EXAM 2 Flashcards
what does Christianity see God as?
The Holy Trinity
trinity
one God existing in three persons, Father, Son, Holy Spirit
does the term trinity appear in the Bible?
no
how do Jews and Islams view the Trinity
blasphemy because it confuses Monotheism
Jesus’ timeline
6 BCE- 30 CE
Christ of faith
Jesus as preached or taught by the church
incarnation
The God of Israel became a human being in flesh in Jesus
what did Jesus say was the most important commandment
“love God with whole being and live thy neighbor as thyself”
two names for God
merciful daddy- repent and open arms
righteous judge- refused to repent and open arms
synoptic gospels
similar view- matthew mark luke
4 messages of Jesus
kingdom of God, relationship with God, ethics, love for God and other peopel
Christology
The nature and work of Jesus Christ
what does Christianity say about Christ
He is fully human and divine
how did the Disciples take the death of Jesus?
by surprise because to their knowledge the Messiah was not supposed to die- reign supreme
justificatioin that the Romans killed Jesus
they believed His goal was to overthrow the Romans and start a revolt
how did Jesus die?
by Roman style of execution- crucifixion
justification that Jewish leaders killed Jesus (traditional Christian perspective)
they thought Jesus was undermining their religious traditions and their power
what has the traditional view been used for?
excuses to exercise anti-semitic acts and massacres on Jewish people and harbor these attitudes
justification that both Romans and Jewish leaders killed Jesus
Jewish leaders saw the undermining traditions was a revolt that the Romans wanted to prevent
Traditional Jews thoughts on Jew-Christians
they were going against God’s will
Larger non-Jewish society’s view on Christianity
considered them intolerant because they only worshipped one God
Why were Christians viewed as cannibals
because they drank and ate the body of the Lord
Why did they fear Christians were revolutionaries?
because of claims such as “Jesus is Lord”
Why were Christians viewed as sexually immoral
emphasis on love and love feasts
what was different about the demographics of Christians?
they were multi-racial and multi-ethnic and found in various areas of the empire- great number of enslaved and poor people
persecution
ill-treatment
what did active persecution tend to be
sporadic, but overall atmosphere regarded Christians as outsiders
what was the role of apologists and martyrs
helped influence people to change their mind about Christianity
apologists
made logical, sometime philosophical arguments in defense of Christianity
martyrs
those who died rather than compromise Christian convictions or practices
an example of a apologist and martyr
Justin Martyr
what period was there a focus on Catholic/ Orthodox tradition and defining it
30- 500 CE
What happened to Christianity and Judaism over time
excluded each other from respective communities
catholic
emphasis of universality of faith
orthodox
emphasis on correct doctrine and practice
what period has american/ modern christianity
1600- present
pluralism
diversity and variety- positive and desirable
religious liberty/ freedom
people, as individuals and groups, should be free to practice whatever religion they choose as long as social peace stays in order
what role did the civil war play on religion
expanded idea of religious liberty
virginia
first formal colony to establish a bill to disestablish religion
where were the last three states to disestablish religion located
new england
who from Virginia played a critical role in this movement
james Madision and Thomas Jefferson
what colonies were also pioneers in this movement
rhode island and Pennsylvania
which religious groups were instrumental in advancing religious liberty
baptists, quakers, and deists
revivals
religious meetings designed to get people to make an on the spot commitment to the Christian faith
when was the first great awakening
late 1720- 1760
when was the second great awakening
mid-late 1790s- 1830
the great awakenings/ evangelicalism were…
mass movement’s where people came in large numbers to hear evangelists and preachers
what did the great awakenings/ evangelicalism establish
evangelism as a prominent approach to religion in the US revivalism
evangelicalism believes each Christian should have…
a born again/ conversion experience
evangelicalism believes centrality is…
in the Bible for authority and guidance
evangelicalism believes one should have personal…
devotions and bible study
evangelicalism people consist of
enthusiastic preaching and laypeople’s sharing of the faith (witnessing)
in the past, evangelicalism emphasized
strict moral codes
where has evangelicalism critically impacted
the American South
there is a strong relation between
ethnicity/ race and American Religion
many denominations were found by
African Americans (African Methodist Episcopal, National Baptist Convention, Church of God in Christ- Pentecostal)
how have native american and black churches historically contributed to american religion
maintained racial identity, community, solidarity, and important vehicles for political and economic change
american originated churches
forms of Christianity that that are either new or making a reappearance in history and arising first in US
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
scriptures, doctrines, and practices not recognized by other christian groups
seventh day adventists
recapture some aspects of the Jewish faith (Sabbath and dietary rules)
Jehovah’s witness
their form of the Bible refers to God as “Jehovah” and rejects trinity, and blood transfusions, and saluting american flag
Christian Scientists
God is “divine mind” and positive mental thinking
holiness
emphasizes Christian perfection and holy living- church of nazarene
Pentecostal
power and gifts of Holy spirit are available to modern day Christians as they are Christians in age of apostles - church of God in Christ
liberal/ modernist Christians
deemphasize literal translation of the Bible- focus more on symbolic value, values, morals, and ethics- reaosn to understand Bible
what type of view on human nature do liberal/modernists have
positive
Conservative/ fundamentalist christians
literal understanding of Bible- more supportive of tradition
what type of view on human nature do conservative/ fundamentalists have
negative/ realistic
how do liberal/ modernists study the Bible
historical/ critical method
how do conservative/ fundamentalists study the Bible
not inclined to historical/ critical methods of study
liberation theology
at the Heart of the Gospel is the mandate that the faithful earnestly labor to liberate or free people from structures and forces that oppress them
what does liberation theology say is the problem with traditional christianity
it places too much emphasis on spiritual liberation the afterlife and insufficient to people’s material needs in this life
what is liberation theology
a type of Social Gospel or Social Christianity that emphasizes the salvation of the whole person (body and soul) and active efforts to accomplish salvation through political or other involvement in society
what did black theology do?
brought together the Christian commitment to justice
who was a key representative of black theology
mlk jr, and james cone
what was emphasized in black theology
freeing people from structural forces of racial suppression and oppression
what did feminist theology emphasize
liberating women from the structures of sexism and patriarchy and the opporession o people based on their gender and sexuality
who was an influential activist for feminist theology
mary daly and rosemary ruether
womanist theology
fo uses on liberation of black women from racial and gender oppression and suppression
who was an influential member of womanist theology
jacquelyn grant
latin america liberation theology
began in south america and emphasized economic liberation
what was an important activist in latin america liberation theology
gustavo gutierrez
other name for politically conservative christianity
Christian rights or religious right
what is politically conservative christianity’s base
politically conservative activities on its interpretation of the christian faith, with a conservative/ fundamentalist approach
what happened in the late1800- early 1900 amoung conservative/ fundamentalists
politics was viewed as unsavory enterprise in which participation was a duty
how did they sense one should change?
through the hearts of individual people, not through political or economic restructuring
what happened between conservative and liberal Christians in the 1900’s
they took a more active interest in promoting more consistent and enthusiastic political involvement through the Christian community
what happened between dr jerry falwell and mlk jr during the civil rights movement
he said that mlk should focus on pulpit and more congregation-ally related actives instead of getting involved in politics
what year did falwell change his position on christian political involvement
1970s
what did jerry falwell founded
moral majority
what did pat robertson establish
Christian coalition
what did king and other groups find and in what year
Southern Christian leadership conference in 1950s and 1960s
what were some other developments in the modern era of religion
decline of denominational identification, institutional affiliation, growth of inter and non denominational religious bodies and Pentecostal and charismatic Christianity
what type of change took place in the modern era of religion
greater openness to change, such as gender roles and sexual identity declined influence
4 messages of Jesus
kingdom of God, relationship with God, ethics, love for God and other peopel
atonement
reconcile humans with God
parousia
second coming of Christ
second founder of Christianity
paul, justification by faith
apostles creed
150-175/ afirms that the God of the Old Testament was the one supreme God
nicene creed
325- 381/ affirms concept of Trinity
Chalcedonic formula
451/ affirms Jesus was fully human and fully God
augustine bishop of hippo
major influence in western Christianity
what were augustine bishop of hippos 4 major developments
equality of trintiy, questions of church and state, sacrements, soteriology
what did donatists teach
people who has denied faith were illegitimately allowed back in the church
what does “TULIP” standform and what reformation uses it
reformed- total depravity, unconditional election, limited attonment, irresistble grace, presevration of saints,
