Exam 2 Flashcards
the ability to do work is called_____
energy
True or false: The total amount of energy in the universe is constant.
true
The energy contained in the covalent bonds of molecules is a form of ______, which can be converted to kinetic energy that the cell can use to do work.
Potential Energy
Some ______ will be lost to the surroundings as heat in every chemical reaction.
Energy
The production of new molecules and the breakdown of old molecules in the cell is called
Metabolism
The ______ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.
First law of thermodynamics
The ______ states that all energy transformations lose heat to the environment.
second law of thermodynamics
Electrons are transferred from one molecule to another in
redox reactions
A(n) ______ reaction is an exergonic reaction because energy is released from an atom or a molecule with loss of an electron.
Oxidation
ATP stands for ______ triphosphate, which is a molecule that powers many cellular reactions.
Adenosine
Photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction because the products contain more_____ than the reactants
energy
What molecule is composed of three phosphate groups and the base adenine bound to the five-carbon sugar ribose?
ATP
In oxidation-reduction reactions, energized ______ are transferred from one molecule to another.
Electrons
An ATP molecule is unstable and primed to release energy because its ______ groups are negatively charged and repel each other.
Phosphate
When the endmost phosphate group is removed from ATP, what molecule is produced?
ADP
