cardiac a&P Flashcards

1
Q

each time heart beats
volume of blood is ejected
___________

A

CO

SVxHR= CO

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2
Q

amount of blood the heart pumps out of LV each min

A

CO

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3
Q

with HF
LV is weak and cant pump blood out = CO is ________

A

diminished

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4
Q

end diastolic volume

end systolic volume

A

blood in the ventricle before contraction

remaining blood in the ventricle after contraction

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5
Q

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in a single contraction.

It’s calculated by subtracting the remaining blood in the ventricle after contraction (end systolic volume) from the total blood in the ventricle before contraction (end diastolic volume).

A

SV

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6
Q

preload
afterload
contractility

effect

A

SV…and thus CO

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7
Q

volume of blood in heart

force opposing ejection of blood from the ventricle (pressure)

contractile abilities of the heart

A

preload

afterload

contractility

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8
Q

stretch of cardiac muslce cells before contraction
AKA
chamber volume just prior to contraction

A

preload

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9
Q

hypovolemia = less ventricular filling = _____ preload = ______ SV = ______ CO

A

less, less, less

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10
Q

increase in resting muscle length = greater muscle tension

length-tension relationship

This is similar to stretching a rubber band; the more you stretch it, the more force it will exert when released.

what law?

A

frank-starling law

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11
Q

the heart as the ability to change its force of contraction and SV in response to changes in venous return

This is similar to stretching a rubber band; the more you stretch it, the more force it will exert when released.

what law

A

frank-starling law

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12
Q

intracellular - fluid ____ cells
interstitial - fluid _____ cells
extracellular - fluid ____ cells, or inside capillary

A

inside
surrounds
outside

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13
Q

fluid in blood exerts ______ pressure

A

hydrostatic

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14
Q

force pushes fluid out of capillary into interstitial and intracellular spaces

A

hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

particles in blood
albumin, sodium, glucose
exert ____ pressure

A

oncotic or osmotic

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16
Q

force pulls fluid from interstitial and intracellular spaces in to capillary

A

oncotic or osmotic pressure

17
Q

oncotic pressure (pull) and hydrostatic pressure (push) oppose and balance each other

what law

A

starlings law of capillary forces

18
Q

resistance that must be overcome for blood to eject from the chamber

A

afterload

19
Q

LV afterload (resistance that must be overcome for blood to eject from the chamber) is determined by the _____ BP

A

aortic

20
Q

increase in afterload = __crease in SV

ex: a person with high BP will have high afterload and be at risk for ___ SV (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in a single contraction.)

A

decrease - unless the heart compensates

21
Q

free calcium within myocardial cells determine

A

contractility force

22
Q

increase contractility = __crease SV

A

increase

23
Q

vena cavae and coronary sinus supply blood to _____ ventricle

A

R

24
Q

LV failure

____ effect = the failing LV creates a buildup of hydrostatic pressure in LA, pulmonary veins and capillaries (pulmonary edema, crackles, dyspnea, orthopnea, PND)

_____ effect = causes decreased perfusion to the brain, kidneys and organs

A

backward

forward

25
Q

pulmonary edema causes
LV failure
backwards effect

fine crackles = mild or sever?
coarse, bubble crackles = mild or sever?
pink frothy sputum = mild or sever?

A

mild
severe
severe

26
Q

_________ effect
LV failure
poor ejection of blood into aorta and poor perfusion to body

stimulates RAAS, ADH, and SNS

A

forward

27
Q

forward effect
LV failure

kidneys sense poor perfusion = activates ___

aorta and peripheral arteries sense poor perfusion = activates _______ to drop BP and activate SNS

SNS stimulates ______ receptors

adrenergic stimulation =
of the heart increase ____ _____
of the vasculature causes vaso_______

A

RAAS

baroreceptors

adrenergic

HR

vasoconstriction

28
Q

forward effect
LV failure

the posterior pituitary gland sense the poor perfusion = releases ______
which increases water absorption into the blood stream = increased blood volume

A

ADH