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MCB 245 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Long bones

A

Greater in length than width, e.g: femur, humerus

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2
Q

Short bones

A

Length nearly equal to width, e.g carpals and tarsals

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3
Q

Flat bones

A

Flat, thin surfaces, may be slightly curved, e.g. cranial bones

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4
Q

Irregular bones

A

Elaborate, sometimes complex shapes; e.g. vertebrae

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5
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

blood cell production

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6
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells that mature to become osteoblasts

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7
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Immature cell that secretes osteoid

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Multinucleate cell that secretes acids and eyzmes to dissolve bone matrix

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10
Q

Osteogenesis/Ossification

A

Formation and development of bone

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11
Q

Osteons

A

Basic functional and structural unit of mature compact bone

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12
Q

Trabeculae

A

Highly porous form of bone tissue that is organized into a network of interconnected rods and plates which surrounds pores that are filled with bone marrow

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13
Q

Endochondral Ossification (6 steps)

A
  1. 8-12 weeks: fetal hyaline cartilage model develops
  2. Fetal period: cartilage calcifies and a periostal bone collar forms around diaphysis
  3. Fetal period: primary ossification center forms in diaphysis
  4. Newborn to child: secondary ossification centers form in epiphysis
  5. Child: bone replaces cartilage except articular cartilage
  6. Late teens to adult: epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines
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14
Q

Intramembranous Ossification (4 parts)

A
  1. Ossification centers form within thickened regions of mesenchyme
  2. Osteoid undergoes calcification.
  3. Woven bone and surrounding periosteum form.
  4. Lamellar bone replaces woven bone as compact and spongy born form.
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15
Q

Compact bone components

A
  • central canal: cylindric canal in center
  • concentric lamellae: parallel to blood vesels and nerves
  • osteocytes: mature bone cells
  • canaliculi: tiny interconnecting channels within bone connective
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16
Q

Spongy bone components

A
  • trabeculae: meshwork of criss cross bars and plates of small bone plates, evenly distributes weight
  • parallel lamellae

NO OSTEONS

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17
Q

Axial skeleton

A
  • composed of bones along central body axis
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18
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Attachment site for neck ligaments and muscles, occipital bone

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19
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Articulate with first cervical vertebrae, occipital bone

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20
Q

Superior and inferior temporal lines

A

Attachment sites for termporalis muscle, on parietal bone

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21
Q

Squamous part of frontal bone

A

Attachment of scalp muscles

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22
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air, and give resonance to voice, on frontal bone

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23
Q

Petrous part of temporal bone

A

Protects sensory structures in inner ear, temporal bone

24
Q

Squamous part of temporal bone

A

Attachment site of some jaw muscles, temporal bone

25
Q

Mastoid process

A

Attachment sight of some neck muscles to extend or rotate head, temporal bone

26
Q

Styloid process

A

Attachment site for hyoid bone ligaments and muscles, temporal bone

27
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Articulates with zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch, temporal bone

28
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Articulates with mandible, temporal bone

29
Q

Body of sphenoid

A

Houses sphenoidal sinuses, sphenoid bone

30
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

A

Attachment sites for chewing muscles, sphenoid bone

31
Q

Lesser wings

A

Form part of anterior cranial fossa; contain optic canals, sphenoid bone

32
Q

Greater wings

A

Form part of middle cranial fossa, lateral surfaces of skull, and orbits, sphenoid bone

33
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses

A

Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air, and give resonance to voice

34
Q

Cribiform Plate

A

Contains cribiform foramina for passageway of olfactory nerves, ethmoid bone

35
Q

Crista galli

A

Attachment site for cranial dural septa to help stabilize brain within the skull, ethmoid bone

36
Q

Nasal conchae (middle and superior)

A

Increase airflow turbulence through nasal cavity so air can be adequately moistened and cleaned by nasal mucosa, ethmoid bone

37
Q

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

A

Forms superior part of nasal septum

38
Q

Alveolar process of maxillae

A

Houses the teeth, maxillae

39
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Lightens bones

40
Q

Orbital surface

A

Forms part of orbit, maxillae

41
Q

Palatine process

A

Forms most of bony palate, maxillae

42
Q

Horizontal plate (palatine bone)

A

Forms posterior part of hard palate, palatine bone

43
Q

Vomer

A

Forms inferior and posterior part of nasal septum

44
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A

curved bone that projects medially from lateral walls of nasal cavity

45
Q

temporal process of zygomatic bone

A

Articulates with temporal bone to form zygomatic arch, zygomatic bone

46
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Each forms part of medial wall of orbit

47
Q

Alveolar process (mandible)

A

Houses teeth

48
Q

Angle of mandible

A

Junction between body and ramus

49
Q

Body of mandible

A

Horizontal portion of mandible

50
Q

Condylar process

A

Posterior projection off ramus, contains head of mandible

51
Q

Coronoid process

A

Anterior projection off ramus

52
Q

Head of mandible

A

Articulates with temporal bone

53
Q

Mandibular notch

A

U shaped depression between coronoid and condylar processes

54
Q

Mental protuberance

A

Forms chin, mandible

55
Q

Ramus

A

Vertical portion of mandible

MCB 245 (5 decks)

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