Exam 2

Question 1

what layer is only found in thick skin

Answer 1

stratum lucidum

Question 2

what layer does mitosis occur in

Answer 2

stratum basale

Question 3

the dermis is composed of

Answer 3

connective tissue, papillary, & reticular

Question 4

stratum corneum function

Answer 4

prevents unwanted materials from entering, and excessive loss of water from exiting the body

Question 5

Stratum lucidum function

Answer 5

protects the areas most common to damages such as palms of the hand, side fingers and the bottoms of the feet

Question 6

stratum granulosum function

Answer 6

accumulates granules. These granules contain lipids help to form a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body

Question 7

Stratum spinosum function

Answer 7

helps make your skin flexible and strong

Question 8

Two primary functions of the stratum basale

Answer 8

1) proliferation and 2) attachment of the epidermis to the dermis

Question 9

where are merocrine glands found

Answer 9

salvillary glands and sweat
exocrine

Question 10

example of Apocrine

Answer 10

breast feeding

Question 11

where are holocrine glands found

Answer 11

oils in hair & skin

Question 12

4 types of tissue

Answer 12

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue

Question 13

epithelial tissue

Answer 13

avascular with no blood supply. doesn’t have nerves supplied

Question 14

Connective tissue

Answer 14

vascular and is rich in blood vessels. innervated except for cartilage

Question 15

where is epithelial tissue found

Answer 15

covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts; it also forms glands.

Question 16

where is connective tissue found

Answer 16

protects and supports the body and its organs. Binds organs together, store energy reserves as fat

Question 17

purpose of muscular tissue

Answer 17

generates heat that warms the body

Question 18

purpose of nervous tissue

Answer 18

detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body and responds by generating electrical signals called nerve action potentials that activate muscular contractions and glandular secretions

Question 19

Exocrine glands secrete

Answer 19

substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface

Question 20

Endocrine glands secrete

Answer 20

products directly into the bloodstream

Question 21

Connective tissues are characterized by

Answer 21

an abundance of intercellular matrix with relatively few cells

Question 22

Keratinocytes

Answer 22

a fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals. decreases water entry and loss

Question 23

Melanocytes

Answer 23

8% of the epidermal cells are melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the body

Question 24

Dendritic cells

Answer 24

arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis, where they constitute about 5% of the epidermal cells

Question 25

Tactile epithelial cells

Answer 25

make up about 2% of epidermal cells. They are located in the deepest layer of the epidermis

Question 26

The extracellular matrix contains

Answer 26

15% water, 30% collagen, and 55% crystalized mineral salts

Question 27

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 27

only cells to undergo cell division resulting cells develop into osteoblasts

Question 28

Osteoblast

Answer 28

bone building cells. Synthesize collagen fibers and initiate calcification

Question 29

Osteocytes

Answer 29

mature bone cells. Main cells in bone tissue and maintain its metabolism

Question 30

Osteoclasts

Answer 30

functions in bone resportion and breakdown of bone extracellular matrix

Question 31

Osteoporosis

Answer 31

causes bones to become weak and brittle, low calcium

Question 32

Fibrous Joint

Answer 32

suture (sutures in the skull)

Question 33

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 33

where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage (hip, vertebrae)

Question 34

Synovial Joint

Answer 34

allows for movement (shoulder, elbow knee)

Question 35

Synarthrosis joint

Answer 35

allows for no movement (sutures in skull)

Question 35

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 35

connected by cartilage or ligaments, slightly moveable

Question 36

Diarthroses

Answer 36

free moving joint

Question 37

articular capsule function

Answer 37

a fluid-filled fibrous structure that surrounds the synovial joints of the body. It forms a seal around joints via fibrocartilage tissue that attaches to the bones that make up a joint

Question 38

Types of movement at synovial joints

Answer 38

gliding, angular, rotational, or special movement

Question 39

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 39

hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (atlantoaxial joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint)

Question 40

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 40

Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low

Question 41

Colles Fracture

Answer 41

fracture in radius

Question 42

Pott Fracture

Answer 42

fracture in fibula

Question 43

Greenstick Fracture

Answer 43

bend in the bones

Question 44

Comminuted Fracture

Answer 44

shattered humerus

Question 45

Open Fracture

Answer 45

break in humerus