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Pharm > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cholinergic

A

Speeds up (mucus & GI)
Slows down heart rate

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2
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System does what?

A

Stimulates digestion (diarrhea)
Constricts pupils
Stimulate gallbladder- bile
Contracts bladder
Stimulates sex organs- lubricant

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3
Q

Anticholinergic

A

Slows down GI system
Dry mouth
Speeds up heart rate

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4
Q

Muscarinic receptor

A

Desirable Effects
Shrooms- no red tops
(Cholinergic Receptor)

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5
Q

Glaucoma is what?

A

Pressure on the optic nerve
Cholinergic drugs constricts pupil to decrease pressure
(loosens mesh around pupil allowing fluid to flow through)

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6
Q

Carboptic

A

Carbachol- 🚗
Manage glaucoma
Ointment
Constricts pupil (miosis)
Cholinergic

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7
Q

Pilocar

A

Pilocarpine-
Manage glaucoma
Ointment
Constricts pupil (miosis)
Cholinergic

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8
Q

Medical term for dilate

A

Madrasis

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal Atony

A

Without tone

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10
Q

Urecholine

A

Bethanechol- “for Bladder Control”
Sub Q injection or PO
Do not give if no bowel sounds
Give good GI assessment
For urinary retention
Pee every 4hrs
Track urinary output

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11
Q

Muscle on top of bladder

A

Detrusser muscle

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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

Ptosis- eye droop
Drooping of mouth
Auto immune response
Dysphasia (possible G Tube)
Cholinergic

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13
Q

Mestinon

A

Pyridostigmine-
Myasthemia Gravis management
PO, IV, IM
Inhances acetylcholine (speeds up)
Cholinergic
Take 30min prior to food due to parasthalysis

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14
Q

Antilirium (A=Antidote)
( Anti-Cholinergic)

A

Physostigmine-
IV, IM (myasthenia Gravis)
Can help w/ Tricyclic antidepressant OD (Stronger than SSRI)
Cholinergic

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15
Q

Tensilon

A

Edrophonoum-
Diagnostic for Myasthenia Gravis
Helps movement (hand slap)
Adverse E- HypoTN, bradycardia, bradypenia
Cholinergic

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16
Q

Edrophonium (Tensilon) partner med for adverse effects

A

Atropine (speeds up heart)

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17
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Diagnose post Mortum
Brain weighs less

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18
Q

Aricept

A

Donazepril-
Alzheimer’s mgmnt
PO
Increases acetylcholine (speeds up)
Cholinergic
4-6wks for improvement

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19
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome Symptoms

A

Dry mouth, red eyes, tooth decay

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20
Q

Evoxac

A

Cevimeline-
For Sjogrens Syndrome
Increases salvation
Take 30min prior to eating
Cholinergic drug

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21
Q

Cholingeric Crisis

A

-Bronchospasms
-SLUDGE
Salvation, lacrimation, Urinary Incontinence, diarrhea, GI cramps, Emesis (vomiting)

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22
Q

Antidote for Cholinergic Crisis?

A

Atropine sulfate- increases heart rate.
Up to 1mg q 10min
And CPR
Iv
Anticholinergic

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23
Q

Bentyl

A

Dicyclomine- for IBS
PO, IV
Decreases parastalysis & mucus
Antispasmodic
Anticholinergic

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24
Q

Neurogenic OA Bladder can happen in what population?

A

Quadriplegic/ Tetraplegic

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25
Q

Ditropan

A

Oxybutynin- for OAB “Ox on Bladder”
PO, TD patch
Causes Severe dry mouth
Antispazmatic
Anticholinergic

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26
Q

Vesicar

A

Solifenacin- for OAB
PO
Low chance of dry mouth
Antispasmodic
Anticholinergic

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27
Q

Motion sickness in car

A

Sit in the front seat or the back middle

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28
Q

Transdermal-Scop

A

Scopolamine- for Motion sickness
“Scope in the ocean/motion sickness”
IV, Patch (no bone or hair)
4-5hrs before travel
Below/behind ear
Lasts 3 days
Anticholinergic

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29
Q

Robinul

A

Glycopyrrolate-
For excessive secretions
PO, IV
Decays teeth
Anticholinergic

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30
Q

Nicotine Receptor

A

Undesirable effects
(Cholinergic Receptors)

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31
Q

Adverse/Side effects for Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Increases pulse
Hallucinations
Pupil dilation
GI- decreased secretions
Urinary retention
Dry mouth

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32
Q

Contraindications for Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Glaucoma
Myasthenia Gravis
GI obstruction
Acute Cardiovascular or Asthma

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33
Q

Antidote for Anticholinergic

A

Physistigmine (Antilirium)
IV, IM
Slows pulse
Take continuous ekg

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34
Q

Meclizine

A

Antivert- for motion sickness
PO
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic
Most common for vertigo and motion sickness

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35
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

(Dramamine)
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic
Anti nausea & dizziness

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36
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

(Benadryl)
Antihistamine
Anticholinergic
Anti nausea, dizziness

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37
Q

What do Antidopaminergic Drugs do?

A

Treats N/V and hiccups
Blocks dopamine receptors
Anticholinergic

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38
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

(Compazine)- for N/V & hiccups
PR, IV, IM
Most common in hospital
Anticholinergic
Antidopaminergic

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39
Q

Promethazine

A

(Phenergan)
IM preferred
IV- ok, not preferred
NEVER intraarterial (amputation)
Antidopaminergic
Anticholinergic

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40
Q

Droperidol

A

(Inapsine)- post opp N/V
Box warning
Long QT syndrome
Antidopaminergic
Anticholinergic

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41
Q

Prokinetic Drugs treat?

A

N/V, delayed gastric emptying, and GERD
Extrapyramidal effects- excessive movement in younger people

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42
Q

Metoclopramide “metal clip”

A

(Reglan)- pushes food in GI
Treats gastropersis & GERD
Can cause Tardive Dyskinesia
(Worm movements) “lick lips for tarts”

43
Q

Serotonin Blockers treat what?

A

Helps lower esophageal sphincter
For post opp, chemo, and radiation induced N/V

44
Q

Ondansetron

A

(Zofran) for N/V
IV, PO
30-60 min before chemo
Serotonin Blocker
Antiemetic
Cleft palate if in 1st trimester
Adverse effects- HA, dizziness, bronchospasm

45
Q

Granisetron

A

(Kytril) - chemo induced N/V
Serotonin blocker
Antiemetic

46
Q

Tetrahydrocannabinoids do what?

A

Treat N/V & stimulates weight gain for HIV, AIDS, & CA
No fruit without a peak due to aspergillosis fungus

47
Q

Dronabinol

A

(Marinol)- N/V & increases hunger
Synthetic
PO
Second line if other Antiemetics fail
Tetrahydrocannabinoid

48
Q

If you are dehydrated (adult), you need to at least urinate?

A

Every 8 hours

49
Q

Acidosis

A

Extreme Diarrhea

50
Q

Alkalosis

A

Extreme vomiting

51
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

A

(Peoti-Bismol)- anti diarrheal
Absorbent
PO
DO NOT give to children (Rye synd)”rye bread”
Adverse- black stool & dry mouth
“Bathroom has black mold”

52
Q

Diphenoxylate with Atropine
“Dolphine tropics socks” poop

A

(Lomotil)- slows down gut
Opiate
PO
Atropine decreases abd cramps
Adverse effects- anticholinergic properties

53
Q

Loperamide “loafers” poop off loafer

A

(Imodium A-D)- antidiarrheal
Opiate
Liquid & cap
Rx and OTC

54
Q

Belladonna alkaloid combinations

A

(Donnatal) antidiarrheal
PO
Combo of Atropine, hyoscyamine (cramps), phenobarbital (seizure), and scopolamine (cramping)
Anticholinergic

55
Q

Lactobacillus Acidophilus

A

(Bacid)- antidiarrheal
PO Probiotic

56
Q

Laxatives are used when

A

Constipation for 3+ days
Opioid induced constipation
Diverticulosis
Hemorrhoids
-Most misused OTC

57
Q

Psyllium

A

(Metamucil, Fiberall)
Bulk forming laxative
Natural
Drink w/ 8oz of water followed by another 8oz

58
Q

Methylcellulose

A

(Citrucel)
Bulk forming laxative
Synthetic

59
Q

Mineral oil

A

(Fleet Mineral Oil Enema) - laxative
PO, enema
Lubricated
Emollient

60
Q

Docusate

A

(Colace)- stool softener
Brings in water
No parastalasis

61
Q

Glycerin

A

(Pedialax, Babylax)- laxative
Hyperosomotic
Liquid suppository
Pulls fluid into colon

62
Q

Lactulose

A

(Enulose)- laxative
Hypersomotic
Hepatic encephalopathy
Decreases ammonia levels

63
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

(Golytely, Miralax)- laxative
Hyperosomatic
Powder
Bowel cleaning before procedures

64
Q

Magnesium salts

A

(Milk of magnesia, Epsom Salts)
Saline laxative
PO
Tastes bad
Rapid removal of unabsorbed poisons
Contraindicated for Renal Patients

65
Q

Senna

A

(Senokot) “sauna is relaxing”
Stimulant laxative
PO
Side effects- cramping

66
Q

Bisacodyl “bread”

A

(Dulcolax)
Stimulant laxative
PO, PR
Most common stimulant laxative

67
Q

Pancrealipase

A

(Creon)
Pancreatitis
PO- before meals
Increases absorption of nutrients
Decreased fat in stool

68
Q

Alosetron

A

(Lotronex)- for IBS-D (diarrhea)
Stop if constipation occurs

69
Q

Rifaximin

A

(Xifaxan)- for IBS-D (diarrhea)
Destroys good and bad bacteria
Take with probiotic

70
Q

Linacotide

A

(Linzess)
For IBS-C (constipation)

71
Q

Lupriprostone

A

(Amitiza)
For IBS-C (constipation)

72
Q

Cimetidine

A

(Tagamet)
H2 antagonist- decrease acid
Drug to drug interactions

73
Q

Ranitidine

A

(Zantac)
Most common heart burn medicine
Pulled in 2020

74
Q

Body’s painkillers

A

Endorphins

75
Q

What transmits pain to the spinal cord and brain

A

Nociceptors

76
Q

Chronic pain lasts

A

3-6 months

77
Q

Morphine

A

(Duramorph, Roxanol)
Slowed breathing up to 4hrs
Check breathing q 30min-1hr
Choice Rx for MI
Itching

78
Q

Methyl morphine

A

(Codeine)
Only opioid with ceiling effect
Benefits hit ceiling, adverse effects worsen (nausea and respiratory)

79
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Combination medication
Hydrocodone/ acetaminophen= Vicodin
Soft tissue pain
Surgical pain

80
Q

Oxycodone

A

Stinger
Oxycodone/acetaminophen= Percocet
Bone pain and teeth pain

81
Q

Hydro morphine

A

(Dilaudid)
7x more potent than morphine
Common to overdose
Commonly OD w/ ETOH

82
Q

Meperidine

A

(Demerol)
Synthetic
ER- no more than 48hrs
Normeperide is toxic
No old people
Metabolized in liver

83
Q

Fentanyl

A

(Duragesic)
Synthetic
100c more potent

84
Q

Methadone

A

(Dolophine)
Synthetic
When addicted to heroine or opioids
Slow release long duration

85
Q

Opioid overdose

A

Respiratory depression
Pinpoint pupils (miosis)
Coma

86
Q

Opioid Antagonist

A

Naloxone (Narcan)
Combative

87
Q

Tramadol

A

(Ultram)
Moderate to severe pain

88
Q

Acetaminophen Dosing

A

Maximum of 4,000 mg/day

89
Q

Phenazopyridine

A

(Pyridium)-UTIs
May leak urine
Can stain contact lenses
Red/orange urine

90
Q

Calsaicin cream

A

Topical analgesic
Burning sensation
Muscle aches, RA

91
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low thyroid hormone
Increased levels of TSH
Hashimotos
Fatigue
Constipation- slow GI
Weight gain

92
Q

Levothyroxine

A

(Synthroid)
T4
1 tab daily in morning
Side effects- tachy, diarrhea, sweating, weight loss

93
Q

Liothyronine

A

(Cytomel, Triostat)
T3

94
Q

Armour Thyroid

A

T3 & T4
Comes from pigs

95
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Low TSH
Graves’ disease
No appetite, weight loss, goiter, eyes, heat

96
Q

Propytjiouracil

A

PTU- hyperthyroid
T3 & T4
Only use in 1st trimester of pregnancy (mental/cleft lip)

97
Q

Methimazole

A

(Tapazole) Hyoerthyroid
Only after 1st trimester
Abortion

98
Q

What destroys the thyroid gland if wanted?

A

Radioactive iodine. No pregnancy women.
Up to 6 months
Report metallic taste
Sleep alone for 3-5 nights
No physical 7 days
6ft rule
Daily shower
Lots of fluids
Wipe toilet

99
Q

Thyroid Nursing implications

A

TSH lab 0.5-4
Check for pregnancy
Activity assessment
Weight loss or gain

100
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medulla (inside)
Adrenal cortex (outside)

101
Q

Aminoglutethimide

A

(Cytadren) “glute baby’s”
Cushing’s syndrome(too much cortisol/steroid)
Blocks production of corticosteroids

102
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

(Cortef)- Addisons Disease (weakness/HypoTN)
Glucocorticoid

103
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

(Florinef)
Mineralcorticoid
For stress dosing (Addisons- can’t handle stress)
3x daily for 3 days

104
Q

Adverse effects of steroids

A

Weight gain
Edema
GI upset
Osteopenia
Hirsutism
Fragile skin
Hyperglycemia

Pharm (5 decks)

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