Exam 2 Flashcards by Samantha Figurate

What is included in the CNS?

-Cerebrum: motor movements for sound and word production
-cerebellum
-basal ganglia
-brainstem
-spinal cord

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What is included in the PNS

-Central nerves
-Spinal nerves

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Which lobes are related to speech and language?

-Frontal: primary cortex and brocas
-temporal: primary auditory cortex and wernickes

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Broca’s area

Motor planning for fluent and well articulated speech

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Wernicke’s area

Analyze, recognize, and understand speech sounds/words

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Which nerve is related to the jaw, teeth, and tongue

Trigeminal nerve (V)

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Which nerve is related to the face

Facial (VII)

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Which nerve is related to hearing

Vestibuloacoustic (VIII)

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Which nerve is related to swallowing

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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Which nerve is related to the larynx, pharynx, trachea, and soft palate?

Vagus (X)

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Corticobulbar tract

In motor cortex, to brainstem, to cranial nerves, to head

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Corticospinal tract

In motor cortex, to spinal cord, to spinal nerve, to body muscles

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Muscles for inspiration

-Diaphragm
-external intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal(interchondral)

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Muscles for expiration

-Internal intercostal muscles(interosseous)
-abdominal muscles

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Quiet inspiration muscles

Diaphragm
Yes activation

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Forced inspiration muscles

-diaphragm
-external intercostals
-yes muscle activation

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Quiet expiration muscles

-no activated muscles!!
Relaxed diaphragm!!

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Forced expiration muscles

-internal intercostal
-abdominal muscles
-yes muscle activation

When is lung pressure lower than outside?

During inspiration

When is lung pressure higher than outside?

During expiration

Percent of inspiration and expiration during quiet breathing

Inspiration: 40%
Expiration: 60%

Percent of inspiration and expiration during forced speech

Inspiration: 10%
Expiration: 90%

What is checking action?

Released inspiratory slowly during speech

What is the anterior attachment of the vocal folds

Thyroid

What is the posterior attachment of the vocal folds

Arytenoids

What muscles abducts the vocal folds

Posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA)

Which muscles adduct the vocal folds

Lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) Interarytenoid (IA)

Which muscles increase pitch

Cricothyroid: tensor or elongation Thyrovocalis: tensor

Which muscles decrease pitch?

Thyromuscularis: relaxor

What are vocal folds composed of?

-vocal ligaments -thyrovocalis muscles -mucous membrane

What is the space between the vocal folds?

Glottis

What are the two major steps of phonation?

Adduction then vibration

What is used during adduction of the vocal folds

LCA and IA adduct the vocal folds

What is used during the vibration of the vocal folds

Two aerodynamic forces produce vibration -subglottal air pressure: opens VF -Bernoulli effect: closes VF

What happens to the speed and pressure during the Bernoulli effect

Speed increases Pressure decreases

What are the three major cavities?

Oral cavity, nasal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity

What are the mandibular elevators?

Temporalis and masseter

What are the mandibular depressors

-Anterior belly of digastric -Mylohyoid -Geniohyoid

Speech sounds with elevated mandible

Consonants

Speech sounds with a depressed mandible

Low vowels

Intrinsic tongue muscles

-longitudinal(superior to inferior) -vertical(top to bottom) -transverse(side to side)

Extrinsic tongue muscles

-styloglossus: upward and backward -genioglossus: inferior part of tongue

Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Intrinsic: shapes the tongue Extrinsic: moves tongue front and back

What are the muscles of the velum

-levator Veli Palatini: elevator -Patatoglossus: depressor