Exam! Flashcards
What are the 4 components of Harris Theory?
- “Movement is the last manifestation of your reality. It is not what you say it is what you do that confirms you.”
- “Most think of structure as a ‘God-line’ when it is nothing more than a ‘guide-line’”
- “Power is defined as the ability to define reality and have others believe it as if it were their own”
- “Dancing the slaves was the catalyst for the Black contemporary expression”
What year did the Ring Shout orientate?
1917
What were the 4 functions of the Ring Shout?
- Form of religious worship
- Provided rich and nurturing experiences for both enslaved and free African Americans
- It functioned as a way for African Americans to continue to worship traditionally even as they were converting to Christianity.
- It was a dynamic folk tradition reflecting African Americans’ lives, history, and culture while constantly adapting to cultural change.
Name 5 past Minstrels.
- Thomas “Daddy” Rice (T.D. Rice)
- Bert Willems
- George Walker
- The Dandy
- Ruben Crowder
Who was the first minstrel and when did he start minstrelsy?
Thomas “Daddy” Rice (T.D. Rice); 1828.
When were Jax Juke Joints created?
1865
What were Juke Joints?
They were thought to be the 1st private space for Black people to release the pressures of society and they were the precursor for present-day clubs.
Where does the word ‘Juke’ come from?
The Gullah language; Spoken by the Gullah Geechee people in the sea islands of South Carolina and Georgia.
What does the word ‘Juke’ mean?
Disorderly
When and who was the fist DJ named?
1906: Reginald A. Fessenden was named the first DJ in a book called “Last Night a DJ Saved My Life”
How many Juke Boxes were sold in 1939?
500,000 Juke Boxes were sold nationally in 1939.
Who created the term Rock N’ Roll and who trademarked it?
Created: Aland Freed in 1945
Trademarked: Morris Levy
When did the mainstream claim Rock N’ Roll?
1952
When was Dub Music created?
1967
What came into power in 1986?
Gangs of the 1970s
What group was comprised in 1969?
The Black Panther Party
What is Blues movement and music characterized by?
- Sensual
- Discussions about current state (stemmed from Plantations)
Who are the two pioneers of Jazz Dance?
Alan Mins and Leon James
Who is Frankie Manning?
Frankie Manning is a pioneer for the Lindy Hop. He also coined the term Jasm which meant sex.
Jazz means sex, vibrant, spirited
What does Rock N’ Roll mean?
It is a euphemism around the Black Community that means to have sex or get something done.
Rock: Sexual Motion
Roll: Women’s body parts
What is Funk considered?
Afro-Futurism and “Hip-Hop Scifi”
What does “Funk” mean?
Earthiness and return to fundamentals in Black Culture.
Who was the first person to define Funk?
George Clinton
Who was Booty Collins?
One of the most popular funk artists. He was a member of the Rubberband Band and had 3 record deals with 3 record companies at one point.
Who is considered the Father of Hip-Hop?
James Brown
Who were James Brown’s Drummers and where were they from?
Clyde Stubblefield and Clayton Fillyau; both from New Orleans and offered traditional African sounds.
What song did James Brown Band create and what did it inspire?
His song called “Goodfoot” inspired present-day Breaking.
What form of dance did James Brown create?
Boogaloo
When was the first time the term ‘Hip-Hop’ was used, and by whom?
1930s - 1940s; Lindy Hoppers first used the term.
What does the word ‘Hop’ mean in terms of Hip-Hop?
‘Hop’ is an action verb for jump, spring, lift, leap, etc. It references a Hop plant (related to marijuana) that got people high.
Who defined the word “Hippi’ and how did they define it?
Dr. Geneva Smitherman defines the word “Hippi” as deriving from the Wolof language which means to “open your eyes or re-open your eyes”
What does ‘Hep Cat’ refer to and what language does it orientate from?
Popular during the Lindy Hop era and means “hipster and hepster”; In Wolof
What does ‘Hip’ refer to?
It means to be with it, have awareness; smarter than average - street smarts
What does ‘Wow’ refer to and what language does it orientate from?
‘Yes’; In Mandinka
What does ‘Def’ refer to and what language does it orientate from?
‘Peaceful’; In Wolof
What does ‘Jam’ refer to and what language does it orientate from?
Gathering’; In Wolof
Who was the person who created the Regional Planning Association and when did that happen?
Robert Moss created the Regional Planning Association in 1929.
When was Robert Moss Born?
December 18, 1888
What did Moss hope to do as a part of the Regional Planning Association?
Moss sought to bring Tammany Hall down. Tammany had the support of many of the Irish Immigrants of the 5 points which were noted for it poverty and gangs.
How many people did Moss evict with the Regional Planning Association? What groups were these people apart of?
Over 250,000 people. the people he evicted were overwhelmingly Black, Hispanic, and poor (Whites).
When did Moses start construction?
1953
Who was the Lindy Hop named after?
Charles Lindbergh flew across the Atlantic Ocean and the Lindy Hop was named after him as he “hopped” across the Atlantic.
Who was considered the Lindy Hop pioneer?
George “Shorty Snowden”; was also the best dancer at the Savoy Ball Room from it opened in 1926 to about 1930s.
What was George “Shorty Snowden’s” signature move and what characterized it?
Signature move: “The Shorty George”; A self-parody move of his already very short stature. This step involved forward motion with acutely bent knees swinging from side to side. This move, or one very similar, is said to have been originally done under the names “boogie walks” and “Baltimore Buzz.”
Who were George “Shorty Showder’s” partners names’?
Mae Ricker and Big Bea
Who was an ambassador of the Lindy Hop?
Frankie Manning; he was member of Whitey Maniacs who toured overseas and was composed of the top Lindy Hoppers.
Who was Frankie Manning’s partner?
Ann Johnson
Who are the signature female Lindy Hoppers?
Ann Johnson, Mae Ricker, and Norma Miller
What are the 5 euphemisms for Sex?
- Rock N’ Roll
- Gi-Giggi/Giggy
- Swing
- Jazz
- Hip-Hop
When and where was Ebonics first mentioned? Who was apart of this?
Robert Williams, in a discussion with linguist Ernie Smith at a conference on “Cognitive and Language Development of the Black Child,” which was held in St. Louis, MO, in 1973.
When did Ebonics first appear within the title and text of a book? Who edited that book?
In 1975, Ebonics appeared within the title and text of a book edited and co-written by Robert Williams. This book was called “Ebonics: The True Language of Black Folks.”
When and where was Ebonics legitimately recognized?
On December 18, 1996, the Oakland, CA school board passed a controversial resolution recognizing the legitimacy of “Ebonics”
What is the common dialect used by African Americans (under Ebonics)
Consonant + vowel (Ex: Jewee)
What does Ebonics mean?
Ebonics = Black Sound
Ebony = black
Phonic = sound
Who inspired Jim Crow laws and characters?
Thomas “Daddy” Rice (T.D. Rice)
Who was Burt Williams partner?
George Walker
Who made the Manny character popular?
Nancy Green
What was the documentary used to increase profit in the Black Community?
“The Secret of Selling the Negro”
Who were the 8 Lindy Hop/Jazz Pioneers?
- George Snowden
- Frankie Manning
- Leon James
- Al Mins
- Big Bea
- Ann Johnson
- Mae Ricker
- Norma Miller
What are the 5 parts Ebonics?
Various Idioms, Patios, Argots, idiolects and social dialects of Black culture.
What is considered an English-based Creole language?
Gullah
Who is the Father of Blues?
Muddy Waters (also, inspired Rolling Stones)
What is radiospeak and who is associated with it?
The voice used by whites that is embedded in Black Society; Verto Vislow
When and by whom was Dancing the Slaves termed?
Dr. Trotter; in 1783.
What is Dancing the Slaves?
Slave owners forced slaves to dance “under the lash,” both for economic benefit (more fit slaves were sold for more) and for entertainment.
What did slaves use to make music?
- Tea Kettles
- Pots and Pans
- Banjoes
- Their Shackles
When did the European Slave Trade begin?
1441
What was the whip spilt into 9 pieces with glass and other sharp materials at the end called?
Cat O’ Nine Tails
What was the purpose of Cotton Fields?
Slaves built the economy. Cotton was the main source of income and the economic system.
How much cotton were slaves producing/picking each year?
2 billion pounds of cotton
What were the two things that originally changed in culture due to slavery? (List in Order)
- Language
- Movement
What are the 5 types of Neolanguages?
- Pigeon
- Gullah
- Patios
- Creole
- Ebonics
What was the governing structure of Black language?
Ebonics
What are the 4 aspects of Black contemporary expression?
- Langauge
- Music
- Musicianship
- Movement
What are the distinct headings and characteristics of African American Dance?
- Social Worship
- Coolness and Calmness
- Grounded or oriented towards the earth
- Articulated hips and torso
- Importance of Community
- Improvisation/Freestyle
- Percussion
- Polycentric movement initiates the body
- Call and response
- Imitative Movement
When was the 14th Amendment Passed?
1866
What were the dances that came out of slavery?
- Cake Walk
- Ring Shout
When did the Cake Walk dance orientate?
In the 1800s
What was the first Black dance to become popular among White folks?
The Cake Walker
Who were in the video showcasing the Cake Walk?
- Leon James
- Alan Mins
- Pepsi Bethel
What is the Cake Walk?
Enslaved Africans used to watch the white folks at fancy parties. The Cake Walk originated as a way for those enslaved to imitate them. However, the dance when seen by white folks became misconstrued - white minstrels were added to make fun of people on plantations.
Who mostly played Minstrels?
Irish men
Who was the highest-paid minstrel?
Bert Williams
How did Bert Willems change minstrelsy?
He brought a sense of humanity to minstrel culture by telling stories about the hardships of being a Black minstrel. Furthermore, he was the first to take off black face and push the limits of minstrelsy. Finally, he transcended emotional range as well as racial stereotypes.
How did T.D Rice start minstrelsy?
In 1828, T.D Rice performed a song and dance routine in
blackface and tattered clothes. Rice’s character
was based on an old disabled slave who he saw dancing
and singing the folk song, Jim Crow. His
performance and interpretation of this slave
became a hit amongst whites and Minstrelsy
Who was the Dandy?
A minstrel who dressed well and attempted to use a large vocabulary but did so in an incorrect context.
Who is a present-day example of minstrelsy?
Christmas Pete
Name 6 Media Depictions/Representations that discriminated against Black People.
- Sambo
- Pick- a-ninnies
- Mr. Tambo
- Zip Coon
- Uncle Tom
- The Mammy
What are two move illustrations of Racism and what year did they come out?
- Topic Thunder (2008)
- The Secret of Selling the Negro (1930s)
When was the phonograph first invented and by whom?
1877 by Thomas Edison
What was Edison’s Autonomic phonograph and when was it invented?
Victorian Walkman (1891) - Also considered the world’s first Juke Box
What was created in 1890 and who was it created by?
Coin Operated Phonograph by Lewis Glass (1890)
Who was the first African American to become a Broadway star?
Bert Williams
Who was the first African American to appear in a cinema film? What was the film and year?
Bert Williams; Darktown Jubile (1914)
What did minstrelsy do?
Minstrels mimicked the lives of slaves embellished the truth and sold it to the masses as reality. These images still permeate the fiber of American culture today
When and where did Lindy Hop begin?
Lindy-hop began in late 1920’s in Harlem New York
What is Lindy Hop?
A culmination of popular social party dances done to
jazz music. It is also considered to be “a member of the
swing dance family.
What are 11 Lindy Hop Dance Steps?
- The Apple Jack
- The Black Bottom
- Charleston
- Scarecrow Charleston
- The Collegiate Charleston
- The Rock
- The Shout
- The Slow Break
- Spank The Baby
- Tripple Bounce
- The Walk Out
What music did Juke Boxes play?
Race (Black) Music
Explain the Top 40 Charts (music)
The Juke Box Inspired the Top 40 Charts (music) due to the number of records the Juke
box could hold (40)
