Exam 2

Question 1

Which theory and theorist? Cognitive mediation -the influence of one’s thinking between the occurrence of a stimulus and response.

Answer 1

Cognitive Theory. Bandura, psychologist.

Question 2

Leon Festinger. Which theory?

Answer 2

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 3

Seymour Epstein. Which theory and concept?

Answer 3

Cognitive Theory. Hierarchical organization of personal constructs. 

Question 4

David McClellan. Which theory and concept?

Answer 4

Cognitive theory. Explorations of motives, traits and schemas

Question 5

Albert Ellis. Which theory and fact?

Answer 5

Cognitive theory. First cognitive therapist.

Question 6

Aaron Beck. Which theory and concept?

Answer 6

Cognitive theory. Psychoanalysis.

Question 7

Reid, Epstein, Lantz, Berlin, and Corcoran. Which theory and profession?

Answer 7

Cognitive theory. Social work.

Question 8

Piaget. Which theory? And which concept?

Answer 8

Cognitive theory. Theory of cognitive development.

Question 9

Conscious thinking is the basis for most human behavior and emotional experience. Which theory?

Answer 9

Key concept of cognitive theory.

Question 10

We develop habits of thinking that form the basis of our screening and coding of environmental input, categorizing and evaluating the experience, and making judgments about how to behave. Which theory?

Answer 10

Key concept of cognitive theory.

Question 11

Emotions are seen as physiological responses to cognitive processes. Which theory?

Answer 11

Key concept of cognitive theory.

Question 12

This theory differs from psychodynamic theory in that these theorists do not believe that people have innate drives or motivations to act in certain ways. Disbelief in the “id”. Which theory?

Answer 12

Key concept of cognitive theory. 

Question 13

Belief in the existence of cognitive schemas – our internalized representation of the world, or patterns of thought, actions and problem-solving. Which theory?

Answer 13

Key concept of cognitive theory.

Question 14

_______ -Develop from direct learning as well as social learning. Which theory? Which concept?

Answer 14

Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.

Question 15

Flexible schemas are most desirable. Which theory? Which concept?

Answer 15

Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.

Question 16

______ are neither correct nor incorrect but rather functional or not functional. Which theory? Which concept?

Answer 16

Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.

Question 17

______ can change but not necessarily easily. Which theory? Which concept?

Answer 17

Cognitive theory. Cognitive schemas.

Question 18

________- Distortions and thinking that are inconsistent with reality. Which theory? Define the term. 

Answer 18

Cognitive theory. Cognitive errors.

Question 19

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: distress can occur when a person does not have the skills to cope with a new situation (cognitive deficit), when a person’s cognitive schemas become too rigid to adapt to new situations, and when people develop misperceptions of reality (cognitive distortions).

Answer 19

Cognitive theory.

Question 20

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: ______ interventions are focused on enhancing rationality of a clients thinking patterns, the degree to which conclusions about the self in the world are based on external evidence, and the linear connections among a person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors.

Answer 20

Cognitive theory.

Question 21

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Therapy is an active process in which the therapist acts as an educator and voice of reason for the client.

Answer 21

Cognitive theory.

Question 22

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention is highly structured.

Answer 22

Cognitive theory.

Question 23

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: First session includes setting an agenda, doing a mood check, Reviewing in specifying the presenting problem, setting goals, educating the client about the _____ model and the presenting problem, finding out the clients expectations for therapy, setting up homework, summarizing the session and asking for client feedback.

Answer 23

Cognitive theory.

Question 24

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Follow up sessions include updates/check ins regarding clients mood, linking problems discussed in previous sessions to current sessions, setting the agenda, reviewing homework, and setting up new homework.

Answer 24

Cognitive theory.

Question 25

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Confrontation occurs frequently so that the therapist can point out thought distortions and discrepancies.

Answer 25

Cognitive theory.

Question 26

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Client can change in three ways – change personal goals to become more consistent with reality, change their thought assumptions, or change their thought distortion/habits.

Answer 26

Cognitive theory. 

Question 27

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Therapist helps client identify the thoughts that trigger their emotions and behavior, assess the clients motivation and willingness to use different thoughts in response to triggering situations, and challenges the client’s beliefs using natural experiments or tasks.

Answer 27

Cognitive theory.

Question 28

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation:
Therapist can teach clients new coping, communication, and problem-solving skills.

Answer 28

Cognitive theory.

Question 29

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Well-established advocacy for the use of this therapy with geriatric depression, major depression, anorexia, bulimia, and conduct disorder.

Answer 29

Cognitive theory.

Question 30

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Well established efficacy for the use of ______ interventions is expanded for a wide variety of disorders. 

Answer 30

Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior Therapies (CBT)

Question 31

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: ______ Intervention is an effective treatment for Latinos, African-Americans, and Asian Americans with Depression.

Answer 31

Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior Therapies (CBT)

Question 32

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: There are few empirical studies of the use of _____ therapies for the treatment of depression in older sexual minorities.

Answer 32

Cognitive theory. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)

Question 33

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Because the client must be able to engage in abstract thought in order to benefit from _____, the clinician must be aware that although 12 years old is the minimum age of _______ theory implementation, people develop at different rates. Not all 12 year olds may be able to engage in abstract thought. 

Answer 33

Cognitive theory. CBT.

Question 34

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: There are several limitations on the implementation of _______ therapy, such as the clients need to have stability in some aspects of life and not be in active crisis. Clinicians must be able to recognize these limitations and change their theoretical approach to therapy if the clients do not meet these requirements.

Answer 34

Cognitive theory. CBT.

Question 35

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: ______ theory encourages clinicians to check in with their own emotions so that their judgment is not impaired.

Answer 35

Cognitive theory. Cognitive theory.

Question 36

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: While _____ therapy takes into account environmental factors that can trigger client’s thoughts, emotions, and actions, _____ interventions are focused on changing the individual’s thought/belief/action patterns regardless of the environment.

Answer 36

Cognitive theory. CBT.

Question 37

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: According to Walsh, _______ therapy can be used with culturally diverse populations and uses Empowerment as a guiding principle.

Answer 37

Cognitive theory. CBT.

Question 38

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Satterfield contradicts Walsh. States that There is limited research on the use of _____ with minority clients, specifically LGBTQ communities. Satterfield argues that the homework that clients are required to do in ____ therapy may be burdensome and overwhelming to minority clients.

Answer 38

Cognitive theory. CBT.

Question 39

Michael White. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 39

Narrative theory. Electrical and mechanical draftsman term social worker.

Question 40

David Epston. Which theory? What effect?

Answer 40

Narrative theory. Family therapist known for his innovative therapeutic techniques, including letterwriting, resource collections, and supportive communities.

Question 41

People are engaged in an ongoing process of constructing a life story, or personal narrative, that determines their understanding of themselves in their position in the world.

Answer 41

Key concept of Narrative Theory. 

Question 42

People do not have set developmental milestones that they must go through. Which theory?

Answer 42

Narrative theory

Question 43

Systems are not as important as the individual’s view of their story. Which theory?

Answer 43

Key concept of Narrative theory

Question 44

People have the ability to change their personal narrative. Which theory?

Answer 44

Key concept of Narrative theory.

Question 45

__________ – exploring a client’s personal narrative and how it is informed by his or her culture. Which theory? Define term.

Answer 45

Key concept of narrative theory. Deconstruction. 

Question 46

_______- Client develops a new personal narrative that is in line with his or her personal goals. Which theory? Define term.

Answer 46

Key concept of narrative theory. Re-authoring/reconstruction.

Question 47

______ -Celebrating the clients new narrative with friends and family. Which theory? Define term.

Answer 47

Key concept of narrative theory. Celebrating/connection.

Question 48

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems occur when personal narratives are saturated with self-denigrating beliefs.

Answer 48

Narrative theory

Question 49

 _________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems can involve material or emotional suffering.

Answer 49

Narrative theory

Question 50

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: The client is not the problem, the problem is the problem.

Answer 50

Narrative theory

Question 51

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: awakening the client from a problematic pattern of living.

Answer 51

Narrative theory

Question 52

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: liberate the client from externally imposed constraints.

Answer 52

Narrative theory

Question 53

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: help the client author stories of dignity and competence.

Answer 53

Narrative theory

Question 54

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Goals include: recruit supportive others to serve as audiences to the clien’ts new life story. 

Answer 54

Narrative theory

Question 55

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: The social worker acts as a collaborator instead of expert. Acts as audience to hear the clients story, and negotiator and co-constructor of a new story line.

Answer 55

Narrative Theory 

Question 56

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: normalizing and strengthening how the client understands their problem

Answer 56

Narrative theory

Question 57

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: Reflecting/deconstructing the client’s narrative to challenge their assumptions about themselves and the world. Therapist uses let her writing and journaling in this step.

Answer 57

Narrative theory

Question 58

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention steps include: Celebrating the client’s creation of a new narrative and assisting them to connect with others to celebrate.

Answer 58

Narrative theory

Question 59

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Theory is applicable to interventions with people who have attachment disorders, eating disorders, body image disorders, PTSD, depression, stuttering, substance-abuse, panic disorder, adolescent behavior problems, childhood adjustment issues, life with violent partners, general relationship problems and mental illness

Answer 59

Narrative theory

Question 60

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Intervention can be done with family/groups or individuals

Answer 60

Narrative theory

Question 61

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: The majority of the research is qualitative case studies with small numbers of participants. However, some randomized control trials have been used to show this therapy’s effectiveness with clients experiencing PTSD, cancer, and depression.

Answer 61

Narrative theory

Question 62

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Studies have also been conducting that exam in the types of stories that clients with the same or similar disorders expressed.

Answer 62

Narrative theory

Question 63

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Because this theory does not set a definitive ending to therapy, the client may overuse the therapist and not be able to successfully detach. 

Answer 63

Narrative theory

Question 64

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This theory does not address working with clients who are not capable of expressing themselves through writing. The integrity of therapy may be compromised if letter writing and journaling cannot be used. 

Answer 64

Narrative theory

Question 65

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This theory’s disinterest in labeling clients may harm those clients who would benefit from medication to treat their disorders.

Answer 65

Narrative theory

Question 66

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: _____ Theorists may impose their own ideas about what the client’s story should look like.

Answer 66

Narrative theory

Question 67

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ theory emphasizes the importance of empowering the clients to give them more control over their own lives. 

Answer 67

Narrative theory

Question 68

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _______ Theory views problems as byproducts of cultural practices that are oppressive to the development of functional life stories

Answer 68

Narrative theory

Question 69

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Social worker encourages the client to assess how society and culture influence their personal story

Answer 69

Narrative theory

Question 70

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ Therapy is useful for working with LGB youth and their families. It is interesting to note that Saltzburg does not include trans individuals when discussing the use of this therapy with LGB adolescence and their families. 

Answer 70

Narrative theory

Question 71

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: _____ Therapists believe that labeling their clients with specific mental illness is disempowering and neglects to see the client as an individual with their own problems and worldview

Answer 71

Narrative theory

Question 72

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: This approach may not be useful with clients facing unemployment and lack of healthcare or housing.

Answer 72

Narrative theory

Question 73

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Walsh argues that this theory is a theory of social justice. Yet the theory minimizes the role of systems in a person’s story. These characteristics contradict each other. _____ therapists cannot address the role of society and culture in their clients’ stories without addressing their clients’ systems.

Answer 73

Narrative theory

Question 74

Berg. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 74

Solution focused therapy. Primary developer of SFT, background in brief family therapy, social worker.

Question 75

De Shazer. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 75

Primary developer of SFT, background in brief family therapy, believed that the causes of problems may be complex, but the solutions do not necessarily need to be, social worker.

Question 76

Which theorist believed that the causes of problems may be complex, but the solutions do not necessarily need to be?

Answer 76

De Shazer. Solution focused therapy. 

Question 77

Corcoran. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 77

Solution focused therapy. Developmental adaptations of SFT.

Question 78

Metcalf. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 78

Solution focused therapy. Group, marriage, family, and school therapy using SFT.

Question 79

Lipchik. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 79

Solution focused therapy. Social worker, Early contributor to SFT, investigates the therapeutic relationship.

Question 80

Wiener-Davis. Which theory? What fact?

Answer 80

Solution focused therapy. Student of Berg and De Shazer.

Question 81

______ does not represent a single theoretical perspective, it is a model of practice.

Answer 81

Key concept of solution focused therapy. 

Question 82

______ Draws from systems, cognitive, communication, and crisis intervention theories.

Answer 82

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 83

______ People create meaning out of their experiences and want to change.

Answer 83

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 84

______ Individuals have sufficient resources to solve most problems.

Answer 84

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 85

______ Language is powerful in shaping an individuals reality.

Answer 85

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 86

______ Emphasis on solution talk and not on discussion of the problem itself.

Answer 86

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 87

_______ Uses scaling exercises to evaluate the client’s level of motivation. Which theory? 

Answer 87

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 88

_______ Refraining comments and actions -Used by practitioner to give client credit for positive aspects of their behavior relative to the problem. 

Answer 88

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 89

______ Strengths–reinforcing coping questions.

Answer 89

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 90

________ Externalize the problem – practitioner describes the problem in a way that makes it something that is separate from, rather than within, the person. 

Answer 90

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 91

_______ Uses the miracle question. 

Answer 91

Key concept of solution focused therapy.

Question 92

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Cycles of behavior that have been reinforced lead to problems.

Answer 92

Solution focused therapy.

Question 93

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Narrow, pessimistic views of problems constrain people.

Answer 93

Solution focused therapy

Question 94

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: No problem is as big as it seems, and there’s no right way to view a problem or solution.

Answer 94

Solution focused therapy

Question 95

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: It is not necessary to understand the causes of a problem in order to resolve it.

Answer 95

Solution focused therapy.

Question 96

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: Problems do not serve a function in a system.

Answer 96

Solution focused therapy

Question 97

_________ theory hypothesis regarding client distressed/symptoms/clinical formulation: People are prevented from noticing new information due to their rigid beliefs and attitudes.

Answer 97

Solution focused therapy.

Question 98

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: articulate the problem in the clients beliefs about the source of the problem and how they are affected, how they have cope so far, and what solutions the client has tried.

Answer 98

Solution focused therapy

Question 99

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Affirm client’s rights to their perspectives on problems and solutions

Answer 99

Solution focused therapy

Question 100

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Client defines the goals, and the social worker helps the client select goals and strategies that are achievable

Answer 100

Solution focused therapy

Question 101

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change is always occurring, and it happens through the reinterpretation of situations and gaining more information that was formerly missing

Answer 101

Solution focused therapy

Question 102

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change occurs through behavioral or perceptual changes

Answer 102

Solution focused therapy

Question 103

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Change is subject to the self – fulfilling prophecy

Answer 103

Solution focused therapy

Question 104

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Small change can consolidate, or have a ripple effect; fast change is possible.

Answer 104

Solution focused therapy

Question 105

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: There is no distinction between symptomatic and structural change

Answer 105

Solution focused therapy

Question 106

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Interventions focus on solutions to problems

Answer 106

Solution focused therapy

Question 107

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: normalize problems

Answer 107

Solution focused therapy

Question 108

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Establish the worth of challenging the problem

Answer 108

Solution focused therapy

Question 109

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Help the client to act or think differently

Answer 109

Solution focused therapy

Question 110

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Focus on the client’s strengths and resources

Answer 110

Solution focused therapy

Question 111

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Acknowledge exceptions, which can help client develop ideas for solutions

Answer 111

Solution focused therapy

Question 112

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Jointly develop tasks

Answer 112

Solution focused therapy

Question 113

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Predict setbacks

Answer 113

Solution focused therapy

Question 114

______ Theory -discussion of How change occurs – specific goals/Intervention’s/focus of therapy/application of clinical formulation: Intervention includes: Evaluate client progress

Answer 114

Solution focused therapy

Question 115

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: Experimental, quasi experimental, single subject, and pre-experimental research indicated that ______ is effective with individual, couple, family, and group therapy

Answer 115

Solution focused therapy

Question 116

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: _____ also seems to be effective for court mandated domestic violence offenders, couples experiencing intimate partner violence, child protection, school social work, and alcohol treatment.

Answer 116

Solution focused therapy

Question 117

______ Theory -Discussion of the supporting evidence or lack there of for this theory: The fast paced and short term nature of this intervention may interfere with establishing a therapeutic alliance between the practitioner and the client

Answer 117

Solution focused therapy

Question 118

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: This approach may be too superficial and deny the client the opportunity to explore and resolve the presenting problem and their related emotions at greater depth. 

Answer 118

Solution focused therapy

Question 119

______ Theory -Reflection, where applicable, of ethical issues that the theory might raise or address: Does not pathologize client; emphasizes acceptance, by client and practitioner, of the client’s perspective on the presenting problem

Answer 119

Solution focused therapy

Question 120

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: The de-emphasis of the problem may discourage clients from sharing important information or feelings related to the issue at hand and limit discussion of important cultural context or experiences of oppression. 

Answer 120

Solution focused therapy

Question 121

______ Theory -Critical analysis of the theory’s attention, or lack thereof, to social work values and person in environment issues, particularly related to oppression and cultural diversity: Inexperienced practitioners may have the false impression that the intervention is easier than it really is. 

Answer 121

Solution focused therapy