EXAM 2

Question 1

What type of root system do cereal plants have?

Answer 1

fibrous

Question 2

What are cereal plants mainly used for?

Answer 2

Starch

Question 3

What are the top cultivated cereal plants?

Answer 3

Corn, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, oat, rye

Question 4

Are cereal plants monocots or dicots?

Answer 4

monocots

Question 5

Are almost cereals monocots or dicots

Answer 5

dicots

Question 6

What are some examples of almost cerals?

Answer 6

Amaranth, quinoa, buckwheat, chia

Question 7

What are the three sisters?

Answer 7

corn, beans, squash

Question 8

Why were corn, beans and squash planted together?

Answer 8

the beans provided nitrogen, the corn supported the climbing bean and the squash acted as a cover crop

Question 9

What is monocropping?

Answer 9

cultivating one crop in an area at a time

Question 10

What is intercropping?

Answer 10

cultivating two or more crops in the same area at the same time

Question 11

Why are legumes part of intercropping?

Answer 11

because of their nitrogen fixing

Question 12

What are the down sides of intercropping?

Answer 12

• seeding is more difficult
• reduced herbicide options
• seed separation required
• harvest time is challenging

Question 13

What are the up sides of intercropping?

Answer 13

• good weed control and less use of nitrogen
• diversity of commodities

Question 14

Why do poorer countries rely on pearl millet?

Answer 14

• its a source of income and it is very nutritious

Question 15

What are the characteristics of cassava

Answer 15

• very starchy, large ones can contain a lot of cyanide
• less cyanide=less starch
  called poor mans food because it ensures theres something to eat even in drought

Question 16

Is sweet potato tolerant to cold temperatures?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

Which variety of cassava has more cyanide?

Answer 17

the bitter variety

Question 18

What is an example of intercropping in Africa?

Answer 18

cassava-maize-plaintain

Question 19

What is an example of intercropping in Africa?

Answer 19

cassava-maize-plaintain

Question 20

What is the rhizoplane?

Answer 20

the surface of the roots

Question 21

What is the rhizosphere?

Answer 21

the soil volume surrounding the rhizoplane affected by root activity

Question 22

What is the key element for plant growth?

Answer 22

nitrogen

Question 23

Why cant plants fix nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Answer 23

because of nitrogens triple bond, its too strong

Question 24

what does nitrogenase do?

Answer 24

converts N2 gas into ammonia

Question 25

does nitrogenase work in oxygenated areas?

Answer 25

no, only works in low oxygen areas

Question 26

how do legumes fix nitrogen?

Answer 26

create root nodules which creates a low oxygen environment

Question 27

how can root nodules create a low oxygen environment ?

Answer 27

through the bacteriod membrane which is an oxygen barrier

Question 28

What protein maintains low oxygen

Answer 28

Leghaemoglobin

Question 29

which legume has the biggest nitrogen fixation capacity?

Answer 29

Faba bean

Question 30

What is mycorrhizae?

Answer 30

a fungal root that forms a symbiotic relationship with the plant it attaches to, enhances drought resisttance, improve soil aggregates and reduces soil reosion

Question 31

What is ectomycorrhizae?

Answer 31

does not go deep into the plant, a type of symbiotic relationship between plants and ectomycorrhizae

Question 32

What is endomycorrhizae?

Answer 32

goes deep into the plant, a type of symbiotic relationship