Exam 2 Flashcards
What are some ways a person can get laryngitis?
Yelling, screaming at a concert, laughing a lot or speaking loudly
What is laryngitis?
Laryngitis occurs when the vocal folds become swollen and cause a change in voice quality
Aphonia is
Complete loss of voice
What are three important factor to look for in voice quality?
1.Hoarse
2. Harsh
3. Breathy
Excess muscle tension
Harsh voice quality
Partial whisper
Breathy voice quality
A combination of harsh and breathy voice
Hoarse voice quality
What can cause a voice disorder
- Atrophy
- Hyper function
- Hypofunction
- Neurological
- psychological factor
What is atophy
A reduction of tissue
What is hyper function
Increased muscle activity
What is hypofunction
Reduced muscle activity
What type of abnormality is seen in 20% of patients with voice disorders
Nodules
Which type of abnormality is kind of like a blister
Polyps
Which type of abnormality is kind of like a callus
Nodules
Nodules can be described as:
Hard and thick mass
Polyps can be described as:
Small balloons with filled blood and other fluids
Which type of abnormality forms on only one side of the vocal folds
polyps
Which type of abnormality forms in pairs
nodules
diplophonia
double voice -vocal folds are vibrating at a different rate
which type of abnormality is seen in 10% of patients with voice problems
polyps
these types of abnormalities are larger than nodules or calluses
polyps
contact ulcers can be caused by
- Excessive slamming during inappropriately low pitch
- Frequent nonproductive(when you dry cough and nothing comes up) coughing or throat clearing
- Gastric reflux resulting in acidic irritation
- Intubation trauma
which type of abnormality looks like warts that occur on the vocal folds
papillomas
papillomas can cause _____ problems if they continue to grow and spread in the vocal folds.
breathing
which type of abnormality effects 10% of patients
carcinoma
If a person gets carcinoma, they may need the larynx removed to prevent metastasize. what is this called
laryngectomy
what is carcinoma
cancerous abnormalities that form in the vocal folds.
examples of voice Disorders resulting from Neurological Impairment are:
paralysis & spasmodic dysphonia
Vocal Abnormalities unrelated (without) to Structural Tissue Change are
- conversion aphonia/dysphonia
- puberphonia
- muscle tension dysphonia
- gender &voice
continued use of a high pitched voice of a male that has already gone through puberty. This is a functional disorder (like Michael Jackson)
puberphonia
caused by lots of tension in the laryngeal muscles
Can be lumps or balls in the larynx
muscle tension dysphonia
want to know what they do for a living, age, gender, ask lots of very detailed questions. (sewing)
patient interview
analysis of what the voice sounds like “how do I perceive the voice” its up to the therapist ear and how she hears the voice.
Can have them sustain a vowel (loud and for as long as they can)
Can have them count
Do a reading sample
Sing
Talk back and forth
Asset their pitch and loudness by sliding up and down a scale
perceptual assessment
two types of assessments
patient interview & perceptual assessment
when doing an assessment what are three main things you look at
1.pitch
2.loudness
3.quality
formal test where we listen to and answer test.
Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)
test where they read statement and check ‘never’ ‘sometimes’ ‘always’. Gives us an idea on how they are feeling on their voice
Voice Handicap Index (VHI)
Flexible Videoendoscopy
goes through the nose, sits on the vocal folds to look at the vocal folds.
Stroboscopy
able to look at the vocal folds and how they move back and forth
two types of instrumental evaluation
flexible videoendoscopy & stroboscopy
cancer in the throat, so they have to remove the larynx or vocal folds. After surgery, you don’t have a larynx, don’t have voice. So have to find a different way to speak.
laryngectomy
Three alternative ways to speak
artificial larynx
esophageal speech
tracheoesophageal speech
what is esophageal speech
uses the esophagus. they take a gulp of air, they push it into the ways of the esophagus and release. May sound like they are talking on burps
what is tracheoesophageal speech
a hole in the throat called soma, when they use it then need to cove it.
what is artificial larynx
two types –
1. (large one)turn in and it vibrates and just need to mouth the words.
2. (small one) little box with tube. Put tube in mouth and it vibrates, they just mouth words.
An opening that passes through one or more structures that is normally closed.
cleft
an opening running through the soft palate and the bony roof of the mouth
cleft palate
opening in the upper lip
cleft lip
how do clefts develop
failure to fuse together
Bones of the hard palate fuse from ____ weeks after conception
8-9
Soft palate fuse by __weeks
12
Cleft palate happens between ___ months of age in the womb
2-3
individuals born with muscle weakness and have lots of air.
Palatopharyngeal inadequacy
The lips are typically surgically repaired within the first ___months of life.
3
As soon as the baby comes out, the main job of the SLP is
feeding
sounds are resonating in the nasal cavity
Hypernasality
air is coming out because they don’t have good velopharyngeal closure
nasal emission
errors that children make because they are trying to compensate for their speech
Compensatory Errors
types of compensatory errors are
glottal stops or
pharyngeal fricatives for stop (plosive) consonants
sounds like you have a cold
denasal
Management of Patients with Oral-Facial Clefts
- SLP
- Pediatrician
- Oral maxilla-facial surgeon
- Plastic surgeon
- Audiologist
- Dentist
- Orthodontist
- Ear-nose-throat doctor
- Social worker
Speech Assessment in cleft palate childen
Articulation testing,
Oral Mechanism exam
Estimates of nasality
Instrumentation (additional
what is tested when using Articulation Testing
single-word articulation tests (what is this, what is this)
collecting speech samples
Attention to Intraoral pressure sounds( listen to pressure sounds) /p/ /k/ /b/ /d/
what is done when doing an oral mechanism exam
looking into the mouth
determine the anatomic and functional abilities of the speech production system
nonspeech(curl & lateralize tongue) and speech tasks
what is looked at for estimates of nasality
Does the person have poor velopharyngeal closure (air coming through the nose)
Are they mildly nasal or excessive nasal
Does it effect their intelligibility
types of Instrumental Assessment of Nasality
nasometer & nasal endoscopy
tube w ball and hose that folds up into the nose. Each time they say puppy the ball move, because air comes out through the nose. Not supposed to happen
nasometer
goes into the nose and look at the velopharyngeal wall
Nasal endoscopy
Pharyngeal flap surgery
cut a long strip of the back of the throat and attach it to the soft palate. Only for people with bad anterior and posterior movement in the pharynx
cut the posterior pillers and attach to the back wall of the pharynx. Only for people with bad lateral movement in the pharynx
Superior sphincter pharyngoplasty Prosthetic Management
two types of secondary surgery
pharynegal flap surgery & superior sphincter pharyngoplasty management
wear like a retainer by putting it into your mouth. Bulb forms good anterior and posterior movement. Allows for closure of the velopharyngeal.
speech bulb
wider than the bulb. lifts the weak soft palate in order for velopharyngeal closure to take place
Palatal Lift
two types of speech appliances
palatal lift & speech bulb
is used to describe speech that is effortless in nature. It is easy, rhythmical, and evenly flowing
fluency
atypical disruption in the flow of speech
stuttering
o Guitar (2005) – 3 part definition of stuttering
- high frequency or duration of repetitions, prolongations, and/or blockages that interrupt the flow of speech
- combined with excessive mental and physical effort to resume talking
- Negative perceptions of their communication abilities
Basic Facts of Stuttering – Table 8-2
- 1% of the school-age population stutters
- 5% have stuttered for a period of 6 months or more at some point in their lives
- Seen more in males than females - 3:1(boys to girls)
- For 50% or more of people who stutter, other family member also stutters
- 90% of people who stutter started by 7 years of age
- Spontaneous Recovery - 50% of children
Primary Stuttering Behaviors/Core Behaviors
- Sound repetitions
- Prolongations
- Inaudible sound prolongation/block
Sound repetitions are
Repetitions of sounds (baseb,b,b,b,ball)
prolongations are
prolong a sound (v——–an)
Inaudible sound prolongation/block are
Holding articulators in place to say the sound, articulators are tense and no sound releases.
secondary stuttering behaviors is the
adaptation that stutterers make to try as they get through the stuttering behaviors to avoid them. something they do to get out of stuttering
secondary stuttering behaviors
blinking
open their jaws
pursue their lips
change their words
flap arms or hands
stomp on the floor while they say a word
insert /uh/ before the word they stutter on
contact ulcers
develop at sites of ulceration arise at the vocal processes
three type of spasmodic dysphonia
adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia, mixed spasmodic dysphonia
