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A&P2 Lab > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the flow of blood through the heart

A

1 deoxygenated blood enters from the superior or inferior vena cava
2 blood travels through the RIGHT atrium
3 (lub lub) through the tricuspid valve (aka RIGHT atroventricular valve)
4 blood travels through the RIGHT ventricle
5 (dub dub) through the pulmonary semilunar valve
6 blood travels through the pulmonary trunk
7 deoxygenated blood exits to the right and left lung from the right and left pulmonary ARTERIES
8 oxygenated blood reenters from the right and left lung into the 2 right & 2 left pulmonary VEINS
9 blood travels through the LEFT atrium
10 (lub lub) through the mitral/bicuspid valve (aka LEFT atroventricular valve)
11 blood travels through the LEFT ventricle
12 (dub dub) through the aortic semilunar valve
13 into aorta (ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending aorta)
14 exits through the right brachiocephalic/common carotid artery - right subclavian artery, left brachiocephalic/common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery

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2
Q

foramen ovale

A

fetal shunt/opening between the right and left atria

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3
Q

fossa ovalis

A

was once a shunt/opening between right and left atria

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4
Q

foramen ovale is to fossa ovalis as

ductus arteriosus is to

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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5
Q

name the 4 heart valves

A

tricuspid valve/ RIGHT atroventricular valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

mitral/bicuspid valve/ LEFT atroventricular valve

aortic semilunar valve

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6
Q

name the 4 heart chambers

A

upper chambers: right and left atrium (atria)

lower chambers: right and left ventricles

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7
Q

systole

A

contraction of ventricles

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8
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of ventricles

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9
Q

pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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10
Q

trabeculae carnea

A

muscle within the ventricles

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11
Q

pectinate muscle

A

muscle within the atria (atriums)

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12
Q

chordae tendineae

A

papillary muscles

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13
Q

arteriole

A

primary controller of blood pressure

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14
Q

normal BP

A

less than 120 and less than 80

119/79

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15
Q

high BP

A

*hypertension

149/90 +

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16
Q

M.A.P

A

mean arterial pressure (blood pressure)
must be 60mmHg or greater

MAP = diastolic + (pulse pressure/3)

*example: 90/60

MAP = 60 + ((90-60)/3)
MAP = 60 + (30/3)
MAP = 60 + 10
MAP = 70
17
Q

arteries and blood flow

A

blood vessels that always carry blood AWAY from the heart

18
Q

veins and blood flow

A

blood vessels that always carry blood TOWARD the heart

19
Q

sphygomomanometer

A

blood pressure cuff

20
Q

where is blood pressure typically measured?

A

in the brachial artery

21
Q

korotkoff

A

the two distinct sounds heard while taking blood pressure

22
Q

describe the top and bottom numbers of blood pressure

A

top number - systolic - contraction

bottom number - diastolic - relaxation

23
Q

the first heart sound (lub) is the closing of what?

A

tricuspid valve/ RIGHT atroventricular valve

mitral/bicuspid valve/ LEFT atroventricular valve

24
Q

the second heart sound (dub) is the closing of what?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

aortic semilunar valve

25
Q

where are the sounds of the aortic and pulminary semilunar valves heard?

A

aortic - 2nd intercostal on right side

pulmonary - 2nd intercostal on left side

26
Q

where are the sounds of the mitral and tricuspid valves heard?

A

mitral - 5th intercostal in line with middle of clavicle (left)

tricuspid - 5th intercostal on the right side

27
Q

describe the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

A

SA node (pacemaker)

AV node

Bundle of HIS

Bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

28
Q

SA node function and location

A

function: sends electrical signal that causes upper heart atria to contract
location: right upper chamber (atria)

29
Q

AV node function and location

A

function: cause lower heart chambers (ventricles) to contract/pump
location: floor of thee right atrium/between atria and ventricles

30
Q

what provides extrinsic control of the heart rate?

A

parasympathetic nervous system (vagus nerve x - longest cranial nerve from face to abdomen)

sympathetic nervous system

75 beats per minute

31
Q

P wave of an EKG

A

SA node and atrial depolarization

32
Q

QRS wave of an EKG

A

AV node and ventricular depolarization

33
Q

T wave of an EKG

A

ventricular repolarization

34
Q

capillary

A

smallest of the blood vessels

site of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange between blood and tissue cells

35
Q

murmurs

A

abnormal heart sounds
usually indicate valvular problems
*valves do not close tightly, so closure is followed by a wishing sound due to backflow of blood (regurgitation)

36
Q

describe the celiac trunk and its branches

A

delivers blood to organs in abdomen

branches: left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

37
Q

name the 3 layers of a typical artery or vein

A

tunica intima

tunica media

tunic externa

A&P2 Lab (3 decks)

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