exam 1a drugs COPY COPY COPY Flashcards
T/F
- Ganciclovir can be given give with carbapenem?
- ampicillin can be combined with sulbactam to treat resistant bacteria?
- Tetracyclines can be given to kids under 8? pregnant women?
- PCN G and PCN V can be given with aminoglycosides (GAT)?
- always give piperacillin with beta lactamase inhibitor?
- do not drink alcohol with Metronidazole?
- F = seizure potential
- T
- F = contraindications
- T
- T
- T
amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (combo drug)
clavulanic acid ____________ making the amoxicillin more effective
clavulanic acid inhibits beta lactamase making the amoxicillin more effective
vancomycin
aminoglycosides (Gentamycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin)
tetracyclines
macrosimides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin)
which s/e should we watch for?
- teeth discoloration
- hearing loss
- GI upset
- redman syndrome
aminoglycosides (GAT) - hearing loss
tetracyclines - teeth discoloration
macrosimides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin) - GI upset
vancomycin - redman syndrome
which ones would be prescribed for UTI?
- metronidazole
- levoflaxacin
- ciprofloxacin
- tetracycline
- sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim
- ciprofloxacin
- sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim
clindamycin s/e
- Deadly pseudomembranous colitis
- Monitor for use with neuromuscular blockade meds
- Monitor levels (very toxic)
should a patient with a history of c diff be given this med?
No bc pseudomembranous colitis is caused by c diff and a history of c diff would be a contraindication
Renal (kidney) sensitive PCN
ampicillin
- Affects platelet function
- Monitor for renal dysfunction
- ALWAYS give with beta lactamase inhibitor
piperacillin
(Avoid if anaphylaxis reaction occurs with PCN)
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins - Do not give to pts with liver failure
3rd generation
Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporins - Renally dosed medications are those that are primarily excreted from the body through the kidneys. dosage and frequency must be adjusted based on a patient’s kidney function.
5th generation
Ceftaroline
Drug induced seizure
Carbapenems
Carbapenems - Doesn’t degrade in kidneys
Meropenem
Kidneys eliminate drug
Reduce dose for renal dysfunction
Vancomycin
- Requires peak and trough to monitor therapeutic drug levels
Aminoglycosides:
Gentamycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Aminoglycosides:
Gentamycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
- Severe
- Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
- Ototoxicity (permanent)
___________ additional s/e
- Severe respiratory distress
- CNS – confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness and tingling
- Cochlear damage
Gentamycin
- Deadly pseudomembranous colitis
- Monitor for use with neuromuscular blockade meds
- Monitor levels (very toxic)
Lincosamides: Clindamycin
Has beneficial effect on gastroparesis
Erythromycin
- PO – oral absorption is not great
- IV – painful
- Topical
- Ophthalmic
Erythromycin
Do not take on empty stomach – severe GI upset!!
Lots of drug/drug interactions
Erythromycin
- Tissue penetration
- Long duration of action
Erythromycin or azith
Azithromycin
Do not take with food – decreases absorption
Azithromycin
s/e
- Tooth enamel hypoplasia and discoloration of teeth in fetus and children
- Photosensitivity
Contraindications
- Pregnant or nursing
- Kids < 8
Tetracyclines - class
- Teeth damage
- (kids < 8)
- n/v/d
- headache
- photosensitivity
- dizzy
- anaphylaxis
- angioedema
Drug will concentrate in/on
- Bone
- Liver
- Tumor
- Spleen
- Teeth!! (causes damage to kids < 8)
Tetracycline
- works on meningitis
- Decreases s/s of rheumatoid arthritis
Minocycline
arthropathy – joint disease
avoid in young and old patients (< 18 and > 60)
Prolonged post-antibiotic effects
Ciprofloxacin
- CNS disorders w/ predisposition to seizures
- Kidney failure
- Prolongation of QT interval
- Photosensitivity
- PO – 100% bioavailability
Levofloxacin
UTI
- Photosensitivity
Sulfamethoxale + trimethoprim
(combo drug called Bactrim)
Do not take with alcohol
Metronidazole
Don’t give with antibiotic/antimicrobial imipenem-cilastin (carbapenem) = seizure potential
Watch kidney function if giving with other nephrotoxic drugs
ganciclovir
blood
semen
breast milk
vaginal secreations
HIV spreads
doxyxyxline do not take with milk (calcium) - T/F
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