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Physical Disabilities > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What are the two chambers of the heart

A

Upper atrium, lower ventricle

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1
Q

Describe the heart

A

Located between the lungs, is pear-shaped, is about the size of a fist

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2
Q

What is the function of each side of the heart

A

The right side pumps blood to the lungs by the pulmonary artery
The left side pumps blood to the brain and the rest the body by the aorta

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3
Q

What are some unchangeable factors in heart disease

A

Heredity, sex, age

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4
Q

What are some changeable factors and heart disease

A

Cholesterol levels, smoking, blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle

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5
Q

What are some contributing factors to heart disease

A

Diabetes, stress, obesity

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6
Q

What are some psychosocial factors that occur after a heart attack

A

Fear and anxiety
Denial
Depression

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7
Q

What are some signs or symptoms of cardiac stress

A

Dyspnea - Shortness of breath
Extreme fatigue
Nonproductive speech
Confusion
Impaired judgment due to lack of blood flow to Brian
Cyanosis or blue tinge to the skin and nails

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8
Q

What is COPD

A 
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Damage to a alveolar wall and inflammation of conducting airways
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
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9
Q

Risk factors for COPD

A

Number one smoking
Air pollution
Chemical exposure

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10
Q

Psychosocial factors of COPD

A

Depression
Anxiety
Noncompliance with use of oxygen due to having to drag oxygen tank around

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11
Q

What are some treatments for Dyspnea

A

Control posture
When standing, leaning on elbows on counter or shopping cart
When sitting, lean slightly forward on tabletop or lean on knees

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12
Q

What’s are three different breathing techniques

A

Pursed lip breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing
Relaxation

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13
Q

What is part of the OT for cardiac or COPD patients

A

Review chart
Patient interview
Clinical assessment such as cardiac response, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory, oxygen stats

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14
Q

What is involved with OT treatment of cardiac or COPD patients

A

Progressive MET’S
Energy conservation techniques:
Increase work rate, increase resistance, increase use the voice muscles, increased involvement trunk musculature, Raising arms, isometric work

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15
Q

What are some ways to educate patients with cardiac and respiratory problems

A

Time management
Graded tasks
Rest breaks
Incorporate breathing techniques

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16
Q

Most common areas or sites to take a pulse

A

Coratid
Brachial
Radial
Pedial

17
Q

What are some factors that affect blood pressure

A 
Age
Emotional status
Arm position
Blood volume
Physical activity
Medications
Muscle contraction
Dehydration
18
Q

What is normal respiration for an adult

A

12 to 18 breaths per minute

19
Q

What are some factors which affect respiration

A 
Age
Physical activity
Emotional status
Air quality
Disease
Altitude
20
Q

What are the six basic ADLs

A 
Bathing
Eating
Dressing
Continence
Transferring
Toileting
21
Q

What are the eight basic IADLs

A 
Using the telephone
Preparing meals
Shopping
Using transportation
Care of others or pet care
Managing medications
Maintaining the home
Managing finances
22
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

Reduce bone density that causes the bone to be more brittle and susceptible to fracture

23
Q

What do osteoblasts do

A

They are cells that form bone and begin the healing process

24
Q

What is necessary for proper healing

A

A good blood supply

25
Q

What is the major calls fractures

A

Trauma such as motor vehicle accident or stepping wrong off of the stair

26
Q

How do you medically manage a fracture

A

Relieve pain
Maintain good position of the fracture
Allow for body union
Restore optimal function to the patient

27
Q

What are two ways that you can restore the fragments of a fracture to normal alignment

A

Closed procedure which is applying a force to distal bone opposite to the force that produce the fracture. The reduction is maintained that casts, braces, traction, or skeletal fixation
Open procedure which is exposing it surgically so the fragments can be aligned. Maybe held in by pins, screws, plates, nails, or Rod.

28
Q

What is ORIF

A

Not replacing but is plated or screwed

29
Q

What’s are the five levels of weight-bearing

A 
NWB - Non-weight bearing
TTWB - Toe touch weight bearing
PWB - Partial weight bearing
WBAT - Weight bearing as tolerated
FWB - Full weight bearing
30
Q

What are some causes of hip replacement

A

Osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease
Ankylosis spondylitis: a chronic progressive polyarthritis, primarily involves the sacroiliac and the spinal joint
Rheumatoid arthritis

31
Q

What are some hip precautions after surgery Using posterolateral approach

A

No hip flexion greater than 90°
No internal rotation
No adduction or crossing of legs or feet

32
Q

What are some hip precautions for surgery using the anterolateral approach

A

No external rotation
No adduction
No extension

33
Q

What is the purpose of a total knee replacement

A

Alleviate pain
Regain motion
Maintain alignment of stability of the knee joint

34
Q

What is the emphasis in rehab for knee replacement

A

Maintaining or regaining joint motion
Slowly increasing the strength of surrounding musculature
Decrease swelling
Increasing independence with ADL

35
Q

Psychological factors that will affect overall treatment and recovery of a knee replacement for hip replacement

A 
Personal losses.     Decreased functional ability
Family dynamics.  Deformity
Home environment.      Pain
Disease of a body part
Fear 
Change in body image
Anxiety
36
Q

Elderly patients in particular face additional psychological factors after hip or knee replacement

A

Need to reflect and review past life experience
Dependency
Relocation trauma

37
Q

What are some OT goals related to hip or knee surgery

A

Return to home independently
Independence with ADLs
Observing all movement precautions during activities

38
Q

What are some issues that should be addressed with patients that may have a risk falling

A

Home modification such as removing throw rugs, clutter, telephone cords
Safe transfer techniques
Community mobility tips

39
Q

What are some assistive devices or adaptive aids for people that had hip or knee surgery

A

Dressing stick, suck a, long handled sponge, reacher, elastic shoelaces, elevated toilet seat, leg lifter, shower chair or bench chair, Walker bags

Physical Disabilities (3 decks)

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