Timothy.
  9. Titus.
  10. Philemon.
99
Q

What are the books in the General Epistles in the New Testament?

A
  1. Hebrews.
  2. James.
  3. 1 and 2 Peters.
  4. 1-3 John.
  5. Jude.
    *2-5 are saints.
100
Q

What is the last book of the New Testament?

A

Revelation.

101
Q

What is el shaddai?

A

God Almighty.

102
Q

What is ha-kadosh baruch hu?

A

Holy One, blessed be He.

103
Q

What is kadosh?

A

Holy.
*Literally separate.

104
Q

What is bore olam?

A

Creator of the world.

105
Q

What is av ha-rachamim?

A

Merciful Father.
*Womb-like.

106
Q

What are some other names for God?

A
  1. Healer.
  2. Redeemer.
  3. Sustainer.
107
Q

What is the logic behind The Trinity?

A

A. The revelation of God corresponds to God’s innermost life.
B. How God is expressed to us somehow reflects God’s being, God’s own life.
* If A and B add up and if God is expressed in personal ways (particularly 3 distinct personal ways); then there is a basis of the structure of The Trinity.

108
Q

What are the 3 ways that God’s divine love is expressed?

A
  1. Mutual self-giving.
  2. Community of sharing.
  3. Society of love.
    *Forms the BASIS of God’s history of love.
109
Q

What is the history of God’s love for the world narrated in?

A

Scripture.

110
Q

What is the first step of beginning with scripture?

A

The Witness (Old and New Testament).

111
Q

What is the second step of beginning with scripture?

A

Scripture (Aspects of The Trinity).

112
Q

What is the third step of beginning with scripture?

A

Interpreting the Witness through images and concepts (Reflection, not speculation).

113
Q

What are the two poles of the confession of The Trinity?

A
  1. God is One (Shema).
  2. God is Triune (The logic of Scripture).
114
Q

What is adoptionism?

A

The thought that Jesus was an ordinary man who lived a merit worthy life and was adopted by God, becoming The Son of God.
*Trinitarian Heresy.

115
Q

What is the problem with adoptionism?

A
  1. It makes it seems like if we live a good enough life, then that is how we get into heaven.
  2. It places Jesus in subordination to God.
116
Q

What is modalism/Sabellianism?

A

The belief that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are personas/masks that an entity named God wears therefore we do not truly know God.
*Trinitarian Heresy.

117
Q

What is the problem with modalism/Sabellianism?

A
  1. Patirpassianism.
  2. The River Jordan Conundrum.
  3. We do not have a relationship with God.
118
Q

What is arianism?

A

The thought that Jesus is God’s first and best creation. Jesus is SIMILAR to God, but is NOT the same as God.
*Trinitarian Heresy.

119
Q

What is the problem with arianism?

A
  1. Jesus has not always existed.
  2. Jesus is not eternal.
  3. Homoiousia v. Homoousia.
120
Q

What did early attempts of explaining The Trinity as utility look like?

A
  1. Spirit: Sustainer.
  2. Son: Redeemer.
  3. Father: Creator.
121
Q

What is the error with early attempts to explain The Trinity as utility?

A

It undermines the oneness of The Trinity. It is insufficient, not wrong.

122
Q

What did later consensus of explaining The Trinity as utility look like?

A

REL 103: Introduction to Christian Theology (3 decks)

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