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Physical Disabilities > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What are five questions that should be asked when one is observing an amputee in an activity?

A

Is the patient using prosthesis spontaneously.
Is it being used as a gross stabilizer or in a non-active pattern of use.
Does the patient use large compensatory body movements instead of pre-positioning components to the optimal decision.
Is the patient overshooting the target.
Is the patient using the proper grip force.

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1
Q

What does AE, TD, and BE stand for

A

Above elbow
Terminal devices
Below elbow

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2
Q

What is meant by pre-positioning TD?

A

Rotating the device to the best position to grasps objects or perform a given activity. Should be used as a normal hand and to avoid or similar awkward body movements that might be used to compensate for poor prepositioning

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3
Q

Why is it important to wrap the stump?

A

Shrinking in shaping the residual limb is necessary to form a tapered shaped limb that will tolerate a prosthesis

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4
Q

What is amputation

A

The removal of an injured or diseased body parts.

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5
Q

What are the two categories of amputations

A

Congenital which is when a limb is missing at birth.

Acquired which is when the loss of part or all of the extremity is a result of trauma or surgery

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6
Q

Approximately how many cases of new amputations occur in the United States each year

A

50,000

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7
Q

What is the ratio of upper limb to lower limb amputation cases

A

1:4

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8
Q

What are some statistics on partial hand amputation

A

61,000 each year
Most common includes the loss of one or more fingers.
The next most common includes the loss of one arm which is about 25,000 per year
10% of upper body amputations are at the wrist and hand.
60% of total wrist and hand amputations are transracial, meaning that the amputation occurs below the elbow
41,000 registered persons had amputation of hand or complete
arm
60% of amputations are between ages 21 and 64 years
10% are under 21 years of age

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9
Q

What are some post operative complications of amputations?

A 
Neuromas which is swelling or tumor along the course of a nerve.
Phantom sensation
Phantom pain
Weakness
Skin breakdown
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10
Q

With amputation what are some loss considerations

A

Psychosocial, self image, roles, abilities

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11
Q

Why are the levels of upper extremity amputations important?

A

Higher-level equals greater functional loss and increased dependence on prosthesis for function and cosmesis

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12
Q

What are some levels of upper extremity amputation

A

Forequarter Short transradial
Shoulder disarticulation. Long transradial
Short transhumeral. Wrist disarticulation
Long transhumeral Transmetacarpal

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13
Q

What is the golden period in an amputation

A

Fitting upper limb prosthetic devices should be done within the first 30 days after the amputation.

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14
Q

What are some examples of mechanical prosthesis

A 
Terminal devices such as hook or cosmetic hand
Wrist unit
Elbow unit
Socket
Harness
Stump sock
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15
Q

What are myoelectric prosthesis

A

Prosthesis that are controlled by electrical signals from the muscles.

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16
Q

What are some post operative care for individuals that Have had an amputation

A 
Stump care/skin hygiene
Stump wrapping
ROM Exercise
Desensitization
Wear schedule and use schedule
Prosthetic skills training
17
Q

What are some of the OT roles regarding amputations

A

Positioning, stump hygiene, dressing training, mobility, transfer training, bathing, pain management, energy conservation, driving, home management, and many more

18
Q

How many cases of AIDS have been reported in South Carolina through December 2008

A

15,176

We are ranked 17th highest

19
Q

What does HIV stand for

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

20
Q

What does AIDS stand for

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome

21
Q

How long can HIV lie

Dormant in the body before symptoms become seen

A

Up to 15 years

22
Q

What is First stage of HIV infection

A

Primary HIV infection; typically occurs within the first few weeks infection
Mononucleosis – like syndrome with fatigue
High fever
Some lymphadenopathy
Anti-body test may result negative

23
Q

What is HIV stage II like

A

Last an average of 10 years
Free of major symptoms
Glands maybe swollen
Antibody test will result positive

24
Q

What is HIV stage III like

A

The lymph nodes and tissues become damaged
HIV mutate becomes more pathogenic, in another words stronger and more varied
The body fails to keep up with replacing the T-helper cells that are lost

25
Q

What is HIV stage IV like

A

This is when the progression of HIV to AIDS occurs
As the immune system becomes more and more damaged, the individual may develop increasingly severe opportunistic infections and cancers, leaving eventually to an AIDS diagnosis

26
Q

What is TB

A

Tuberculosis
Hey disease caused by an organism called Mira bacterium tuberculosis. Bacteria can attack any part of the body, the most commonly attacked arebthe lungs

27
Q

What is South Carolina’s ranking in regards to tuberculosis

A

12 highest rate, 4.2 per 100,000 persons

30.3% of TB cases occurred in foreign-born person

28
Q

Carcinoma arises from what tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

29
Q

Sarcoma arises from what tissue

A

Connective tissue

30
Q

Lymphoma arises from what tissue

A

Cellular components of lymph nodes

31
Q

Leukemia rises from where

A

Blood–forming organs (bone marrow)

32
Q

What devices are used to scan for cancer

A

Lung x-ray for lung cancer
Mammogram for breast cancer
CT with or without contrast for solid tumors
MRI for soft tissue lesions
Bone scans for metastatic lesions to bone and some primary bone tumors
PET scan
Biopsies

33
Q

What are some ways of treating cancer

A 
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Nanotechnology
Targeted therapy 
Immunotherapy
34
Q

What are four reasons that cancer patient may be referred to OT

A

Prevention, restoration, support, palliation

35
Q

What are the six stages of dying

A 
Denial
Bargaining
Anger
Depression
Hope
Acceptance
36
Q

What are some goals for patients with burns

A

Limit loss of range of motion
Reduce edema
Prevent deformity/contracture
Establish rapport/relationship with patient/family

37
Q

What’s are the roles of occupational therapist dealing with burn patients

A 
PROM/AROM
Edema management
Scar management
Splinting/positioning
ADL/Adaptation
Patient/family education
Vocational/social/leisure
38
Q

Why is immobilization important post-op for burns

A

We want the skin to stretch which is a reason for splitting

39
Q

How soon after grafting should a compression garment/support dressing be applied

A

As soon as the skin is intact

40
Q

What is the primary cause of dysfunction after a burn injury

A

Scar contracture

Physical Disabilities (3 decks)

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