Exam 1

Question 1

Thyroid gland produces

Answer 1

thyroglobulin (t3 and t4)

Question 2

most important regulator of blood calcium

Answer 2

parathyroid glands

Question 3

Pancreas endocrine and exocrine functions

Answer 3

endocrine: Islet of Langerhans produces glucagon and insulin from beta and alpha cells to control blood glucose
exocrine: acinar (acini) cells produce and release digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct to be sent to the small intestine (duodenum)

Question 4

testes

Answer 4

seminiferous tubules: produce sperm

interstitial cells of leydig: produce testosterone

Question 5

homologous structures of males and females

Answer 5

clit - penis

labia majora - scrotum

greater vestibular glands - bulbourethral glands

Question 6

what makes up sperm?

Answer 6

60% seminal vesicle

30% prostate

10% epididymis

(trace) bulbourethral gland and duct

Question 7

describe the corpus luteum

Answer 7

yellow body with the ovary that produces estrogen and progesterone

Question 8

describe the parts of whole blood

Answer 8

55% plasma

• 90% water
• contains a plasma protein named Albumin; osmotic regulator/osmotic balance and PH buffering

45% red blood cells/erythrocytes (live 120 days)

less than 1% buffy coat/white blood cells/leukocytes

Question 9

hematocrit

Answer 9

% of RBC’s

Question 10

describe red blood cells

Answer 10

erythrocytes

no nucleus

short life (120 days)

4-6 million

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 11

what are the type of WBC’s?

“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

Answer 11

Neutrophil
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophil
Basophil

Question 12

neutrophil

Answer 12

least amount of cells

nucleus multilobed

*phagocytizes bacteria/bacteria slayers

Question 13

lymphocytes

Answer 13

second to least amount of cells

T cells or B cells

nucleus spherical or dented/ PALE BLUE CYTOPLASM

*mount immune response by direct cell attack (T) or via antibodies (B)

Question 14

monocytes

Answer 14

middle man for amount of cells

nucleus is U or kidney shaped

*phagocytosis; develop into macrophages in tissues (kill bacteria)

Question 15

eosinophil

Answer 15

second most amount of cells

nucleus bilobed/red cytoplasm

• kill parasitic worms
• destroy antigen-antibody complexes
• inactivate some inflammatory chemicals of allergy

Question 16

basophil

Answer 16

most amount of cells

nucleus bilobed

large blue/purple

• release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
• contains heparin (an anticoagulant/prevents blood clots)

Question 17

describe platelets

Answer 17

thrombocytes

• seals small tears in blood vessels
• instrumental in blood clotting