Exam 2 Flashcards
What are five questions that should be asked when one is observing an amputee in an activity?
Is the patient using prosthesis spontaneously.
Is it being used as a gross stabilizer or in a non-active pattern of use.
Does the patient use large compensatory body movements instead of pre-positioning components to the optimal decision.
Is the patient overshooting the target.
Is the patient using the proper grip force.
What does AE, TD, and BE stand for
Above elbow
Terminal devices
Below elbow
What is meant by pre-positioning TD?
Rotating the device to the best position to grasps objects or perform a given activity. Should be used as a normal hand and to avoid or similar awkward body movements that might be used to compensate for poor prepositioning
Why is it important to wrap the stump?
Shrinking in shaping the residual limb is necessary to form a tapered shaped limb that will tolerate a prosthesis
What is amputation
The removal of an injured or diseased body parts.
What are the two categories of amputations
Congenital which is when a limb is missing at birth.
Acquired which is when the loss of part or all of the extremity is a result of trauma or surgery
Approximately how many cases of new amputations occur in the United States each year
50,000
What is the ratio of upper limb to lower limb amputation cases
1:4
What are some statistics on partial hand amputation
61,000 each year
Most common includes the loss of one or more fingers.
The next most common includes the loss of one arm which is about 25,000 per year
10% of upper body amputations are at the wrist and hand.
60% of total wrist and hand amputations are transracial, meaning that the amputation occurs below the elbow
41,000 registered persons had amputation of hand or complete
arm
60% of amputations are between ages 21 and 64 years
10% are under 21 years of age
What are some post operative complications of amputations?
Neuromas which is swelling or tumor along the course of a nerve. Phantom sensation Phantom pain Weakness Skin breakdown
With amputation what are some loss considerations
Psychosocial, self image, roles, abilities
Why are the levels of upper extremity amputations important?
Higher-level equals greater functional loss and increased dependence on prosthesis for function and cosmesis
What are some levels of upper extremity amputation
Forequarter Short transradial
Shoulder disarticulation. Long transradial
Short transhumeral. Wrist disarticulation
Long transhumeral Transmetacarpal
What is the golden period in an amputation
Fitting upper limb prosthetic devices should be done within the first 30 days after the amputation.
What are some examples of mechanical prosthesis
Terminal devices such as hook or cosmetic hand Wrist unit Elbow unit Socket Harness Stump sock
What are myoelectric prosthesis
Prosthesis that are controlled by electrical signals from the muscles.
What are some post operative care for individuals that Have had an amputation
Stump care/skin hygiene Stump wrapping ROM Exercise Desensitization Wear schedule and use schedule Prosthetic skills training
What are some of the OT roles regarding amputations
Positioning, stump hygiene, dressing training, mobility, transfer training, bathing, pain management, energy conservation, driving, home management, and many more
How many cases of AIDS have been reported in South Carolina through December 2008
15,176
We are ranked 17th highest
What does HIV stand for
Human immunodeficiency virus
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
How long can HIV lie
Dormant in the body before symptoms become seen
Up to 15 years
What is First stage of HIV infection
Primary HIV infection; typically occurs within the first few weeks infection
Mononucleosis – like syndrome with fatigue
High fever
Some lymphadenopathy
Anti-body test may result negative
What is HIV stage II like
Last an average of 10 years
Free of major symptoms
Glands maybe swollen
Antibody test will result positive
What is HIV stage III like
The lymph nodes and tissues become damaged
HIV mutate becomes more pathogenic, in another words stronger and more varied
The body fails to keep up with replacing the T-helper cells that are lost
What is HIV stage IV like
This is when the progression of HIV to AIDS occurs
As the immune system becomes more and more damaged, the individual may develop increasingly severe opportunistic infections and cancers, leaving eventually to an AIDS diagnosis
What is TB
Tuberculosis
Hey disease caused by an organism called Mira bacterium tuberculosis. Bacteria can attack any part of the body, the most commonly attacked arebthe lungs
What is South Carolina’s ranking in regards to tuberculosis
12 highest rate, 4.2 per 100,000 persons
30.3% of TB cases occurred in foreign-born person
Carcinoma arises from what tissue
Epithelial tissue
Sarcoma arises from what tissue
Connective tissue
Lymphoma arises from what tissue
Cellular components of lymph nodes
Leukemia rises from where
Blood–forming organs (bone marrow)
What devices are used to scan for cancer
Lung x-ray for lung cancer
Mammogram for breast cancer
CT with or without contrast for solid tumors
MRI for soft tissue lesions
Bone scans for metastatic lesions to bone and some primary bone tumors
PET scan
Biopsies
What are some ways of treating cancer
Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Nanotechnology Targeted therapy Immunotherapy
What are four reasons that cancer patient may be referred to OT
Prevention, restoration, support, palliation
What are the six stages of dying
Denial Bargaining Anger Depression Hope Acceptance
What are some goals for patients with burns
Limit loss of range of motion
Reduce edema
Prevent deformity/contracture
Establish rapport/relationship with patient/family
What’s are the roles of occupational therapist dealing with burn patients
PROM/AROM Edema management Scar management Splinting/positioning ADL/Adaptation Patient/family education Vocational/social/leisure
Why is immobilization important post-op for burns
We want the skin to stretch which is a reason for splitting
How soon after grafting should a compression garment/support dressing be applied
As soon as the skin is intact
What is the primary cause of dysfunction after a burn injury
Scar contracture
