Exam 2 Flashcards
el vecindario
the neighborhood
el vecino/la vecina
the neighbor
la vivienda justa
affordable housing
las afueras
the outskirts
alquitar
to rent
comprar una casa
to buy a house
mudarse
to move (residence)
un apartmento
an apartment
un edificio de apartmento
an apartment building
el patio
the patio/yard
el jardin
the garden
el garaje
the garage
la entrada de la casa
the entrance of the house
el pasillo de casa
the house hallway
el balcon
the balcony
el sotona
the basement
el atico
the attic
las habitaciones/los caurtos
the rooms
la oficina
the office
el dormitorio
the bedroom
el estudio
the study room
el comedor
the dining room
la cocina
the kitchen
la sala
the living room
el bano
the bathroom
las ventanas
the windows
la lampara
the lamp
las cortinas
the curtains
el sofa
the couch/sofa
el sillon
the armchair
la pintura/el cuadro
the picture/painting
la luz
the light/electricity
la comoda
the chest of drawer
la mesita
the end table
la alfombra
the carpet/rug
la estufa
the stove
el congelador
the freezer
la refriderador
the refrigerator
el horno
the oven
el (horno) microondas
the microwave (oven)
el lavaplatos
the dishwasher
el basurero
the trash can
los vasos
the glasses (cups)
los platos
the dishes
los cubiertos
the silverware
la cuchara
the spoon
el tenedor
the fork
el cuchillo
the knife
las servilletas
the napkins
las copas
the wine glasses
las tazas
the mugs
el armario
the closet
las camas
the beds
la ropa
the clothes/cloth
la ropa sucio
the dirty laundry/clothes
la almohada
the pillow
la manta
the blanket
las sabanas
the sheets
el estante
the shelf
la aspiradora
the vacuum cleaner
el lavabo
the sink
el inodoro/el vator
the toilet
las toallas
the towels
los meubles
the furniture
uses of relative pronouns
to combine two sentences or clauses that share a common element
que
“that”; most common relative pronoun; can refer to things or people
quien(es)
“who”; can only refer to people and is always used after a preposition; can be used without a preposition but must be between two commas
lo que
“what”; refers to an idea, situation, or past event (does not need to be mentioned)
spell changes in usted(es) commands
-gar => -gu; -car => -qu; -zar => c (sacar => saque)
how to make ustedes-commands
1) conjugate in yo-form
2) drop the final -o
3) add: -ar => -e
-er/-ir => -a
how to make usted-commands
1) conjugate in yo-form
2) drop the final -o
3) add: -ar => -e
-er/-ir => -a
how to make ustedes-commands
1) conjugate in yo-form
2) drop the final -o
3) add: -ar => -en
-er/-ir => -an
what is the same in usted(es) commands conjugations?
the affirmative and negative conjugations are the same
where does the reflexive pronoun go in an affirmative usted(es) command?
attached to the end of the verb
where does the reflexive pronoun go in an negative usted(es) command?
before the verb, after “no”
what are tu- and usted(es)-commands in?
imperative form
what type of subjunctive verbs are there?
mood/mode and tenses
when is the subjunctive used?
when a sentence is uncertain or indefinite (hypothetical)
what triggers the subjunctive?
WEIRDO -
W: wishes/wants
E: emotions
I: impersonal expressions
R: requests/recommendations
D: doubts/denial/disbelief
O: Ojala => hopefully
subjunctive endings for -ar verbs
-e -emos
-es -eis
-e -en
subjunctive endings for -er/-ir verbs
-a -amos
-as -ais
-a -an
jugar subjunctive conjugation
juege, jueges, juege, jugemos, jugeis, juegen
where is there no stem change in a stem changing subjunctive verb?
nosotros and vosotros
when is there an irregular stem change in a stem changing subjunctive verb?
sentir and dormir
sentir subjunctive conjugation
sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintais, sientan
dormir subjunctive conjugation
duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmais, duerman
why are there spell changes in the subjunctive?
to maintain the hard consonant sound
irregular subjunctive verbs
dar, estar, saber, ir, ser
dar subjunctive conjugation
de, des, de, demos, deis, den
estar subjunctive conjugation
este, estes, este, estemos, esteis, esten
ir subjunctive conjugation
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayais, vayan
saber subjunctive conjugation
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepais, sepan
ser subjunctive conjugation
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seais, sean
hay subjunctive conjugation
haya
verbs of will and influence
used in subjunctive; do not refer to people
an example of verbs of will and influence
es importante que…
es urgente que…
es necesario que…
indirect object pronouns
me, te, le, nos, os, les
direct object pronouns
me, te, lo/la, nos, os, los/las
formula of a sentence with a verb of will and influence
Subject + IOP + Verb + Conjunction
reflexive pronouns
me, te, se, nos, os, se
