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Therax > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

body’s ability to perform physical work

A

Physical fitness

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2
Q

persons maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)

A

body’s capacity to use oxygen

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3
Q

ability to work for prolonged periods of time

A

endurance

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4
Q

use of large muscle groups to perform dynamic exercise

A

Cardiorepsiratory endurance / aerobic activity

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5
Q

ability to do the same amount of work with less physiological demand

A

adaptation

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6
Q

First 30 sec/ no oxygen, already used what’s in tissue

after 30 sec before 2 min- ATP produce lactic acid / more sore

dominant after 2 min

replenish- relax
passive rest- not doing anything
Active rest better

A

plyometrics - short activity
DOMS - lactic acid build up

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7
Q

units of energy expenditure

A

MET
Kilocalorie
calorie

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8
Q

Light work- ADLs 1-3 (2mph)
MOD work- 3-6 (2.5-3.5 mph)
HEAVY work 6-8 (5+ mph)

can faint because blood is not coming back to heart, overexeceed oxygen

EF- ejection fracture 60-80%
CHF-30%

A
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9
Q

positive adaptation to aerobic exercise

regulation of BP
decrease fatty tissue
increase mitochondria

increase fuel utilization fats/ carbs - ATP GLYCOGEN / AEROBIC

A
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10
Q

improve aerobic conditioning

frequency
intensity
time

A
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11
Q

important to aerobic exercise
duration/ time
intensity
repetitions

least important- frequency (how often)

A
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12
Q

MHR: highest rate you want it to go during activity

220 - Age x intensity level = THR (70-90%)

cardiovascular/ recondition should be 40-60% of max HR

A
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13
Q

karovonen
intensity
rest HR
age

220 - age - resting HR = THR/ HR Reserve x intensity level + resting HR= HR

A
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14
Q

age 6-17 : 60 min Mod/Hard a day (90% HR)

age 18-65: 30 min x5 week MOD or 20min x3 week HARD
^ chronic health same

A
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15
Q

period of exercise followed by brief period of rest (passive)

A

Interval

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16
Q

allows for active rest

A

Circuit

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17
Q

avid runner and does not train for swimming would be

A

specificity

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18
Q

adding / increasing intensity level than last time for change

A

Overload

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19
Q

adaption- changes

A

5/5 no strength needed

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20
Q

higher health - higher intensity
lower health- more changes made

A
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21
Q

older - less time, frequency higher

higher intensity/ time= frequency lower

A
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22
Q

“Any bodily movement produced by the
contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase over resting energy expenditure”

A

Physical ability

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23
Q

planned and structure physical activity designed to maintain/ improve fitness

A

exercise

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24
Q

specificity is key principle when it comes to cardio respiratory endurance

A

Adaptation- adapt to the training overtime
* less physiology demand
Cardiovascular change- 10-12 weeks

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25
Q

need or demand of oxygen is determined by
HR
BP
afterload
myocardial contractility (70-80% increase in coronary blood flow)

A
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26
Q

demand of oxygen greater than supply
Myocardial ischemia occurs in form of Angina

A
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27
Q

PC and ATP are both stored within the muscle tissue as a readily available fuel source
• NO oxygen is required (anaerobic)
• During rest the PC and ATP are replenished in the muscle for the next bout of exercise
• This system is utilized during short, quick bursts of activity
• Dominant during the First 30 seconds of intense exercise

A

Phosphagen / ATP-PC system

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28
Q

Glucose is main source of fuel
no oxygen needed
• ATP is resynthesized in the muscle and lactic acid is the byproduct
• Dominant After the First 30 seconds and Before 2 min

A

anaerobic glycolytic system

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29
Q

• Glycogen, fats, and proteins are fuel sources in this system
• Oxygen is required to resynthesize ATP in the mitochondria of the muscle
• This is directly related to the number of mitochondria in the cell
• Dominant After 2 minutes of intense

A

aerobic system

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30
Q

ATP is supplied by the ATP-PC system

A

Burst on intense activity

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31
Q

ATP is supplied by the ATP-PC system and Anaerobic glycolytic system

A

intense activity 1-2 min

repeated after 4 min

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32
Q

ATP supplied by ATP-PC, anaerobic glycolytic, and aerobic system

A

large muscle activities 3-5 min

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33
Q

high percentage of aerobic system

A

sub max exercise for 20-30 min

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34
Q

expresses the energy value of food, the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 kg of water 1 degree celcius

A

Kilocalorie

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35
Q

the oxygen consumed (mL) per kilogram of body weight per minute (mL/kg)

A

MET
3.5 m/L per minute

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36
Q

overall workload to equal about 1000 cal/week to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease

A

Volume

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37
Q

usually increase time, frequency, intensity

A

progression

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38
Q

Detraining can occur as little as 2 weeks

A

Reversibility

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39
Q

must involve large muscle groups that are
activated in rhythmic and aerobic in nature

A

Type (Mode)

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40
Q

Metabolic - muscle hypertrophy, increase of mitochondria; muscle myoglobin increases-rate of O2 transport

• Other systems-decreased body fat; decreased cholesterol; increased bone density and tensile strength

A

Respiratory - increase lung volume, large diffusion

Cardiovascular- decrease in pulse rate/BP, increase blood volume

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41
Q

decrease pain, increase joint mobility
special assessment

A

mobilization

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42
Q

AROM/PROM gonio measure

A

osteokinematics

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43
Q

joint play need for normal ROM
motion occurs within a joint

A

arthrokinematics

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44
Q

one bone roll over another
slide glide

A

Roll

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45
Q

sliding across another , parallel

A

slide

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46
Q

one bone spinning on another
rotational
(GH flex/ext, Femur flex/ext. radial head sup/pro)

A

spin

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47
Q

closer together more congruent

A

congruence

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48
Q

close as possible (congruent)

A

closed pack

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49
Q

no joint play do not want doing mob

A

closed pack

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50
Q

want for joint mob

A

open pack

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51
Q

intracapsular space, optimal space
gh 50 abd 30
ulnohumersl 70 flex 10sup
knee 25 flex
hip 30 flex 30 abd w ER

A

open loose pack

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52
Q

resistance felt when passively moving joint through end ROM
consistent normal end feel
firm- capsular
soft- hamstring, hip flex
hard- bone to bone elbow ext

A

osteo Yes
arthro No

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53
Q

close pack knee extension
ulnohumeral ext
knee ext
hip ext IR
shoulder abd ER

A
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54
Q

firm- DF
hard- elbow ext
soft- elbow knee flex

Bad shoulder - ER , Abd,IR, flex

A
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55
Q

abnormal- short of normal end range
different end feel
somewhere that does not belong

empty - inflammation/ fracture/ bursitis
Pain

firm - increased tone , right joint capsule, ligament short

hard-fracture , osteoarthritis, osteophyte

soft- edema, synovitis, ligament
muscle spasm - pain w half movement

A
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56
Q

small motion dampens down receptor to decrease pain
smaller grades bring in fluid
bigger grades stretch

A
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57
Q

grade I: small rhythmic, beginning at range (pain , inflammation)
small & fast

A
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58
Q

grade II: large amplitude, rhythmic, witching range , not reaching limit
large & slow
pain inflammation

A
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59
Q

grade III: large amplitude , rhythmic, up to limit of available ROM, stretched into resistance (stretching)
slow

A
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60
Q

grade IV: small, limit of ROM past it
doing work at tissue limit and not coming back up
stretching
fast

A
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61
Q

grade V: not do high velocity thrust springing - realignment

A
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62
Q

ossification- motion

A
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63
Q

sustained joint play

A

traction

64
Q

grade I: piccolo traction/ loosen
holding limb for patient so that everything is loose (acute)

hold for 10 sec & keep doing it
pain and inflammation

*not enough force to seperate joint surface neutralize pressure

A
65
Q

grade II: gentle pull, take up slack on capsule tighten tissue by pulling
(acute) pain & inflammation

A
66
Q

grade III: stretch of soft tissue- pull apart and hold
hold for 6 sec releases 4 sec
cyclic

A
67
Q

pain muscle guard spasm

A

grade I, II

68
Q

reversible joint hypomobile

A

grade III

69
Q

positional faults/ subluxation

A

grade V

70
Q

progressive limitation

A

grade III

71
Q

functional immobility (grade I&II)- fracture indication

A
72
Q

true contraindications for stretching (grade III and IV)

-hyper mobile
-pain, swelling, inflammation
-joint effusion- no stretch swollen joint

A
73
Q

cancer, (malignancy) or bone disease, acute inflammatory / RA , CNS disorder (TBI, stroke)
pregnancy, joint hyper mobile , spondylitis (cracked fracture moves forward)

A
74
Q

not doing subluxation / dislocate Grade V
muscle energy technique to see if bone moves

A
75
Q

distraction- perpendicular away
glide- parallel to

grade II is where we access
grade II-III is 2-3 seconds
grade III-IV can cause soreness

A
76
Q

muscles, tendons, contractile

A

strain

77
Q

ligamentous, capsule, fascia - noncontractile

A

sprains

78
Q

hypomobility, can pop in/ out

A

subluxation

79
Q

pops all the way out, manual put back in (tear)

A

dislocation

80
Q

inflammation of tendon

A

tendonitis

81
Q

wear down

A

tendonosis

82
Q

tendons wrap in synovial sheath
inflamed , synovial membrane

A

tenosynovitis

83
Q

thickening of tendon sheath

A

tenovaginitis

84
Q

bleeding in joint

A

hemoarthrosis

85
Q

inflammation of bursa (fluid filled pad to reduce friction)

A

bursitis

86
Q

hit on soft tissue / bruise in fascia - deep
myositis bone spur w muscle

A

hematoma

87
Q

spotted bruise, superficial

A

hematosis

88
Q

stress = bone guards
RA bursitis- not suppose to be there (ganglion cyst)

A
89
Q

grade 1- mild
grade 2- mod, partial tear
grade 3 complete tear, Occulsion, achilles no pain- fracture
Thomas - no PF

tensile strength: put it under stress
supportive treatment: RICE

A
90
Q

inflammatory
Acute- max protect 4-6 days

Mod- subacute 10-17 days/ 14-20 days
mod protect controlled motion

Chronic- Min 21+ of injury
return to function

A
91
Q

Max protect
pain/ swelling/ heat- muscle guard

RICE, pain free, PROM, ARROM, AROM NO PAIN

how impact aerobic
no stretch / resistance

massage joint mob mods

A
92
Q

Mod tissue gets stronger more ROM wound close 6-8 weeks to move to Mod phase

kids- 4 weeks, Isolated strength training isometrics
allows us to start stretching
AROM/ sub max

joint mob 3 increase load/ ROM

A
93
Q

Min- full ROM w/o pain, progress in strength, scar tissue- remodeling, strength train- functional activities

Plyometrics- Power speed agility

specificity- strength training
eccentric - pain / inflammation then concentric of tissue

chronic inflammation- cross friction / soft tissue mob

A
94
Q

delayed union- takes longer
non union- does not connect
mal union/ mal alignment

bone healing - 6 to 8 weeks

A
95
Q

fracture clean up pieces that are broken (reduct) then fixate (ORIF)

90% type I collagen

A
96
Q

build bone cells

A

osteoblast

97
Q

osteocytes once we stop growing
bone plate stop growing

A
98
Q

reabsorb bone

A

osteoclast

99
Q

too much osteoblast as we age

A

osteocreosis

100
Q

put stress so bone can respond to changes

A

wolffs law

101
Q

need stress for bone healing

A

osteoblast

102
Q

osteoclast are faster than

A

osteoblast

103
Q

OREF
hall
decrease reaction to mobilization
above / below ROM
external

A
104
Q

mid shaft break in bone (epiphesal plate)

A

fracture

105
Q

not through

A

incomplete

106
Q

through

A

complete

107
Q

not penetrate skin

A

closed

108
Q

through skin, you can see it

A

open/ compound

109
Q

cut across

A

transverse

110
Q

length of shaft

A

longitudinal

111
Q

diagonal angle

A

oblique

112
Q

circle rotation around bone

A

spiral

113
Q

broken apart in little pieces

A

combinatory

114
Q

2 forces jammed together

A

impacted

115
Q

incomplete break bones flexible (kids)

A

greenstick

116
Q

epiphesal growth plate - make sure fracture didn’t interrupt
^tumors mimic

A
117
Q

metastatic moved in bone
post menopause women- osteoporosis - WB exercise

calcium does not absorb
callus- bandage once bone is reabsorbed
osteoblast proliferative

cast / joint replacement
18 month tensile load

A
118
Q

max protect
- PROM, AROM Pain free
-massage/ STM
- isometrics (sub max)
- modalities (decrease pain/inflammation)
-grade I and II joint mobs
-P.E. / HEP
- Balance
- cardiovascular exercise
-rice
-strengthen except injuried tissue

A
119
Q

move to mod when

A

pain/ inflammation reduced
6 to 8 weeks

120
Q

MOD protect
-PROM AAROM AROM- goal
-joint mob 3 and 4
- soft tissue stretching
-resistance training- isolated
-modalities - traction/ e stem
- PE and hep

A
121
Q

move to MIN when

A

full rom w/o pain and progressive strength

122
Q

MIN protect
- functional activities
-stretching
-strengthening / Closed chain
-PE HEP once discarded : maintance program
- plyometrics - speed power agility

A
123
Q

acute tissue healing is

A

max protect

124
Q

osteoarthritis DJD is overuse joint/ immobilization
- cartilage no longer to sustain stress in WB joints
-gets thin/ splits no more cartilage - uneven bone
- bone remodels and overgrow at joint (spurring)- bone spur / osteophytes

replacement- increase pain/ lack of function

A
125
Q

activity is good for OA
too much activity will increase pain
Crepitutus- popping
nodules are overgrowth of bone *more gurth in fingers

treatment - decrease pain, decrease stiffness, increase ROM, joint mob 3/4

A
126
Q

no high impact activity / Use open chain! max resist
- swim or cycle
No splinting - instead strengthen muscles around weak joint

look at gait so it decreases pain
back off if pain/ edema

A
127
Q

One sided - Unilateral
LE overuse - wb joint

A

OA

128
Q

RA is connective tissue disease with period of exacerbation/ worse and remission/ better

-inflammatory changes- adhesion, fibrosis ,ossific ankylosis (hardening fusing bone)

causes deformity and disability (can occur in tendon sheath)

will produce OA and ligament laxity
-muscle atrophy, cardio effect, fibrosis

A
129
Q

only grade I and II stay in max protect with

A

RA

130
Q

change activity when having exercbation
-joints will fuse / Drift

A

RA

131
Q

SYSTEMIC DISEASE
bilateral UE
hands / fingers / shoulders
*more they move ,more injury

A

RA

132
Q

immobilization - synovial fluid does not move

A
133
Q

bands of scar-like tissue that form between two surfaces inside the body and cause them to stick together

A

adhesion

134
Q

thickening or scarring of the tissue.

A

fibrosis

135
Q
  • differences between OA vs RA
  • how OA should be treated
    *replacement
  • crepitutus
  • bone spurs
  • decrease pain/stiff, increase ROM
    *no high impact activity - use open chain

-how RA should be treatment
*take advantage of remission
*more they move, more injury
*joint aren’t aligned , no stability
*excerbation- joints drift

A
136
Q

when a small chunk of bone attached to a tendon or ligament gets pulled away from the main part of the bone

A

avulsion

137
Q

A tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse.

A

stress fracture

138
Q

broken bone caused by disease, often by the spread of cancer to the bone

A

pathological fracture

139
Q

condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints.

A

contracture

140
Q

state when muscles are held in a partial state of readiness to act

A

muscle guarding

141
Q

superficial bleeding resulting in visible discoloration of the skin (ecchymosis)

A

Contusion / hematosis

142
Q

deep bleeding in muscles or fascial planes, may result in delayed ecchymosis or myositis ossifican

A

hematoma

143
Q

ballooning of the wall of a joint capsule or
tendon sheath following trauma or rheumatoid arthritis

A

ganglion

144
Q

repeated submaximal overload or frictional wear to a muscle or tendon
resulting in inflammation.

A

cumulative trama disorder

145
Q

contraction to circulatory, neurologic or metabolic changes that occur in
response to trauma. The condition becomes self-perpetuating
regardless of whether the primary lesion is resolved or not.

A

intrinsic muscle spasm

146
Q

abnormal adherence of collagen fibers to surrounding structures from trauma, immobilization, or scar tissue that restricts the normal elasticity of the structures involved

A

adhesion

147
Q

loss of normal function of a tissue or region, due to any condition
that results in loss of normal mobility

A

dysfunction

148
Q

poor absorption of calcium

A

osteomalacia

149
Q

4 T’s of palpation

A

tone
tenderness
texture
temperature

150
Q

cross friction massage- technique applied transversely to ligaments, tendons, or muscles to increase circulation, improve mobility, and decrease the formation of scar tissue

A
151
Q

which mob increases motion?

A

Grades III & IV

152
Q

reduce pain and stiffness joint mobs

A

grade I and II

153
Q

purpose of warm up / cool down-

This helps prevent muscle cramps and dizziness while gradually slowing your breathing and heart rate.

A warmup gradually revs up your cardiovascular system by raising your body temperature and increasing blood flow to your muscles.

Warming up may also help reduce muscle soreness and lessen your risk of injury. Cooling down after your workout allows for a gradual recovery of preexercise heart rate and blood pressure.

A
154
Q

too much bone

A

myositis ossificans

155
Q

A break in the bone that goes through the growth plate is called a growth plate fracture. Growth plate fractures vary from mild to serious injuries. They are usually diagnosed by physical examination and an x-ray. Growth plates are soft areas of developing cartilage at the ends of a child’s bones.

A
156
Q

ossific ankylosis-

A

hardening fusing bone

Therax (8 decks)

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