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PEDS > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Impetigo is caused by what bacteria?

A

Staphylococci and/or streptococci

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2
Q

Medication used for ringworm on scalp?

A

oral griseofulvin for about 8 weeks

-monitor liver bloodwork

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3
Q

Recommended hot water temperature from CDC?

A

120 degrees

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4
Q

At what age is sunscreen appropriate for children?

A

6 months

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5
Q

When is the newborn metabolic screening done?

A

after 24 hours of age

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6
Q

Most common form of precocious puberty

A

central precocious puberty

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7
Q

Management for delayed puberty

A

testosterone for males

estradiol conjugated for females

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8
Q

How long do antifungals need to be used for tinea infections?

A

at least 4 weeks

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9
Q

When should the neural tube close?

A

3rd and 4th week of gestation.

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10
Q

Non communicating causes of hydrocephaly?

A

arnold chiari malformation, tumors

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11
Q

Communicating causes of hydrocephaly?

A

intrauterine infections, hemorrhage

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12
Q

What is considered epilepsy?

A

2 or more unprovoked seizures > 24 hours apart. Epilepsy occurs within the brain.

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13
Q

Febrile seizures are most common in what age group?

A

< 5 years old

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14
Q

Common bacterial causes of meningitis in newborns

A

Group B strep, E choli, Listeria monocytogenes

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15
Q

Common bacterial causes of meningitis in infants and children?

A

Strep pneumonia, Neisseria meningitis, Hib

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16
Q

Bacterial causes of meningitis in adolescents and young adults?

A

Neisseria meningitis, strep pneumoniae

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17
Q

What is the Barlow test?

A

when there is a clunk when displacing the femoral head posteriorly from the acetabulum

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18
Q

What is the ortolani maneuver?

A

clunk when you relocate a dislocated hip

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19
Q

What is a Galeazzi sign?

A

symmetry in the height of the knees

20
Q

Risk factors for meningitis

A

being in close quarters (sports teams, sharing water bottles, living in a dorm).

21
Q

Vaccines given to infants and children for prevention of meningitis

A

pneumococcal and Hib starting at 2 months

22
Q

When is the meningococcal vaccine given?

A

11-12 and booster at 16

23
Q

When does the neural tube close?

A

3-4th week of gestation

24
Q

What may alter brain and spinal cord development?

A

If the fetus suffers infection, trauma, malnutrition, or teratogen exposure during 3rd-4th week of gestation

25
Q

What is spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)?

A

genetic motor neuron disease that affects the spinal nerves ability to communicate with the muscles

26
Q

Why is meperidine avoided for pain in sickle cell patients?

A

risk of seizures

27
Q

Symptoms of splenic sequestration

A

profound anemia, hypovolemia, and shock

28
Q

Causes of splenic sequestration?

A

pooling of blood and clumping of blood in the spleen

29
Q

When is hemoglobin A transferred to infants

A

about 6 months

30
Q

How much iron store from mother does the infant have before needing to take iron fortified formula or foods?

A

6 months

31
Q

What is thalassemia?

A

unable to produce normal hemoglobin

32
Q

What is Hemosiderosis?

A

Excessive supply of iron

33
Q

What causes hemosiderosis in Beta Thalassemia?

A

result of rapid hemolysis of RBCs, the decrease in hemoglobin production, and the increased absorption of dietary iron in response to the severely anemic state.

34
Q

What is the goal of tx for beta thalassemia?

A

maintain normal hemoglobin levels by the administration of blood transfusions

35
Q

drug used for chelation therapy in beta thalessemia to treat iron overload?

A

Deferoxamine or deferasirox

36
Q

S/sx of pyloric stenosis?

A

projectile vomiting, hunger, weight loss, dehydration with fluid and electrolyte disturbances, increased abd distention, palpable olive shape mass in the epigastric area.

37
Q

What is a pyloric stenosis?

A

muscle around the pylorus enlarges and leads to obstruction during the 1st 3 months of life

38
Q

Risk factors for intussusception

A

male gender, Meckel diverticulum, duplication cysts, polyps, hemangiomas, tumors, appendix, CF, celiac disease, crohn’s disease

39
Q

signs of ulcerative colitis

A

rectal bleeding, severe diarrhea, less frequent pain, mild/mod anorexia, moderate wt. loss, mild growth delay, limited to colon or rectum

40
Q

Signs of crohn’s

A

uncommon to bleed, mod/severe diarrhea, pain is common, maybe severe anorexia, maybe severe wt. loss, maybe severe FTT, extra-gut sx, peri-anal skin tags, any part of GI tract especially the ileum

41
Q

clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis

A 
Fever
Lethargy
Headache
Decreased urine output
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Anorexia
Edema
Hematuria
Proteinuria
cola colored urine
42
Q

clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome

A 
marked edema (recent weight gain)
N/V
weakness/fatigue
fussiness/irritability
massive proteinuria (3+), possibly hematuria
serum protein and albumin levels low
43
Q

Management of glomerulonephritis

A

correct HTN, Na and fluid restrictions, daily weight, close neuro monitoring for encephalopathy and sz

44
Q

Management of nephrotic syndrome

A
  • I/O, daily weight, assess edema, fluid restrictions, diuretics.
  • corticosteroids
  • IV albumin
  • low NaCl
  • immunosuppressive therapy (cytoxan-can help minimize risk of relapse)
45
Q

UTI risk factors

A 
uncircumcised males < 3
plumbing abnormalities
shorter urethra
constipation
hygiene issues
46
Q

What is a VCUG

A

The bladder is filled with contrast material via catheterization. Fluoroscopy is performed to demonstrate filling of the bladder and collapsing after emptying

47
Q

Indications for VCUG

A

Hematuria, urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, suspected structural anomalies

PEDS (8 decks)

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