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Pharm > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three different names for each drug

A
  • Chemical
  • Generic
  • Trade (Brand)
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2
Q

Lethal/ Effective Dose

A

Higher therapeutic index= Safer
Lower therapeutic index= Less safe

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3
Q

Therapeutic Index (TI) Equation

A

Lethal Dose(50) / Effective Dose(50)

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4
Q

Different ways of of absrption

A

Oral / Gastric mucosa
Small intestine
Rectum

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5
Q

Sublingual/ Buccal Route

A

Tongue and back of cheeks
Bypasses the liver

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6
Q

Parenteral Route

A

Fastest route
ID, IM, SubQ, IV, intrathecally (epidural)

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7
Q

Topical Route

A

Skin, eyes, ears, nose, rectum, vagina, lungs
Slow onset prolonged offset

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8
Q

Transdermal Route

A

Adhesive drug patch
Consistent delivery
Bypasses liver

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9
Q

Most common side effects of medications

A

Nausea and Vomiting

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10
Q

How long does IV media take to work?

A

5-15 min

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11
Q

How long do PO MEDS take to work

A

30min- 1hr

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12
Q

When are you most likely to make a mistake in your shift?

A

1st and last 30 min of shift

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13
Q

Meds that do not want you to take with food, what is the rule?

A

No food 1 hour before or 2 hours after

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14
Q

Why are meds more toxic to infants? Especially topical?

A

Due to small Body Surface Area

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15
Q

Rules for Transdermal (patches)

A

Put on near area of pain
Do not put over bone
Put in gloves
Change places

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16
Q

GI issues and Meds

A

Diarrhea- less absorption
Constipation- more absorption

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17
Q

Organs for metabolism

A

Liver
Kidneys
Skeletal muscle
Lungs
Plasma
Intestinal Mucosa

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18
Q

How do we Excrete drugs?

A

Urine
Sweat
Saliva
Expelled air
Breast milk

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19
Q

Organs for Excretion

A

Kidneys and liver
Bowel
Biliary excretion
Enterohepatic recirculation

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20
Q

Highest blood level

A

Peak level

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21
Q

Lowest blood level in therapeutic range

A

Trough Level

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22
Q

Grapefruit

A

No MAOIs
Stop 3 days before and 3 days after
Can cause malignant hypertension

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23
Q

Antihistamines make you drowsy, which also….

A

Slows down peristalsis.. GI movement

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24
Q

Benadryl

A

Diphenhydramine
-traditional
-peripheral and central acting

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25
Q

Other traditional Antihistamines

A

Chloroheniramine (Chloe-Trimeton)

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26
Q

Claritin

A

Loratidine
-Non-sedating
-Peripheral
-Does not work centrally( doesn’t cause drowsiness)

27
Q

Other Nonsedating Antihistamines

A

Zyrtec-cetirizine
Clarinet- desloratadine
Allegra- fexofenadine

28
Q

For allergy testing you should stop taking allergy meds…

A

4 days prior

29
Q

What medical condition do you watch out for with use of nasal sprays?

A

Can increase glaucoma

30
Q

Afarin is a …

A

Decongestant
-Can get rebound congestion for 24-48hrs
-Don’t take more than 3 days

31
Q

This kind of spray does not make glaucoma worse

A

Intra-nasal Steroid
-no rebound congestion
-can suppress immune system & cause nasal infection

32
Q

Fluticasone nasal spray and inhaler

A

Nasal- Flonase
Inhaler- Flovent

33
Q

If you have to take a PO allergy med and a nasal spray, what time do you take each?

A

Po allergy in AM
Nasal spray- PM

34
Q

Honey has …… which breaks down mucus

A

Amylase

35
Q

Generic name for Vicks and Robitussin

A

Dextromethorphan
-dizziness, drowsiness, nausea

36
Q

Tessalon Perles

A

Benzonatate
-dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, sedation

37
Q

What do expectorants do?

A

Break down mucus and thin out secretions

38
Q

Mucinex & Robitussin

A

Guaifenesin
- N/V and gastric irritation

39
Q

Retractions start…. then as they …, the retractions go…….This means the symptoms are …..

A

Retractions start at the top , then as they get worse, the retractions go down. This means the symptoms are worsening.

40
Q

Bronchodilator classes

A
  1. B-adrenergic antagonist
  2. Anticholinergics
  3. Xanthine derivatives
41
Q

Short active Beta Agonists

A

Rescue (asthma & sports)
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir)
Inhaled ( Inh or Neb) *Best
Oral PO

42
Q

Long Acting Beta Agonists

A

Maintenance (Asthma & COPD)
12-24 hrs
Salameterol
Use with steroid
(salmetrol & fluticasone= Advair)

43
Q

At risk for asthma related deaths

A

African American
HTN

44
Q

Steroids do what to the body?

A

Suppress immune system and slow down bone production

45
Q

Rinse mouth and spit after…

A

Steroid inhaler
so you don’t get thrush

46
Q

Medications with -ide and -one are?

A

Steroids

47
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Slow down
-dry mouth, constipation
-bronchodilator

48
Q

Atrovent

A

Ipratropium
-Anticholinergic
-can use with albuterol (short acting) to make a Duoneb (active attack)

49
Q

Spiriva

A

Tiotropium
- anticholinergic
-longer effect on bronchial trees

50
Q

Xanthine Derivative

A

Used for Severe asthmatic
Metabolizes into caffeine
Speeds up pulse

51
Q

Theo-Dur

A

Theophylline
-xanthine derivative
-Therapeutic range 10-20 mcg/mL

52
Q

Another Xanthine Derivative

A

Aminophylline
-prodrug (needs good liver)

53
Q

Leukotrienes

A

-Causes inflammation, -bronchoconstriction & mucus production
-coughing, wheezing, SOB

54
Q

Singular

A

Montelukast
-blocks leukotrienes
-causes nausea
Behavioral changes in children
-aggression, nightmares, depression

55
Q

Corticosteroids do what?

A

Reduces inflammation
Bronchodilation
Slows remodeling of lungs
-can get dry mouth

56
Q

You can develop COPD from

A

Smoking
Environmental
Uncontrolled asthma

57
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone- Flovent
Budesonide- Pulmicort
Beclomethasone- Qvar
Mometasine- Asmanex
Triamcinolone- Azmacort

58
Q

Risks for Corticosteroids

A

Bone loss
Growth issues (pediatric)
Infection risk (lowers immune)
Blood sugar

59
Q

Oral & IV corticosteroids

A

-Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol Injection & Medrol Tablet)
-Prednisone (Orapred, Deltasone)
-Dexamethasone (Decadron)

60
Q

What do Adrenergic Antagonists do?

A

Bronchodilates so you can breathe and stops Vasoconstriction bringing blood pressure back up.

61
Q

Do you blow or suck for a peak flow?

A

Blow out

62
Q

Inhaler Facts

A

90% of dose will get in lungs with spacer
Breathe in and out for 30 sec
Wait 1 min before each puff
Wait 5min between two inhalers
Albuterol before steroid

63
Q

Kidney levels 1-10-100

A

Serum Creatinine 0.7-1.2 mg/dL (1)
Bun 7-20 (10)
Creatinine clearance 96-140 (100)

64
Q

A reaction that is genetic

A

Idiocentric Reaction

Pharm (5 decks)

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