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Speech And Hearing Sciences > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is sound?

A

-no physical substance
-audible disturbance in a medium caused by a vibrating force
-sound is made by vibration of air particles

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2
Q

What are the forces of vibration?

A

Results from the interplay between elasticity and inertia

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3
Q

Elasticity

A

-the ability to recover from distortion of shape
—makes string go up and down and return to its resting point

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4
Q

Inertia

A

-the tendency of an object to resist any change in motion
-makes string keep going and moving past it’s resting point

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5
Q

Friction

A

-is a damped vibration where an object ceases to vibrate
-causes amplitude of vibration to decrease over time

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

-amount of displacement from equilibrium
-how big the vibration is (m)

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7
Q

Frequency

A

-how fast an object is vibrating (Hz)
-cycles per sec

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8
Q

1ms=?sec

A

.001 sec

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9
Q

Period

A

-amount of time it takes to complete 1 cycle
-1/frequency=____sec

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10
Q

Duration

A

-total amount of time the object vibrates(sec)

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11
Q

Phase

A

Position within a cycle of vibration related to a circle (degrees)

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12
Q

Waveform

A

-waveform=c/f=___m

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13
Q

X and Y axis of waveform

A

X axis: time
Y axis: amplitude

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14
Q

X and Y axis of amplitude spectrum

A

X axis: frequency
Y axis: amplitude

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15
Q

X and Y axis of phase spectrum

A

X axis: frequency
Y axis: phase

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16
Q

Simple sounds

A

-sounds with energy at only one frequency
-waveform looks like a consistent wave
-spectrum only have one dot/ line

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17
Q

Complex sounds

A

-the sun of 2 or more since waves
-phase spectrum doesn’t show anything

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18
Q

Periodic sounds

A

-simple or complex sound that repeats itself over time
-simple periodic: pure tone or sinusoid
Complex periodic: harmonic sound

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19
Q

Harmonic series (Fourier series)

A

-each tone is a harmonic and the full set of harmonics is a harmonic series
-series of pure tones related systematically to F0

20
Q

Fundamental Frequency (F0)

A

The lowest in frequency and highest in amplitude
-f(n)=f(0)*n

21
Q

Aperiodic sounds

A

-sounds that do not repeat over time
-no common factor
-transient and noise

22
Q

Transient

A

Brief sound with a duration of less than one millisecond

23
Q

Noise

A

Duration is typically longer than one millisecond and amplitude/phase of sine waves are random

24
Q

Vowels and voiced sounds??

A

-Harmonic series

25
Q

Fricatives??

A

-Noise

26
Q

B,D,G??

A

Harmonic and transient

27
Q

P,T,K??

A

Transient

28
Q

What is pure tone??

A

Simple periodic

29
Q

What is harmonic series

A

Complex periodic

30
Q

What is transient and noise??

A

Complex aperiodic

31
Q

How does sound propagate?

A

-sound wave propagates through medium; transfer of energy from air molecule to air molecule
-air molecules move back and forth over its resting point and disturbs adjacent molecule to transmit away

32
Q

Compression

A

-high pressure
-medium is compressed creating higher than normal density

33
Q

Rarefaction

A

-low pressure
-medium is stretched causing lower than normal density

34
Q

Speed of sound in air and water

A

Air: 344m/s
Water:1400m/s
-water is faster

35
Q

Define wavelength

A

The distance between peaks of a wave
-wavelength=c/f

36
Q

Difference between period and wavelength

A

Wavelength: measure of distance
Period: measure of time

37
Q

A compression and rarefaction interfering will…

A

Cancel out one another

38
Q

Two compressions interfering; 2 rarefactions interfering will….

A

Reinforce one another

39
Q

Loudness

A

-a psychological attribute of sound intensity perceptually quantified by a listener

40
Q

Pitch

A

-a psychological attribute of sound frequency perceptually quantified by a listener

41
Q

Decibel definition

A

A measure of relative intensity (sound pressure)

42
Q

Threshold of hearing (dB)

A

0dB

43
Q

Whisper(dB)

A

30dB

44
Q

Conversation (dB)

A

60dB

45
Q

Painfully loud sound (dB)

A

130dB

Speech And Hearing Sciences (3 decks)

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