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IPE-213 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe communication overall

A

-essential function of any organism
- spoken, written & nonverbal
-includes gestures, touch, facial, eye expressions, movement & distance, appearance, symbols
- TeleHealth
- brief encounters
- all behavior is communication
- you can’t NOT communicate

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2
Q

Describe the Shannon-Weaver Model

A
  • encodes the message
  • transmits the message through a channel
  • message might encounter interference
  • receiver gets the message who interprets or decodes
  • receiver can either provide feedback or a reaction
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3
Q

What is tailoring

A

-involves development of programs
- adapting a existing program to a new situation

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4
Q

What is a key to developing & implementing health promotion interventions in communities

A

tailoring

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5
Q

What are the steps to adapting a program in tailoring

A
  • assessment of the problem (precede-procede)
  • formative research & identifying any existing EBP or strategies
  • ongoing evaluation & assessment to track how well the program is going during implementation
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6
Q

What is sustainability important

A

funding needs to be continued w/ support to empower the community to carry it out

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7
Q

Explain sustainability in a community

A

when funds diminish, the community has to have other ways to stick together to keep a program implemented by gathering grants and funding sources

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8
Q

What was the Heckler Report called in 1985

A

US Dept of Health & Human Services Task Force Report

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9
Q

What did the Heckler Report show

A
  • identified 6 specific issues that were major causes of disparities between minorities & the majority of the Caucasian American population
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10
Q

What were the 6 specific health issues that caused disparities in the Heckler Report

A
  • cancer
  • cardiovascular disease & stroke
  • diabetes
  • homicide & accidents
  • infant mortality
  • chemical dependency
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11
Q

What is the term health disparities refer to

A
  • difference in health status between the majority population & population subgroups
  • related to race, ethnicity & socioeconomic status still pervade the American health care system
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12
Q

What are the causes of health disparities

A
  • vulnerability
  • social economic circumstance
  • inadequate systems

All contribute significantly to difference in health status.

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13
Q

Why is SES (socioeconomic status) a key factor in disparities

A
  • its significant implications for health
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14
Q

What is low SES associated with

A
  • many health risks
  • lack of access to care
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15
Q

What are the CLAS Standards organizational strategies

A
  • American Indian or Alaskan Native
  • Asian
  • Black or African American
  • Hispanic or Latino
  • Native Hawaiian or other Pacidic Isalnder
  • White
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16
Q

What was the intention of the CLAS Standards

A
  • to advance health equity
  • improve quality
  • help eliminate healthcare disparities by establishing a blueprint for health & healthcare
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17
Q

What are the multilevel programs

A
  • REACH program
  • ## THRIVE program
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18
Q

What characteristics involved in the Social Cognitive Theory

A

-self efficacy
- behavioral capability
- outcome expectations
- outcome expectancies
- self control
- emotional coping

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19
Q

Environmental factors involved in Socail Cognitive Theory

A
  • vicarious learning
  • situation
  • reinforcement (+ and - )
  • reciprocal determinism
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20
Q

Environmental factors involved in Social Cognitive Theory

A
  • vicarious learning
  • situation
  • reinforcement (+ and - )
  • reciprocal determinism
21
Q

What are the 4 principles of social marketing

A

-product
- price
- place
- promotion

22
Q

Diffusions of Innovations (DOI)

A
  • process by which a behavior/technology makes its way into a population & is or is not adopted
23
Q

What is diffusion referring to DOI

A

the process by which innovation is communicated

24
Q

What is innovation referring to DOI

A
  • the behavior or technology that is seen by the population as new
25
Q

Categories of Adopters related to DOI

A
  • early adopters
  • early majority adopters (sit back & wait)
  • late majority adopters (sit back & see how the rest of the group is doing)
  • laggards (late to get on board)
26
Q

Key processes related to DOI

A
  • innovation development
  • dissemination
  • adoption
  • implementation
  • maintenance
27
Q

What does the Theory of Reasoned Action focus on

A
  • rational cognitive decision making
28
Q

Decisional balance in the Trans Theoretical Model is the process of

A
  • weighing pros & cons
29
Q

Use of Community Outreach Workers help

A
  • bring legitimacy to community projects
30
Q

In order to mobilize a community you must

A
  • define the community
  • assess the capacity for mobilizing
  • identify appropriate strategies for engagement
31
Q

The REACH model includes

A
  • includes community/system change innervations which can bring about a desired targeted group effect
32
Q

What is the Health Belief Model known as

A
  • value expectancy theory
33
Q

When was the Health Belief Model originated in

A

1950s

34
Q

Who developed the Health Belief Model

A
  • Hochbaum, Rosenstock & Kegels
35
Q

Describe the Health Belief Model

A
  • ppl will engage in healthy behavior
  • they value the outcome of behavior
36
Q

What is health behavior motivated by

A
  • perceived susceptibility (‘perceived’ risk that a health problem will develop)
  • perceived severity (outcome is ‘severe’)
  • perceived benefits (outcome + from action)
  • perceived barriers (outcome will be negative from action)
    ADDED ONES:
  • cues to action (external event that motivates to act)
  • self efficacy (one’s belief in themselves to act)
37
Q

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior also referred to as

A

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

38
Q

Describe the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

A
  • explores the relationship between people’s attitudes & their behaviors
  • focuses on rational, cognitive decision making processes similar to HBM
39
Q

Key components to TPB

A

the intention to do a behavior based on
- person’s attitude towards a specific behavior
- person’s perception of the subjective norms associated with the said behavior

40
Q

TPB as a whole

A
  • attitude
  • subjective norms
  • behavioral intention
  • perceived behavioral control
  • perceived power
41
Q

The Transtheoretical Model stages of change

A

Stage 1: pre contemplation - no intention of taking action
Stage 2: contemplation - thinking about change within next 6 months
Stage 3: preparation - intend to take action
Stage 4: person has acted
Stage 5: maintenance - change of behavior has been made & the goal is to prevent relapse
Stage 6: termination - complete transformation of behavior change

42
Q

Who developed the Transtheoretical model

A
  • Prochaska & DiClemente
43
Q

Describe the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A
  • ‘stages of change’
  • determining where a person is in relation to making a behavior change
  • focus on cooperation NOT compliance
44
Q

Key component in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A
  • self efficacy
45
Q

Describe the Precaution Adoption Process Model

A
  • ‘taking a precaution’ against something
  • explains how ppl react to hazards
46
Q

Stages of Precaution Adoption Process Model

A

Stage 1: unaware of the issue - lack of knowledge or awareness
Stage 2: unengaged by the issue - don’t know about the risk vs those who know but not engaged
Stage 3: deciding about action - deciding whether to do something or not
Stage 4: deciding not to act
Stage 5: deciding to act - decision to act
Stage 6: acting - taking the first step
Stage 7: maintenance

47
Q

Name the 7 leadership styles

A

Democratic leader
- makes decision based on input form team
Autocratic leader
- makes decisions WITHOUT input
Laissez-Faire
- gives authority to employees
Strategic leader
- accepts burden of executive interest but keep work environment stable
Transformational
- motivates employees to reach their potential
Coach Style
- build upon expertise of each team member (can “read” the team well)
Bureaucratic
- by the books, takes but not always use employee input

48
Q

REACH Model strategies toward the goal of eliminating health disparities

A
  • capacity building
  • targeted actions
  • community/systems change
  • widespread risk/protective behavior change
  • health disparity reduction

IPE-213 (3 decks)

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