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Anatomy Lecture - 1st Term > Exam 1a - Lecture 2 (through pg ) > Flashcards

Exam 1a - Lecture 2 (through pg ) Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Epithelia

A

A. Specialized
B. Glandular
C. Surface

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2
Q

Types of Surface Epithelia

A 
A. Simple Squamous
B. Simple Cuboidal
C. Simple Columnar
D. Pseudostratified Columnar
E. Stratified Squamous Mucous
F. Stratified Squamous Cutaneous
G. Transitional
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3
Q 
Simple Squamous
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A
  • LAYERS: One
  • CELLS: Flat, plate-like cells often described as scale-like; nucleus is oval and in the center of the cell
  • LOCATIONS: (1) inside lining of blood vessels where it is called endothelium; (2) alveoli of the lungs, (3) lining the outside of the lungs as visceral pleura, (4) lining of the outside of the heart as the serous visceral pericardium, (5) lining of the outside of the intestines as visceral peritoneum, (6) lining of the thoracic cavity as parietal pleura, and (7) lining of the abdominal cavity as the parietal peritoneum.
  • FUNCTIONS: (1) Regulate gas, metabolite and fluid exchange; (2) support; (3) protection
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4
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: One
• LOCATIONS: (1) inside lining of blood vessels where it is called endothelium
• CELLS: Flat, plate-like cells often described as scale-like; nucleus is oval and in the center of the cell
• FUNCTIONS: (1) Regulate gas, metabolite and fluid exchange; (2) support; (3) protection

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS

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5
Q 
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A
  • LAYERS: One
  • CELLS: Cuboidal in shape with a round central nucleus; free surface may have microvilli
  • LOCATIONS: (1) ducts of glands; (2) proximal and distal convoluted renal tubules, (3) collecting ducts of kidney; (4) bronchioles of the lungs
  • FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) protection
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6
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: One
• CELLS: round central nucleus; free surface may have microvilli
LOCATIONS: (1) ducts of glands; (2) proximal and distal convoluted renal tubules, (3) collecting ducts of kidney; (4) bronchioles of the lungs
• FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) protection

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL

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7
Q 
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A

• LAYERS: One
• CELLS: Columnar in shape with an oval nucleus near the base of the cell; free surface
may have microvilli or cilia
• LOCATIONS: (1) large ducts of glands; (2) lining of the stomach and intestines; (3)
lining of bronchi of the lungs
• FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) protection; (4) transport

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8
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: One
• CELLS: oval nucleus near the base of the cell; free surface
may have microvilli or cilia
• LOCATIONS: (1) large ducts of glands; (2) lining of the stomach and intestines; (3)
lining of bronchi of the lungs
• FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) protection; (4) transport

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR

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9
Q 
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A

• LAYERS: One
• CELLS: All the cells of this epithelium lie on the basal lamina, but not all the cells reach
the free surface. The cells reaching the surface are columnar in shape. They taper near the base of the cell but the nucleus lies in the non-tapered part of the cell. The free surface of the cells usually has cilia. Those cells that do not reach the free surface are round basal cells with a round central nucleus.
• LOCATIONS: (1) trachea and primary bronchi; (2) epididymis and vas deferens
• FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) transport

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10
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: One
• CELLS: All the cells of this epithelium lie on the basal lamina, but not all the cells reach
the free surface. The cells reaching the surface are columnar in shape. They taper near the base of the cell but the nucleus lies in the non-tapered part of the cell. The free surface of the cells usually has cilia. Those cells that do not reach the free surface are round basal cells with a round central nucleus.
• LOCATIONS: (1) trachea and primary bronchi; (2) epididymis and vas deferens
• FUNCTIONS: (1) absorption; (2) secretion; (3) transport

A

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR

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11
Q 
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS MUCOUS (MUCOUS, NON-KERATINIZED)
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A
  • LAYERS: Multiple
  • CELLS: Surface cells are flat, viable, nucleated squamous cells. Cells near the basal lamina are columnar to cuboidal is shape while cells in the middle layers are round.
  • LOCATIONS: (1) oral cavity; (2) esophagus; (3) vagina; (4) anal canal
  • FUNCTIONS: (1) protection; (2) lubrication
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12
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: Multiple
• CELLS: Surface cells are flat, viable, nucleated squamous cells. Cells near the basal
lamina are columnar to cuboidal is shape while cells in the middle layers are round.
• LOCATIONS: (1) oral cavity; (2) esophagus; (3) vagina; (4) anal canal
• FUNCTIONS: (1) protection; (2) lubrication

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS MUCOUS (MUCOUS, NON-KERATINIZED)

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13
Q 
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS CUTANEOUS (CUTANEOUS, KERATINIZED)
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A

• LAYERS: Multiple
• CELLS: Surface cells are flat, nonviable, anucleated squamous cells. Cells near the
basal lamina are columnar to cuboidal in shape. Cells in the middle layers are round or oval.
• LOCATION: epidermis of the skin
• FUNCTION: protection

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14
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: Multiple
• CELLS: Surface cells are flat, nonviable, anucleated squamous cells. Cells near the
basal lamina are columnar to cuboidal in shape. Cells in the middle layers are round or oval.
• LOCATION: epidermis of the skin
• FUNCTION: protection

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS CUTANEOUS (CUTANEOUS, KERATINIZED)

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15
Q 
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
• LAYERS:
• CELLS:
• LOCATIONS:
• FUNCTIONS:
A
  • LAYERS: Multiple
  • CELLS: Surface cells are large dome-shaped cells that flatten when the surface is stretched. Cells near the basal lamina are cuboidal and columnar in shape. All cells have a round central nucleus.
  • LOCATIONS: (1) urinary bladder; (2) ureter; (3) urethra
  • FUNCTION: (1) protection; (2) distention
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16
Q

NAME THE EPITHELIUM WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS:
• LAYERS: Multiple
• CELLS: Surface cells are large dome-shaped cells that flatten when the surface is stretched. Cells near the basal lamina are cuboidal and columnar in shape. All cells have a round central nucleus.
• LOCATIONS: (1) urinary bladder; (2) ureter; (3) urethra
• FUNCTION: (1) protection; (2) distention

A

TRANSITIONAL

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17
Q

What are MICROVILLI and what do they aid in?

A

slender, finger-like protrusions of the plasma membrane that aid in absorption.

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18
Q

slender, finger-like protrusions of the plasma membrane that aid in absorption.

A

MICROVILLI

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19
Q

ZONULA OCCLUDENS

A

aka TIGHT JUNCTION lies nearest the free surface of the cell. This zone is formed by fusion of the
adjoining plasma membranes.

20
Q

This zonula nearest the free surface of the cell formed by fusion of the adjoining plasma membranes.

A

ZONULA OCCLUDENS

21
Q

ZONULA ADHERENS

A

lies deep to the zonula occludens. The adjacent cell membranes at this type of contact appear to be held together by a clear adhesive-like glycoprotein material.

22
Q

Zonula where the adjacent cell membranes at this type of contact appear to be held together by a clear adhesive-like glycoprotein material.

A

ZONULA ADHERENS

23
Q

MACULA ADHERENS

A

aka DESMOSOME is deep to the zonula adherens. Cell membranes at the macula are firmly attached by linking filaments interconnecting the adjacent membranes. Tight junctions and desmosomes are also found alone, providing strong attachment sites between epithelial cells.

24
Q

JUNCTIONAL COMPLEX (definition and three types of contacts)

A

A specialized complex between adjacent epithelial cells.
ZONULA OCCLUDENS (TIGHT JUNCTION)
ZONULA ADHERENS
MACULA ADHERENS (DESMOSOME)

25
Q

EPIDERMIS

A

Layer of the skin constructed of stratified squamous keratinized (cutaneous)
epithelium. Avascular.

26
Q

Layer of the skin constructed of stratified squamous keratinized (cutaneous)
epithelium. Avascular.

A

EPIDERMIS

27
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue in the DERMIS?

A

Layer of the skin containing a:
papillary layer of loose connective tissue
lying superficial to a:
reticular layer of dense connective tissue.

28
Q

Layer of the skin containing a papillary layer of loose connective tissue lying superficial to a reticular layer of dense connective tissue.

A

DERMIS

29
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

A

Layer of cells deep to the skin composed of loose connective tissue, elastic fibers and fat covering muscles and bone.

30
Q

Layer of cells deep to the skin composed of loose connective tissue, elastic fibers and fat covering muscles and bone (Often, references to skin include the subcutaneous layer)

A

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

31
Q

4 CELLS OF THE STRATUM BASALE

A

KERATINOCYTES
MELANOCYTES
LANGERHANS CELLS
MERKEL CELLS

32
Q

Where does RE-EPITHELIALIZATION begin

A

STRATUM BASALE

33
Q

PAPILLARY LAYER of the dermis contains what kind of connective tissue?

A

Loose CT

34
Q

RETICULAR LAYER of the dermis contains what kind of connective tissue?

A

Dense Fibrous CT

35
Q

What layer of the dermis contains LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A

PAPILLARY LAYER

36
Q

What layer of the dermis contains DENSE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A

RETICULAR LAYER

37
Q

Name 4 types of nerve endings in the DERMIS

A

free nerve endings (non-encapsulated)

MEISSNER CORPUSCLES, PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, and RUFFINI ENDINGS

38
Q

What degree is a burn with these symptoms:
• Localized, epidermis
• Slight Edema
• Painful

A

1st Degree

39
Q

What are 3 symptoms of a 1st Degree burn?

A
  • Localized, epidermis
  • Slight Edema
  • Painful
40
Q 
What degree is a burn with these symptoms:
• Epiderm and upper dermis
• Edema
• Blister formation
• Very painful
A

2nd Degree

41
Q

What are 4 symptoms of a 2nd Degree burn?

A
  • Epiderm and upper dermis
  • Edema
  • Blister formation
  • Very painful
42
Q 
What degree is a burn with these symptoms:
• Epiderm, dermis, & subcutaneous
• Loss of fluid
• Prone to infection
• Painless
A

3rd Degree

43
Q

What are 4 symptoms of a 3rd Degree burn?

A
  • Epiderm, dermis, & subcutaneous
  • Loss of fluid
  • Prone to infection
  • Painless
44
Q

What degree is a burn with these symptoms:
• Epiderm, dermis, & subcutaneous layers. Muscle and/or bone damaged.
• BLACK
• Loss of fluid
• Prone to infection

A

4th Degree burn

45
Q

What are 4 symptoms of a 4th Degree burn?

A
  • Epiderm, dermis, & subcutaneous layers. Muscle and/or bone damaged.
  • BLACK
  • Loss of fluid
  • Prone to infection
46
Q

Name the 5 layers of the EPIDERMIS in order from superficial to deep.

A

1) Corneum, 2) Lucidum, 3) Granulosum, 4) Spinosum, 5) Basale.

Anatomy Lecture - 1st Term (4 decks)

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