Exam 1

Question 0

What are the two chambers of the heart

Answer 0

Upper atrium, lower ventricle

Question 1

Describe the heart

Answer 1

Located between the lungs, is pear-shaped, is about the size of a fist

Question 2

What is the function of each side of the heart

Answer 2

The right side pumps blood to the lungs by the pulmonary artery
The left side pumps blood to the brain and the rest the body by the aorta

Question 3

What are some unchangeable factors in heart disease

Answer 3

Heredity, sex, age

Question 4

What are some changeable factors and heart disease

Answer 4

Cholesterol levels, smoking, blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle

Question 5

What are some contributing factors to heart disease

Answer 5

Diabetes, stress, obesity

Question 6

What are some psychosocial factors that occur after a heart attack

Answer 6

Fear and anxiety
Denial
Depression

Question 7

What are some signs or symptoms of cardiac stress

Answer 7

Dyspnea - Shortness of breath
Extreme fatigue
Nonproductive speech
Confusion
Impaired judgment due to lack of blood flow to Brian
Cyanosis or blue tinge to the skin and nails

Question 8

What is COPD

Answer 8

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Damage to a alveolar wall and inflammation of conducting airways
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

Question 9

Risk factors for COPD

Answer 9

Number one smoking
Air pollution
Chemical exposure

Question 10

Psychosocial factors of COPD

Answer 10

Depression
Anxiety
Noncompliance with use of oxygen due to having to drag oxygen tank around

Question 11

What are some treatments for Dyspnea

Answer 11

Control posture
When standing, leaning on elbows on counter or shopping cart
When sitting, lean slightly forward on tabletop or lean on knees

Question 12

What’s are three different breathing techniques

Answer 12

Pursed lip breathing
Diaphragmatic breathing
Relaxation

Question 13

What is part of the OT for cardiac or COPD patients

Answer 13

Review chart
Patient interview
Clinical assessment such as cardiac response, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory, oxygen stats

Question 14

What is involved with OT treatment of cardiac or COPD patients

Answer 14

Progressive MET’S
Energy conservation techniques:
Increase work rate, increase resistance, increase use the voice muscles, increased involvement trunk musculature, Raising arms, isometric work

Question 15

What are some ways to educate patients with cardiac and respiratory problems

Answer 15

Time management
Graded tasks
Rest breaks
Incorporate breathing techniques

Question 16

Most common areas or sites to take a pulse

Answer 16

Coratid
Brachial
Radial
Pedial

Question 17

What are some factors that affect blood pressure

Answer 17

Age
Emotional status
Arm position
Blood volume
Physical activity
Medications
Muscle contraction
Dehydration

Question 18

What is normal respiration for an adult

Answer 18

12 to 18 breaths per minute

Question 19

What are some factors which affect respiration

Answer 19

Age
Physical activity
Emotional status
Air quality
Disease
Altitude

Question 20

What are the six basic ADLs

Answer 20

Bathing
Eating
Dressing
Continence
Transferring
Toileting

Question 21

What are the eight basic IADLs

Answer 21

Using the telephone
Preparing meals
Shopping
Using transportation
Care of others or pet care
Managing medications
Maintaining the home
Managing finances

Question 22

What is osteoporosis

Answer 22

Reduce bone density that causes the bone to be more brittle and susceptible to fracture

Question 23

What do osteoblasts do

Answer 23

They are cells that form bone and begin the healing process

Question 24

What is necessary for proper healing

Answer 24

A good blood supply

Question 25

What is the major calls fractures

Answer 25

Trauma such as motor vehicle accident or stepping wrong off of the stair

Question 26

How do you medically manage a fracture

Answer 26

Relieve pain Maintain good position of the fracture Allow for body union Restore optimal function to the patient

Question 27

What are two ways that you can restore the fragments of a fracture to normal alignment

Answer 27

Closed procedure which is applying a force to distal bone opposite to the force that produce the fracture. The reduction is maintained that casts, braces, traction, or skeletal fixation Open procedure which is exposing it surgically so the fragments can be aligned. Maybe held in by pins, screws, plates, nails, or Rod.

Question 28

What is ORIF

Answer 28

Not replacing but is plated or screwed

Question 29

What's are the five levels of weight-bearing

Answer 29

``` NWB - Non-weight bearing TTWB - Toe touch weight bearing PWB - Partial weight bearing WBAT - Weight bearing as tolerated FWB - Full weight bearing ```

Question 30

What are some causes of hip replacement

Answer 30

Osteoarthritis: degenerative joint disease Ankylosis spondylitis: a chronic progressive polyarthritis, primarily involves the sacroiliac and the spinal joint Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 31

What are some hip precautions after surgery Using posterolateral approach

Answer 31

No hip flexion greater than 90° No internal rotation No adduction or crossing of legs or feet

Question 32

What are some hip precautions for surgery using the anterolateral approach

Answer 32

No external rotation No adduction No extension

Question 33

What is the purpose of a total knee replacement

Answer 33

Alleviate pain Regain motion Maintain alignment of stability of the knee joint

Question 34

What is the emphasis in rehab for knee replacement

Answer 34

Maintaining or regaining joint motion Slowly increasing the strength of surrounding musculature Decrease swelling Increasing independence with ADL

Question 35

Psychological factors that will affect overall treatment and recovery of a knee replacement for hip replacement

Answer 35

``` Personal losses. Decreased functional ability Family dynamics. Deformity Home environment. Pain Disease of a body part Fear Change in body image Anxiety ```

Question 36

Elderly patients in particular face additional psychological factors after hip or knee replacement

Answer 36

Need to reflect and review past life experience Dependency Relocation trauma

Question 37

What are some OT goals related to hip or knee surgery

Answer 37

Return to home independently Independence with ADLs Observing all movement precautions during activities

Question 38

What are some issues that should be addressed with patients that may have a risk falling

Answer 38

Home modification such as removing throw rugs, clutter, telephone cords Safe transfer techniques Community mobility tips

Question 39

What are some assistive devices or adaptive aids for people that had hip or knee surgery

Answer 39

Dressing stick, suck a, long handled sponge, reacher, elastic shoelaces, elevated toilet seat, leg lifter, shower chair or bench chair, Walker bags