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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic

A

Speeds up (mucus & GI)
Slows down heart rate

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2
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System does what?

A

Stimulates digestion (diarrhea)
Constricts pupils
Stimulate gallbladder- bile
Contracts bladder
Stimulates sex organs- lubricant

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3
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Slows down GI system
Dry mouth
Speeds up heart rate

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4
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A

Desirable Effects
Shrooms- no red tops
(Cholinergic Receptor)

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5
Q

Glaucoma is what?

A

Pressure on the optic nerve
Cholinergic drugs constricts pupil to decrease pressure
(loosens mesh around pupil allowing fluid to flow through)

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6
Q

Carboptic

A

Carbachol- 🚗
Manage glaucoma
Ointment
Constricts pupil (miosis)
Cholinergic

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7
Q

Pilocar

A

Pilocarpine-
Manage glaucoma
Ointment
Constricts pupil (miosis)
Cholinergic

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8
Q

Medical term for dilate

A

Madrasis

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal Atony

A

Without tone

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10
Q

Urecholine

A

Bethanechol- “for Bladder Control”
Sub Q injection or PO
Do not give if no bowel sounds
Give good GI assessment
For urinary retention
Pee every 4hrs
Track urinary output

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11
Q

Muscle on top of bladder

A

Detrusser muscle

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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Ptosis- eye droop
Drooping of mouth
Auto immune response
Dysphasia (possible G Tube)
Cholinergic

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13
Q

Mestinon

A

Pyridostigmine-
Myasthemia Gravis management
PO, IV, IM
Inhances acetylcholine (speeds up)
Cholinergic
Take 30min prior to food due to parasthalysis

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14
Q

Antilirium (A=Antidote)
( Anti-Cholinergic)

A

Physostigmine-
IV, IM (myasthenia Gravis)
Can help w/ Tricyclic antidepressant OD (Stronger than SSRI)
Cholinergic

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15
Q

Tensilon

A

Edrophonoum-
Diagnostic for Myasthenia Gravis
Helps movement (hand slap)
Adverse E- HypoTN, bradycardia, bradypenia
Cholinergic

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16
Q

Edrophonium (Tensilon) partner med for adverse effects

A

Atropine (speeds up heart)

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17
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Diagnose post Mortum
Brain weighs less

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18
Q

Aricept

A

Donazepril-
Alzheimer’s mgmnt
PO
Increases acetylcholine (speeds up)
Cholinergic
4-6wks for improvement

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19
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome Symptoms

A

Dry mouth, red eyes, tooth decay

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20
Q

Evoxac

A

Cevimeline-
For Sjogrens Syndrome
Increases salvation
Take 30min prior to eating
Cholinergic drug

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21
Q

Cholingeric Crisis

A

-Bronchospasms
-SLUDGE
Salvation, lacrimation, Urinary Incontinence, diarrhea, GI cramps, Emesis (vomiting)

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22
Q

Antidote for Cholinergic Crisis?

A

Atropine sulfate- increases heart rate.
Up to 1mg q 10min
And CPR
Iv
Anticholinergic

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23
Q

Bentyl

A

Dicyclomine- for IBS
PO, IV
Decreases parastalysis & mucus
Antispasmodic
Anticholinergic

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24
Q

Neurogenic OA Bladder can happen in what population?

A

Quadriplegic/ Tetraplegic

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25
Ditropan
Oxybutynin- for OAB “Ox on Bladder” PO, TD patch Causes Severe dry mouth Antispazmatic Anticholinergic
26
Vesicar
Solifenacin- for OAB PO Low chance of dry mouth Antispasmodic Anticholinergic
27
Motion sickness in car
Sit in the front seat or the back middle
28
Transdermal-Scop
Scopolamine- for Motion sickness “Scope in the ocean/motion sickness” IV, Patch (no bone or hair) 4-5hrs before travel Below/behind ear Lasts 3 days Anticholinergic
29
Robinul
Glycopyrrolate- For excessive secretions PO, IV Decays teeth Anticholinergic
30
Nicotine Receptor
Undesirable effects (Cholinergic Receptors)
31
Adverse/Side effects for Anticholinergic Drugs
Increases pulse Hallucinations Pupil dilation GI- decreased secretions Urinary retention Dry mouth
32
Contraindications for Anticholinergic Drugs
Glaucoma Myasthenia Gravis GI obstruction Acute Cardiovascular or Asthma
33
Antidote for Anticholinergic
Physistigmine (Antilirium) IV, IM Slows pulse Take continuous ekg
34
Meclizine
Antivert- for motion sickness PO Antihistamine Anticholinergic Most common for vertigo and motion sickness
35
Dimenhydrinate
(Dramamine) Antihistamine Anticholinergic Anti nausea & dizziness
36
Diphenhydramine
(Benadryl) Antihistamine Anticholinergic Anti nausea, dizziness
37
What do Antidopaminergic Drugs do?
Treats N/V and hiccups Blocks dopamine receptors Anticholinergic
38
Prochlorperazine
(Compazine)- for N/V & hiccups PR, IV, IM Most common in hospital Anticholinergic Antidopaminergic
39
Promethazine
(Phenergan) IM preferred IV- ok, not preferred NEVER intraarterial (amputation) Antidopaminergic Anticholinergic
40
Droperidol
(Inapsine)- post opp N/V Box warning Long QT syndrome Antidopaminergic Anticholinergic
41
Prokinetic Drugs treat?
N/V, delayed gastric emptying, and GERD Extrapyramidal effects- excessive movement in younger people
42
Metoclopramide “metal clip”
(Reglan)- pushes food in GI Treats gastropersis & GERD Can cause Tardive Dyskinesia (Worm movements) “lick lips for tarts”
43
Serotonin Blockers treat what?
Helps lower esophageal sphincter For post opp, chemo, and radiation induced N/V
44
Ondansetron
(Zofran) for N/V IV, PO 30-60 min before chemo Serotonin Blocker Antiemetic Cleft palate if in 1st trimester Adverse effects- HA, dizziness, bronchospasm
45
Granisetron
(Kytril) - chemo induced N/V Serotonin blocker Antiemetic
46
Tetrahydrocannabinoids do what?
Treat N/V & stimulates weight gain for HIV, AIDS, & CA No fruit without a peak due to aspergillosis fungus
47
Dronabinol
(Marinol)- N/V & increases hunger Synthetic PO Second line if other Antiemetics fail Tetrahydrocannabinoid
48
If you are dehydrated (adult), you need to at least urinate?
Every 8 hours
49
Acidosis
Extreme Diarrhea
50
Alkalosis
Extreme vomiting
51
Bismuth subsalicylate
(Peoti-Bismol)- anti diarrheal Absorbent PO DO NOT give to children (Rye synd)”rye bread” Adverse- black stool & dry mouth “Bathroom has black mold”
52
Diphenoxylate with Atropine “Dolphine tropics socks” poop
(Lomotil)- slows down gut Opiate PO Atropine decreases abd cramps Adverse effects- anticholinergic properties
53
Loperamide “loafers” poop off loafer
(Imodium A-D)- antidiarrheal Opiate Liquid & cap Rx and OTC
54
Belladonna alkaloid combinations
(Donnatal) antidiarrheal PO Combo of Atropine, hyoscyamine (cramps), phenobarbital (seizure), and scopolamine (cramping) Anticholinergic
55
Lactobacillus Acidophilus
(Bacid)- antidiarrheal PO Probiotic
56
Laxatives are used when
Constipation for 3+ days Opioid induced constipation Diverticulosis Hemorrhoids -Most misused OTC
57
Psyllium
(Metamucil, Fiberall) Bulk forming laxative Natural Drink w/ 8oz of water followed by another 8oz
58
Methylcellulose
(Citrucel) Bulk forming laxative Synthetic
59
Mineral oil
(Fleet Mineral Oil Enema) - laxative PO, enema Lubricated Emollient
60
Docusate
(Colace)- stool softener Brings in water No parastalasis
61
Glycerin
(Pedialax, Babylax)- laxative Hyperosomotic Liquid suppository Pulls fluid into colon
62
Lactulose
(Enulose)- laxative Hypersomotic Hepatic encephalopathy Decreases ammonia levels
63
Polyethylene glycol
(Golytely, Miralax)- laxative Hyperosomatic Powder Bowel cleaning before procedures
64
Magnesium salts
(Milk of magnesia, Epsom Salts) Saline laxative PO Tastes bad Rapid removal of unabsorbed poisons Contraindicated for Renal Patients
65
Senna
(Senokot) “sauna is relaxing” Stimulant laxative PO Side effects- cramping
66
Bisacodyl “bread”
(Dulcolax) Stimulant laxative PO, PR Most common stimulant laxative
67
Pancrealipase
(Creon) Pancreatitis PO- before meals Increases absorption of nutrients Decreased fat in stool
68
Alosetron
(Lotronex)- for IBS-D (diarrhea) Stop if constipation occurs
69
Rifaximin
(Xifaxan)- for IBS-D (diarrhea) Destroys good and bad bacteria Take with probiotic
70
Linacotide
(Linzess) For IBS-C (constipation)
71
Lupriprostone
(Amitiza) For IBS-C (constipation)
72
Cimetidine
(Tagamet) H2 antagonist- decrease acid Drug to drug interactions
73
Ranitidine
(Zantac) Most common heart burn medicine Pulled in 2020
74
Body’s painkillers
Endorphins
75
What transmits pain to the spinal cord and brain
Nociceptors
76
Chronic pain lasts
3-6 months
77
Morphine
(Duramorph, Roxanol) Slowed breathing up to 4hrs Check breathing q 30min-1hr Choice Rx for MI Itching
78
Methyl morphine
(Codeine) Only opioid with ceiling effect Benefits hit ceiling, adverse effects worsen (nausea and respiratory)
79
Hydrocodone
Combination medication Hydrocodone/ acetaminophen= Vicodin Soft tissue pain Surgical pain
80
Oxycodone
Stinger Oxycodone/acetaminophen= Percocet Bone pain and teeth pain
81
Hydro morphine
(Dilaudid) 7x more potent than morphine Common to overdose Commonly OD w/ ETOH
82
Meperidine
(Demerol) Synthetic ER- no more than 48hrs Normeperide is toxic No old people Metabolized in liver
83
Fentanyl
(Duragesic) Synthetic 100c more potent
84
Methadone
(Dolophine) Synthetic When addicted to heroine or opioids Slow release long duration
85
Opioid overdose
Respiratory depression Pinpoint pupils (miosis) Coma
86
Opioid Antagonist
Naloxone (Narcan) Combative
87
Tramadol
(Ultram) Moderate to severe pain
88
Acetaminophen Dosing
Maximum of 4,000 mg/day
89
Phenazopyridine
(Pyridium)-UTIs May leak urine Can stain contact lenses Red/orange urine
90
Calsaicin cream
Topical analgesic Burning sensation Muscle aches, RA
91
Hypothyroidism
Low thyroid hormone Increased levels of TSH Hashimotos Fatigue Constipation- slow GI Weight gain
92
Levothyroxine
(Synthroid) T4 1 tab daily in morning Side effects- tachy, diarrhea, sweating, weight loss
93
Liothyronine
(Cytomel, Triostat) T3
94
Armour Thyroid
T3 & T4 Comes from pigs
95
Hyperthyroidism
Low TSH Graves’ disease No appetite, weight loss, goiter, eyes, heat
96
Propytjiouracil
PTU- hyperthyroid T3 & T4 Only use in 1st trimester of pregnancy (mental/cleft lip)
97
Methimazole
(Tapazole) Hyoerthyroid Only after 1st trimester Abortion
98
What destroys the thyroid gland if wanted?
Radioactive iodine. No pregnancy women. Up to 6 months Report metallic taste Sleep alone for 3-5 nights No physical 7 days 6ft rule Daily shower Lots of fluids Wipe toilet
99
Thyroid Nursing implications
TSH lab 0.5-4 Check for pregnancy Activity assessment Weight loss or gain
100
Adrenal gland
Adrenal medulla (inside) Adrenal cortex (outside)
101
Aminoglutethimide
(Cytadren) “glute baby’s” Cushing’s syndrome(too much cortisol/steroid) Blocks production of corticosteroids
102
Hydrocortisone
(Cortef)- Addisons Disease (weakness/HypoTN) Glucocorticoid
103
Fludrocortisone
(Florinef) Mineralcorticoid For stress dosing (Addisons- can’t handle stress) 3x daily for 3 days
104
Adverse effects of steroids
Weight gain Edema GI upset Osteopenia Hirsutism Fragile skin Hyperglycemia

Pharm (5 decks)

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