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Textile Test and Analysis > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Garment comfort depends on:

A

Fabric, cut, fit, temperature, static, skin abrasion, absorbency or wickability

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2
Q

What causes static?

A

Low moisture

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3
Q

Subjective assessment of a textile material obtained from the sense of touch

A

Fabric hand

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4
Q

Fabric characteristics that affect stiffness, drape, and hand

A

Construction, thickness, fiber type, fiber/yarn size

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5
Q

Eight physical properties of textiles related to hand

A

Flexibility, compressibility, extendibility, resilience, density, surface contour, surface friction, and thermal character

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6
Q

The ease of bending a piece of material

A

Flexibility

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7
Q

The ease of squeezing a piece of material

A

Compressibility

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8
Q

The ease of stretching a piece of material

A

Extendibility

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9
Q

Which machine tests extendibility?

A

Instron

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10
Q

The ability of a material to recover from deformation

A

Resilience

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11
Q

Which machine tests flexibility?

A

Flex abrader

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12
Q

Which machine tests resilience?

A

Wrinkle tester

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13
Q

A material’s mass per unit volume

A

Density

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14
Q

Which machine tests density?

A

Fabric thickness apparatus

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15
Q

Divergence of the surface from planeness; the surface’s smoothness or roughness

A

Surface contour

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16
Q

The material’s resistance to slipping

A

Surface friction

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17
Q

Which machine tests surface friction?

A

Instron with slide attachment

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18
Q

The apparent difference in temperature of a material and the skin of the observer touching it

A

Thermal character

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19
Q

Which fabrics feel cool?

A

Cotton and silk

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20
Q

Which fabrics feel warm?

A

Flocked and fuzzy, e.g. flannel, fur, fleece

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21
Q

The way a material deforms or folds when arranged or hung loosely

A

Fabric drape

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22
Q

The deformation of a material in which adjacent portions slide past one another

A

Shearing

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23
Q

Accurate standard measurements of a garment taken at various measurement points

A

Size specifications

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24
Q

Data gathered from researching body dimensions, sizes, and shapes of humans to draw comparisons

A

Anthropometric measurements

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25
Q

What can be used to remove static from fabric?

A

Water, dryer sheets, static guard

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26
Q

Why cut on cross-grain?

A

When using border prints or when there is a close ratio between the warp and filling

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27
Q

Three main areas of safety and protective textile products

A

Flammability, toxicity, and protective clothing

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28
Q

CPSC stands for and regulates…

A

Consumer Product Safety Commission; flammability

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29
Q

EPA stands for and regulates…

A

Environmental Protection Agency; toxicity

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30
Q

OSHA stands for and regulates…

A

Occupational Health and Safety Administration; protective clothing

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31
Q

Burns but never with a flame

A

Nonflammable

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32
Q

Will not burn

A

Noncombustible

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33
Q

Extinguishes the flame after it is ignited, regardless if the source of ignition is removed

A

Flame resistant

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34
Q

A finish applied to give a material flame resistance

A

Flame retardant

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35
Q

What is the difference between flame resistance and flame retardant?

A

Retardant is a finish; resistance extinguishes a flame

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36
Q

Law designed to keep dangerously flammable apparel fabrics off the US market

A

The Flammable Fabrics Act

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37
Q

Which garment led to the Flammable Fabrics Act?

A

Torch sweaters

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38
Q

What did the Flammable Fabrics Act require?

A

All fabrics used in wearing apparel must pass a 45° flammability test

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39
Q

What is the CFR standard for flammability?

A

16CFR 1610, Standard Flammability of Clothing Textiles—General Wearing Apparel

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40
Q

CFR stands for…

A

Code of Federal Regulations

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41
Q

What is the CFR standard for children’s sleepwear? (0-6x, 7-14)

A

16CFR 1615, Standard for Children’s Sleepwear sizes 0-6x; 16CFR 1616, Standard for Children’s Sleepwear sizes 7-14

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42
Q

What test is used for flammability of children’s sleepwear?

A

Vertical flammability test

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43
Q

What are the two ways that flammability standards can be met?

A
  1. Cellulose fiber blends with flame retardant treatments are used.
  2. Fibers with sufficient inherent flame resistance are used.
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44
Q

Which fibers have sufficient flame resistance?

A

Nylon, modacrylic, and novoloid

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45
Q

Flame retardant finish applied to polyester or acetate

A

TRIS

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46
Q

What flame retardant finish is banned for use in children’s sleepwear and why? What has it been used in recently?

A

TRIS; suspected carcinogen; car seats, changing pads, nursing pillows, baby carriers

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47
Q

Which children’s sleepwear does not require a flame retardant finish?

A

Tight-fitting, cotton apparel

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48
Q

What are the flammability classes and their burn times?

A

Class 1: Normal flammability; greater than 7 seconds
Class 2: Intermediate flammability; between 4-7 seconds
Class 3: Rapid and intense burning; less than 4 seconds

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49
Q

Which class of flammability is illegal to sell in the US?

A

Class 3

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50
Q

What are fabric properties affecting flammability?

A

Fiber content, fabric weight, fabric finishes, fabric construction

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51
Q

Any health hazards attributed to the fibers, dyes, or finishes in a textile product

A

Toxicity

52
Q

Law designed to identify and regulate potentially hazardous substances prior to manufacturing and sale

A

Toxic Substances Control Act

53
Q

Fabrics with specific properties to protect wearers under specific conditions that may be hazardous

A

Protective clothing

54
Q

What are the two areas of concern for protective clothing?

A

Chemical and biohazard barriers; protection from UV radiation

55
Q

Which kinds of fabric are used to protect against hazardous applications?

A

Nylon and polyester fabrics coated with synthetic rubber, polyurethane, or polyvinyl chloride

56
Q

What is the construction of protective apparel?

A

Electronically sealed at the seams; elastic at the wrists; closures are protected by flaps

57
Q

What are external factors that affect fabric performance?

A

Organisms, atmospheric contaminants, and weather

58
Q

Three examples of organisms

A

Insects, fungus, bacteria

59
Q

Two insects that physically damage textiles

A

Moths and carpet beetles

60
Q

Which fungus grows in warm, moist conditions?

A

Mildew

61
Q

Grows in damp or wet textiles; typically does not cause physical damage to textiles; can harm the user/wearer

A

Bacteria

62
Q

Provides protection against any type of microorganism

A

Antimicrobial

63
Q

Provides protection against bacteria

A

Antibacterial

64
Q

Protects against pathogenic fungi

A

Antimycotic

65
Q

Difference between -stat and -cide

A

-state inhibits growth; -cide kills

66
Q

What does bacteriostat do?

A

Stops the growth of bacteria

67
Q

What does bactericide do?

A

Kills bacteria

68
Q

An agent that kills certain microorganisms

A

Disinfectant

69
Q

Reduces the number of microorganisms

A

Sanitizer

70
Q

Protect against damage from organisms and can enhance the safety of the wearer

A

Finishes

71
Q

What is the issue with finishes?

A

Their effectiveness wears off through repeated refurbishments

72
Q

Associated with industrial growth

A

Atmospheric contaminants

73
Q

How do atmospheric contaminants affect fabric?

A

Cause loss of fiber strength and color

74
Q

Exposure to climatic conditions

A

Weathering

75
Q

What does weathering cause?

A

Loss of fiber strength, color, and poor abrasion resistance

76
Q

The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; after minimal exposure, water penetration will occur

A

Water resistance

77
Q

The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; after continued exposure, water penetration will occur

A

Water repellency

78
Q

The characteristic of a fabric to resist wetting and penetration of water; water penetration may eventually occur after prolonged exposure

A

Water proof

79
Q

What is the order of penetration from least resistant to most resistant of wetting?

A

Water resistance, water repellency, and water proof

80
Q

What substance used in refurbishment negates flame retardant?

A

Fabric softener

81
Q

Why is synthetic rubber used in protective apparel?

A

Organic rubber deteriorates when mixed with bodily oils

82
Q

Which organisms physically damage apparel?

A

Insects and fungi

83
Q

Single thread, formed with one needle thread which interloops with itself; will unravel when it is cut or broken

A

100 chain stitches

84
Q

What are 100 chain stitches used for?

A

Blind hems

85
Q

Can be functional or decorative; machine imitations of hand stitches

A

200 hand stitches

86
Q

Plain, straight stitch; same on both sides; formed with two threads; will not ravel out

A

300 lock stitches

87
Q

What are the two threads used in 300 lock stitches?

A

Needle and bobbin

88
Q

What are 300 lock stitches used for?

A

Seaming, topstitching, back tacking, and blind hemming

89
Q

Appearance similar to chain stitch on back and lock stitches on face

A

400 multithread chain stitches

90
Q

What are 400 multithread chain stitches used for?

A

Main seaming

91
Q

Stitches formed over the edge of the cut fabric, thus finishing the edge or seam

A

500 overedge chain stitches

92
Q

What are 500 overedge chain stitches used for?

A

Main seaming

93
Q

Covered effect on both sides; formed using four or more threads

A

600 covering chain stitches

94
Q

What are 600 covering chain stitches used for?

A

Main seaming of knitted fabrics

95
Q

Which is the strongest of all stitches?

A

400 multithread chain stitches

96
Q

Name the stitch classifications

A

100 chain stitches, 200 hand stitches, 300 lock stitches, 400 multithread chain stitches, 500 overedge chain stitches, 600 covering chain stitches

97
Q

Sewn with a lock, multithread chain, chain, or overedge stitch; constructed in one operation

A

SS superimposed seams (ASTM); ISO class 1

98
Q

What are superimposed seams used for?

A

The side seams of trousers, skirts, blouses, and inseams of jeans and pants

99
Q

Sewn with a lock, multithread chain or chain stitch; overlap two plies of fabric, fold in raw edges and double stitch

A

LS lapped seams (ASTM); ISO class 2

100
Q

What are lapped seams used for?

A

Shirts, jeans, overalls, and flags

101
Q

Why use lapped seams?

A

Durability and appearance

102
Q

Why use superimposed seams?

A

Strength

103
Q

Sewn with a chain, lock, multithread chain, or cover stitch; edge of the fabric is sandwiched between the binding and sewn

A

BS bound seams (ASTM); ISO class 3

104
Q

What are bound seams used for?

A

To finish edges of garments or components such as necklines, short sleeves, and sleeveless tops

105
Q

Why use bound seams?

A

Appearance and function of finishing raw edges

106
Q

Sewn with a cover stitch or zigzag variation of lock stitch; placing two pieces of fabric together with edges touching and using a flat seam stitch to join the two pieces

A

FS flat seams (ASTM); ISO class 4

107
Q

What are flat seams used for?

A

Seams of sweatshirts, lingerie, and thermals/long underwear

108
Q

Why use flat seams?

A

Stretch, flat smooth construction

109
Q

Sewn with a chain, lock, or multithread chain stitch; stitching adds ornamentation by creating straight or curved lines or a design detail to add interest to a garment

A

OS ornamental stitching (ASTM); ISO class 5

110
Q

What is ornamental stitching used for?

A

Cording, piping, tucking, welting, box or inverted pleating, and decorative stitching

111
Q

Sewn with a chain, lock, multithread chain, overedge, or cover stitch; stitching that encompasses a cut edge or provides a finish for a single ply of fabric with a folded edge configuration

A

EF edge finish (ASTM); ISO classes 6, 7, 8

112
Q

What are edge finishes used for?

A

Hems and facings

113
Q

What are the seam classifications?

A

SS superimposed seam (ISO class 1), LS lapped seam (ISO class 2), BS bound seam (ISO class 3), FS flat seam (ISO class 4), OS ornamental stitching (ISO class 5), EF edge finish (ISO classes 6, 7, 8)

114
Q

Which is the most widely used seam?

A

SS superimposed seam, ISO class 1

115
Q

What are alternatives to stitched seams?

A

Knit-and-wear, thermal bonding, laser welding, ultrasonic sealing

116
Q

What is knit-and-wear used for?

A

Hosiery, undergarments, shape wear, performance and athletic apparel

117
Q

What is the pro and the con to knit-and-wear?

A

Highest quality; most expensive to produce

118
Q

What is the difference between seamless garments and stitchless seams?

A

Seamless garments do not have seams

119
Q

What are the advantages to stitchless seams?

A

Reduction of garment weight, increased comfort, enhanced appearance, greater stretch, high quality seams, prevents penetration from liquids and gasses

120
Q

Used in thermal bonded seams

A

Thermoplastic film adhesives

121
Q

Thermal bonded seams are glued with these four chemicals

A

Polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)

122
Q

With which fibers can thermal bonded seams be used?

A

Synthetic, cellulose-based, and protein-based

123
Q

Laser absorbing fluid is placed on contact surfaces at the seam; infrared laser is transmitted through material to melt fibers where fluid is applied to join the seam

A

Laser welded seams

124
Q

With which fibers can laser welded seams be used?

A

Only a few thermoplastic fibers without fluid; many others with fluid

125
Q

High frequency sound wave vibrations cause friction between fibers, generating heat that melts and fuses the seam within 2-3 seconds

A

Ultrasonic sealing

126
Q

With which fibers can ultrasonic sealing be used?

A

Only thermoplastic fibers

127
Q

Used to cut and seal the raw edge of the fabric to prevent raveling

A

Ultrasonic slitting

Textile Test and Analysis (3 decks)

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