Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANSC 301 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What term is used to describe the infolding of cell sheets into an embryo?

A

invagination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Every mammal has a similar gestation growth curve, it only varies by time. T/F?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to an Oocyte upon fertilization (Oocyte Activation)?

A

massive cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following is not a step in prenatal development?

A

structural phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What term is used to describe cells that replicate inside of an embryo resulting in new cell layers?

A

ingression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name of the first embryonic structure that is associated with the nervous system?

A

hensen’s node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is not a primary germ layer

A

sclerotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the tissue that lies along the back of an embryo and forms from the head to tail

A

somite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tissues are formed from the Myotome

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What tissue is formed from the Sclerotome

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what part of the dog do you see the most injuries occuring?

A

stifle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

length of forearm should be ____ _____ as the shoulder bone

A

same length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a way you can observe a dog’s hip and bone formation?

A

make them sit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the correct way for a dog to sit?

A

dog should sit squarely; should be a straight angle from head to butt
hips should be round, smooth NOT too large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the dog?

A

to work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the most work done on the dog?

A

withers + shoulder (front side of body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where is most work done on horse/cattle?

A

hind legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

we judge animals by their ___?

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dog breed matters, T/F?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a working dog should have their head + shoulder ___ than the back

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

great danes function as what kind of dog?

A

working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pit bulls function as

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pit bulls function as what kind of dog?

A

working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in the dog, the shoulder joint should lay at what angle, so that the point of shoulder needs to be directly aligned with front toe

A

30 degree angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the dog’s most efficient gait?

A

trot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which gait correlates with the dog’s run

A

rotary gallop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how many gaits does the dog have?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

totipotent/stem cells are?

A

not determined, can become anything; cancerous unless regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

embryonic growth

A

development of all tissues of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the larger the body size, the ____ the gestation

A

longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the ___ developed the animal, the longer gestation

A

more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

fertilization to implantation

A

ovum phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

implantation until organism resembles mature form

A

embryonic phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

point where species identification can be established

A

fetal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

unfertilized egg

A

ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

protective layer surrounding ovum that sperm must penetrate in order for fertilization to occur

A

zona pellucida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

once ovum is fertilized it is called…

A

zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

increased metabolism due to fertilization; massive cellular division occurs; haploid division or pronuclei; high levels of cell activity instantly

A

oocyte activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how long does the ovum phase take?

A

11-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

part of ovum phase where there is rapid cell division with no increase in size; DNA synthesis, but no protein synthesis; increase in cell numbers with decrease in cell size; preparing for rapid protein synthesis; stops when ovum contacts uterine wall

A

cleavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what cell forms every tissue of the body?

A

blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

tissue that is wrapped around the zygote to prevent immune response and implants to the uterine wall

A

placenta

43
Q

cavity inside blastocyst that holds growth hormone

A

blastocoel

44
Q

what cell layer start becoming the placenta during the ovum phase?

A

trophectoderm

45
Q

where inner cell mass becomes closely associated

A

compaction

46
Q

embryo splitting yields many twins (clones) - more susceptible to disease

A

inner cell mass

47
Q

ability to change, can become any tissue in body (totipotent/stem cells or pluripotent)

A

plasticity

48
Q

pregnancy that occurs outside the womb, outside the uterine wall

A

ectopic

49
Q

what do you need before implantation can happen?

A

developed animal pole

50
Q

what muscle controls how close the testicles are to the body to regulate temperature

A

cremaster muscle

51
Q

infolding of cell sheets into embryo

A

invagination

52
Q

creation of shape

A

morphogenesis

53
Q

formation of new layers by inward rolling of cells along an existing membrane

A

involution

54
Q

cells replicate on the internal aspects of existing cellular layers and form a new layer

A

ingression

55
Q

splitting of one sheet into two sheets; dividing an existing cell layer into two separate layers

A

delamination

56
Q

the expansion of one cell sheet over other cells; increase cell numbers on the surface of an embryo

A

epiboly

57
Q

what is the first stage of embryonic phase?

A

formation of blastocyst

58
Q

what is the origin, progenitor cell; trophectoderm turns into this…

A

trophoblast

59
Q

what are the 3 primary tissue layers during epiblast formation

A
  1. epiblast: forms all tissue of body at this stage
  2. hypoblast: becomes all extracellular bodies of animal in the womb
  3. trophoblast: group of cells that resides around the embryo
60
Q

what is the first stage of head development; the development of head and neural tissues

A

gastrulation

61
Q

part of embryonic phase where regions begin to control development NOT individual cell control; cells begin first steps of determination

A

gastrulation

62
Q

what are the two new layers formed during/after gastrulation?

A

endoderm: becomes inside
ectoderm: becomes outside

63
Q

what are the two new layers formed during/after gastrulation?

A

endoderm: becomes inside
ectoderm: becomes outside

64
Q

inner cell mass = ___ pole

A

animal

65
Q

where does head formation occur?

A

in front of Henson’s node

66
Q

what is the 1st signs of nervous system

A

development of Henson’s node

67
Q

as epiblast replicates cells begin to migrate in towards center of embryo; this migration causes development of the what…

A

primitive groove

68
Q

primitive groove –> ___ and ___

A

notochord; neural chord

69
Q

what are the primary germ layers

A
  1. ectoderm: cells that form the skin and neuronal tissue
  2. mesoderm: cells that form muscle, fat, and bone; important to animal scientists
  3. endoderm: form respiratory and digestive systems
70
Q

hypoblast –> ___ + ____

A

ectoderm + mesoderm

71
Q

what increases ectodermal development, where brain development comes from?

A

melatonin

72
Q

when a cell can only be one specific thing, other genes are still present but turned off

A

determined

73
Q

event during development that results in the formation of the spinal cord precursors; occurs during gastrulation

A

neurulation

74
Q

when ectodermic cells have become determined, what do they form?

A

spinal chord precursors

75
Q

what species is so extremely inbred that they are more likely to be born with two heads than beef cattle

A

dairy cattle

76
Q

are humans relatively inbred?

A

yes, we are traced back to 4 individual lineages

77
Q

during neuralation, there is further differentiation into 3 tissues:

A

neural ectoderm, neural tube, notochord

78
Q

the progenitor cell for neural ectoderm are ___ cells

A

epiblastic

79
Q

neural tube becomes what?

A

spinal chord - nerves of the body

80
Q

notochord becomes what?

A

spinal column

81
Q

where is the notochord located?

A

directly below the neural tube

82
Q

development occurs from ___ to ___

A

head to tail

83
Q

all external tissues come from ___ structures

A

somite

84
Q

mesodermal cells come from ____ cells; becomes muscle and bone

A

epiblast

85
Q

the minute the nerves attach to the somite, it is spatially determined to the animal; they develop from head to toe once there is neural connection

A

somites

86
Q

mesodermal cells form two cell layers:

A

paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm

87
Q

the paraxial and lateral mesoderm form the ___ as embryo matures; all tissue in the body originate from these structures

A

somites

88
Q

somites form from caudal to rostral

A

directional formation

89
Q

somite forms its own ___, which is formed from the alignment of columnar cells and contains high concentration of growth factors (EGF + IGF)

A

Somitocoele

90
Q

dermatome form what?

A

skin + hair

91
Q

sclerotome forms what?

A

bone

92
Q

what causes replication of dermatome and myotome?

A

hyaluronic acid

93
Q

what controls development from a very young age

A

neural tissue

94
Q

what is the major function of fetal development?

A

increase in size

95
Q

what is the minor function of fetal development?

A

maturation and specialization of some tissues

96
Q

measurement of prenatal development that is best for use in early stages, count number of paired somites, and is well defined in poultry and mice

A

somite formation

97
Q

measurement of prenatal development that is a poor estimator and is unreliable in the 3rd trimester

A

weight

98
Q

measurement of prenatal development that measures crown-rump length (poll to ishium); measure hips to determine how old the animal is; it is not very reliable

age (months) = (CLR(inch) x 2)1/2

A

length

99
Q

Which of the following can replace Myf-5

A

MyoD

100
Q

Myoblasts are non-determined cells that can contribute to muscle formation or connective tissue formation depending upon where they originate from the somite? True or false?

A

false

101
Q

Which of the following is NOT a MRF

A

myostatin

102
Q

How do E proteins regulate muscle formation

A

dimer with MRF’s and prevent DNA binding

103
Q

which stage of the mitotic cycle is the most variable

A

G1

ANSC 301 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions