Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Garment comfort depends on:
A
Fabric, cut, fit, temperature, static, skin abrasion, absorbency or wickability
2
Q
What causes static?
A
Low moisture
3
Q
Subjective assessment of a textile material obtained from the sense of touch
A
Fabric hand
4
Q
Fabric characteristics that affect stiffness, drape, and hand
A
Construction, thickness, fiber type, fiber/yarn size
5
Q
Eight physical properties of textiles related to hand
A
Flexibility, compressibility, extendibility, resilience, density, surface contour, surface friction, and thermal character
6
Q
The ease of bending a piece of material
A
Flexibility
7
Q
The ease of squeezing a piece of material
A
Compressibility
8
Q
The ease of stretching a piece of material
A
Extendibility
9
Q
Which machine tests extendibility?
A
Instron
10
Q
The ability of a material to recover from deformation
A
Resilience
11
Q
Which machine tests flexibility?
A
Flex abrader
12
Q
Which machine tests resilience?
A
Wrinkle tester
13
Q
A material’s mass per unit volume
A
Density
14
Q
Which machine tests density?
A
Fabric thickness apparatus
15
Q
Divergence of the surface from planeness; the surface’s smoothness or roughness
A
Surface contour
16
Q
The material’s resistance to slipping
A
Surface friction
17
Q
Which machine tests surface friction?
A
Instron with slide attachment
18
Q
The apparent difference in temperature of a material and the skin of the observer touching it
A
Thermal character
19
Q
Which fabrics feel cool?
A
Cotton and silk
20
Q
Which fabrics feel warm?
A
Flocked and fuzzy, e.g. flannel, fur, fleece
21
Q
The way a material deforms or folds when arranged or hung loosely
A
Fabric drape
22
Q
The deformation of a material in which adjacent portions slide past one another
A
Shearing
23
Q
Accurate standard measurements of a garment taken at various measurement points
A
Size specifications
24
Q
Data gathered from researching body dimensions, sizes, and shapes of humans to draw comparisons
A
Anthropometric measurements
25
What can be used to remove static from fabric?
Water, dryer sheets, static guard
26
Why cut on cross-grain?
When using border prints or when there is a close ratio between the warp and filling
27
Three main areas of safety and protective textile products
Flammability, toxicity, and protective clothing
28
CPSC stands for and regulates…
Consumer Product Safety Commission; flammability
29
EPA stands for and regulates…
Environmental Protection Agency; toxicity
30
OSHA stands for and regulates…
Occupational Health and Safety Administration; protective clothing
31
Burns but never with a flame
Nonflammable
32
Will not burn
Noncombustible
33
Extinguishes the flame after it is ignited, regardless if the source of ignition is removed
Flame resistant
34
A finish applied to give a material flame resistance
Flame retardant
35
What is the difference between flame resistance and flame retardant?
Retardant is a finish; resistance extinguishes a flame
36
Law designed to keep dangerously flammable apparel fabrics off the US market
The Flammable Fabrics Act
37
Which garment led to the Flammable Fabrics Act?
Torch sweaters
38
What did the Flammable Fabrics Act require?
All fabrics used in wearing apparel must pass a 45° flammability test
39
What is the CFR standard for flammability?
16CFR 1610, Standard Flammability of Clothing Textiles—General Wearing Apparel
40
CFR stands for…
Code of Federal Regulations
41
What is the CFR standard for children's sleepwear? (0-6x, 7-14)
16CFR 1615, Standard for Children's Sleepwear sizes 0-6x; 16CFR 1616, Standard for Children's Sleepwear sizes 7-14
42
What test is used for flammability of children's sleepwear?
Vertical flammability test
43
What are the two ways that flammability standards can be met?
1. Cellulose fiber blends with flame retardant treatments are used.
2. Fibers with sufficient inherent flame resistance are used.
44
Which fibers have sufficient flame resistance?
Nylon, modacrylic, and novoloid
45
Flame retardant finish applied to polyester or acetate
TRIS
46
What flame retardant finish is banned for use in children's sleepwear and why? What has it been used in recently?
TRIS; suspected carcinogen; car seats, changing pads, nursing pillows, baby carriers
47
Which children's sleepwear does not require a flame retardant finish?
Tight-fitting, cotton apparel
48
What are the flammability classes and their burn times?
Class 1: Normal flammability; greater than 7 seconds
Class 2: Intermediate flammability; between 4-7 seconds
Class 3: Rapid and intense burning; less than 4 seconds
49
Which class of flammability is illegal to sell in the US?
Class 3
50
What are fabric properties affecting flammability?
Fiber content, fabric weight, fabric finishes, fabric construction
51
Any health hazards attributed to the fibers, dyes, or finishes in a textile product
Toxicity
52
Law designed to identify and regulate potentially hazardous substances prior to manufacturing and sale
Toxic Substances Control Act
53
Fabrics with specific properties to protect wearers under specific conditions that may be hazardous
Protective clothing
54
What are the two areas of concern for protective clothing?
Chemical and biohazard barriers; protection from UV radiation
55
Which kinds of fabric are used to protect against hazardous applications?
Nylon and polyester fabrics coated with synthetic rubber, polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride
56
What is the construction of protective apparel?
Electronically sealed at the seams; elastic at the wrists; closures are protected by flaps
57
What are external factors that affect fabric performance?
Organisms, atmospheric contaminants, and weather
58
Three examples of organisms
Insects, fungus, bacteria
59
Two insects that physically damage textiles
Moths and carpet beetles
60
Which fungus grows in warm, moist conditions?
Mildew
61
Grows in damp or wet textiles; typically does not cause physical damage to textiles; can harm the user/wearer
Bacteria
62
Provides protection against any type of microorganism
Antimicrobial
63
Provides protection against bacteria
Antibacterial
64
Protects against pathogenic fungi
Antimycotic
65
Difference between -stat and -cide
-state inhibits growth; -cide kills
66
What does bacteriostat do?
Stops the growth of bacteria
67
What does bactericide do?
Kills bacteria
68
An agent that kills certain microorganisms
Disinfectant
69
Reduces the number of microorganisms
Sanitizer
70
Protect against damage from organisms and can enhance the safety of the wearer
Finishes
71
What is the issue with finishes?
Their effectiveness wears off through repeated refurbishments
72
Associated with industrial growth
Atmospheric contaminants
73
How do atmospheric contaminants affect fabric?
Cause loss of fiber strength and color
74
Exposure to climatic conditions
Weathering
75
What does weathering cause?
Loss of fiber strength, color, and poor abrasion resistance
76
The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; after minimal exposure, water penetration will occur
Water resistance
77
The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; after continued exposure, water penetration will occur
Water repellency
78
The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; water penetration may eventually occur after prolonged exposure
Water proof
79
What is the order of penetration from least resistant to most resistant of wetting?
Water resistance, water repellency, and water proof
80
What substance used in refurbishment negates flame retardant?
Fabric softener
81
Why is synthetic rubber used in protective apparel?
Organic rubber deteriorates when mixed with bodily oils
82
Which organisms physically damage apparel?
Insects and fungi
83
Single thread, formed with one needle thread which interloops with itself; will unravel when it is cut or broken
100 chain stitches
84
What are 100 chain stitches used for?
Blind hems
85
Can be functional or decorative; machine imitations of hand stitches
200 hand stitches
86
Plain, straight stitch; same on both sides; formed with two threads; will not ravel out
300 lock stitches
87
What are the two threads used in 300 lock stitches?
Needle and bobbin
88
What are 300 lock stitches used for?
Seaming, topstitching, back tacking, and blind hemming
89
Appearance similar to chain stitch on back and lock stitches on face
400 multithread chain stitches
90
What are 400 multithread chain stitches used for?
Main seaming
91
Stitches formed over the edge of the cut fabric, thus finishing the edge or seam
500 overedge chain stitches
92
What are 500 overedge chain stitches used for?
Main seaming
93
Covered effect on both sides; formed using four or more threads
600 covering chain stitches
94
What are 600 covering chain stitches used for?
Main seaming of knitted fabrics
95
Which is the strongest of all stitches?
400 multithread chain stitches
96
Name the stitch classifications
100 chain stitches, 200 hand stitches, 300 lock stitches, 400 multithread chain stitches, 500 overedge chain stitches, 600 covering chain stitches
97
Sewn with a lock, multithread chain, chain, or overedge stitch; constructed in one operation
SS superimposed seams (ASTM); ISO class 1
98
What are superimposed seams used for?
The side seams of trousers, skirts, blouses, and inseams of jeans and pants
99
Sewn with a lock, multithread chain or chain stitch; overlap two plies of fabric, fold in raw edges and double stitch
LS lapped seams (ASTM); ISO class 2
100
What are lapped seams used for?
Shirts, jeans, overalls, and flags
101
Why use lapped seams?
Durability and appearance
102
Why use superimposed seams?
Strength
103
Sewn with a chain, lock, multithread chain, or cover stitch; edge of the fabric is sandwiched between the binding and sewn
BS bound seams (ASTM); ISO class 3
104
What are bound seams used for?
To finish edges of garments or components such as necklines, short sleeves, and sleeveless tops
105
Why use bound seams?
Appearance and function of finishing raw edges
106
Sewn with a cover stitch or zigzag variation of lock stitch; placing two pieces of fabric together with edges touching and using a flat seam stitch to join the two pieces
FS flat seams (ASTM); ISO class 4
107
What are flat seams used for?
Seams of sweatshirts, lingerie, and thermals/long underwear
108
Why use flat seams?
Stretch, flat smooth construction
109
Sewn with a chain, lock, or multithread chain stitch; stitching adds ornamentation by creating straight or curved lines or a design detail to add interest to a garment
OS ornamental stitching (ASTM); ISO class 5
110
What is ornamental stitching used for?
Cording, piping, tucking, welting, box or inverted pleating, and decorative stitching
111
Sewn with a chain, lock, multithread chain, overedge, or cover stitch; stitching that encompasses a cut edge or provides a finish for a single ply of fabric with a folded edge configuration
EF edge finish (ASTM); ISO classes 6, 7, 8
112
What are edge finishes used for?
Hems and facings
113
What are the seam classifications?
SS superimposed seam (ISO class 1), LS lapped seam (ISO class 2), BS bound seam (ISO class 3), FS flat seam (ISO class 4), OS ornamental stitching (ISO class 5), EF edge finish (ISO classes 6, 7, 8)
114
Which is the most widely used seam?
SS superimposed seam, ISO class 1
115
What are alternatives to stitched seams?
Knit-and-wear, thermal bonding, laser welding, ultrasonic sealing
116
What is knit-and-wear used for?
Hosiery, undergarments, shape wear, performance and athletic apparel
117
What is the pro and the con to knit-and-wear?
Highest quality; most expensive to produce
118
What is the difference between seamless garments and stitchless seams?
Seamless garments do not have seams
119
What are the advantages to stitchless seams?
Reduction of garment weight, increased comfort, enhanced appearance, greater stretch, high quality seams, prevents penetration from liquids and gasses
120
Used in thermal bonded seams
Thermoplastic film adhesives
121
Thermal bonded seams are glued with these four chemicals
Polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)
122
With which fibers can thermal bonded seams be used?
Synthetic, cellulose-based, and protein-based
123
Laser absorbing fluid is placed on contact surfaces at the seam; infrared laser is transmitted through material to melt fibers where fluid is applied to join the seam
Laser welded seams
124
With which fibers can laser welded seams be used?
Only a few thermoplastic fibers without fluid; many others with fluid
125
High frequency sound wave vibrations cause friction between fibers, generating heat that melts and fuses the seam within 2-3 seconds
Ultrasonic sealing
126
With which fibers can ultrasonic sealing be used?
Only thermoplastic fibers
127
Used to cut and seal the raw edge of the fabric to prevent raveling
Ultrasonic slitting
