EXAM!! Flashcards
History: Indigenous Spirituality
- connected to physical environment
- history passed down orally
- they believe that everything exists –> trees, animals, humans, the earth - is Alive
History: Islam
- following the first revelation to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40
- most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca in the 7th century CE.
History: Christianity
- Christians were persecuted in Rome
- the death of martyrs persuaded others to convert
- Constantine had a vision of Jesus saying to embrace the Religion and he would win a battle
- he wrote the Edict of Milan, removing laws against Christians
Creed: Indigenous
- the universe is an assembly of spirits
- some have greater power than others
- everything in the world is alive, and they return to the environment after death
- Animism: all things, human and non-human have spirits, and that the person or animal lives on after death
Creed: Judaism
The Hebrew bible:
The Torah
The prophets
The writings
The Mishnah
The Talmud
Five touchstones of Judaism:
Yahweh:
God revealed to Moses
“I am who I am”
The People:
CHOSEN to be the light
Yahweh will save all nations
they are expecting the anointed one
The Covenant:
a sacred agreement between Yahweh and his chosen people
1. be faithful to it
2. his love is given freely
3. problems with covenant is because of the people
The Torah:
Revelation of Yahweh to Moses/laws
The Land:
Land of Canaan is promised to the Jewish people by God and Abrahams covenant
Creed: Islam
“There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.”
1. Belief in Allah as the one true God.
2. Belief in angels as the instruments of God’s will.
3. Belief in the inspired books
4. Belief in the twenty-eight prophets of Allah, of whom Muhammad is the last.
5. Belief in a final day of judgment.
Creed: Christianity
The 10 commandments:
1. You shall have no other gods before Me.
2. You shall not make idols.
3. You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.
4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
5. Honor your father and your mother.
6. You shall not murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10. You shall not covet.
RItuals: Sacred Pipe Ceremony
One of the most powerful rituals
The pipe symbolizes unity and harmony of the world.
The bowl represents truth, and the stem represents the way we are to live in harmony and balance with all of creation.
The sweat lodge
Sweat lodge ceremonies purify the body, mind, spirit, and heart
Sacred space
Death:
Each family who has lost someone holds a feast for the entire village.
spirit remains with the family
Creed: Buddhism
- how a person should live in reflected in the Dharma teachings of Buddha
- The Eightfold Path
The Four Noble Truths:
The noble truth of suffering
The noble truth of the origin of suffering
The noble truth of the extinction of suffering
The noble truth of the path leading to the extinction of suffering/ dissatisfaction
The powwow
dance of renewal for healing of all creation.
takes place in a circle, which is blessed by a spiritual leader
Ritual: Smudging
Sacred herbs are burned in a shell or earthen bowl, and the smoke is brushed over the participants. It is used to purify people and places, such as before a wedding or powwow.
Sun dance
a sacred practice with preparation such as purifying, fasting, dancing, and feasting, the purpose is renewal of dedication to the Great Spirit.
The Potlatch ceremony
Celebrates a special event (birth or wedding, death)
Giving gifts of blankets, beadwork, or crafts to family, friends, or visitors
the Vision Quest
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Rituals Judaism:
worship at Temple/Mosque
Rituals: Islam
5 pillars of Islam
Shahada, salat, sawm, Hajj, Zakat
Rituals: Christianity
involves praising God in music and speech, readings from scripture, and sacraments such as the Eucharist.
Rituals: Buddhism
Meditation
Mandala
Mantras
Mudras
Code: Indigenous
- Do not interfere: telling someone what to do is not valued
- Community is important: the members are expected to do their jobs well for the community
- Everything is shared: one takes only what one needs from the environment to survive
Code: Judaism
- Simon teaches: “The world rests upon three things: Torah, service to God, and showing loving-kindness”
Christianity
There is one true God in christianity
They believe christ will come back in a human form
Indigenous spirituality
many Gods related to nature.
when they die their soul returns to nature
the land can feel and the water has memories
stories are told and passed down by elders
medicine wheel ( for balance), a dream catcher to ward off bad dreams, a talking stick to organise discussion.
Judaism
same God as christianity
God is one, has no form, created the world, is eternal and is still actively involved in world affairs.
Holy text is Torah and christians know it as the old testament
Menorah (candlestick), Mezuzah
Islam
same God as christianity and Judaism
Muslim people believe God will play the role of the judge, weighing the deeds of each individual. He will decide whether that person’s lies in (Hell) or (Heaven) by comparing good and bad deeds
believe in great prophets like Mohammed and Jesus.
Jesus is a Prophet
holy text is called the quran, communcated from God to Mohammed
A symbol of Islam is the crescent and star
Buddhism
seen as trans-theism
Cycle of being reborn is pain so the only way to be free of the cycle is to meditate and reach enlightenment/ nirvana. Actions in this life affect the circumstances of their next life.
Tripitaka (Tipitaka) - collection of scriptures that represent the core teachings of Gautama Buddha.
the Bodhi tree, the Dharma wheel, and the stupa- Cults focused on these symbols
Aboriginal Spirituality Origin
Origin: Australia’s Indigenous People
Founders: no single founder
Teachings: Dreamtime. Connection to the Land, totemism, importance of maintaining balance and harmony
Judaism Origin
Origin: 2000 BCE near ancient Near East
Founder: Abraham is considered the key figure but also Moses from leading the Israelites out of Egypt
Teachings: The Torah contains Jewish laws and ethical teachings.
Islam origin
Origin: 7th century CE in the Arabian Peninsula
Founder: The Prophet Muhammed is considered the final messenger of God
Teachings: Quran is the holy book, oneness of God, prophethood, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan.
Christianity Origin
Origin: 1st century CE in the Roman province of Judea
Founder: Jesus Christ
Teachings: The Bible, new and old testament, Trinity, salvation through faith in Jesus, moral guidance
Buddhism Origin
Origin: 6th century BCE in ancient India
Founder: Siddartha Guatama, also known as Buddha, after reaching enlightenment by meditation under a Bodhi tree
Teachings: The Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Bath.
Ecumenism
restore unity among different Christian Religions
The Great Schism
Constantinople creating the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox faiths
White elephant
- Buddhism
- symbolizes the birth of Prince Siddhartha.
-The Prince’s mother dreamt that a bright elephant descended upon her a sign of a great son being birthed
The Cross
- Primary symbol of Christianity
- Represents Christ’s victory over sin and death through the sacrifice of his own body
Dream Catcher
- protects one at night when they dream
-The web filters out the bad dreams and the centre hole allows good dreams to pass through.
-The feather represents ‘movement of life.’
Ichthys
- Christianity
- identification symbols during times of persecution
- represents Jesus’ ministry: he chose several fishermen to be his disciples
Lotus
- Buddhism
- Buddha is shown sitting on the Lotus
- meaningful because its roots are stuck in mud, yet its flowers still bloom; like Buddha finding enlightenment during troubled times
Kippah
- The most commonly known piece of Jewish clothing is actually the one with the least religious significance.
- skullcap that is round worn on head
- worn while eating, praying, or studying
- represents that humans are below God
Menorah
- A candelabrum with seven branches, used at home and in the synagogue on the Sabbath and holidays
- symbol of the 7 branches that represent the 6 days of creation and one for the Sabbath.
- used during Hanukkah to represent the oil that burned in the temple for 8 days
Talking Stick
- Indigenous
- passed around from member to member allowing only the person holding the stick to speak, enabling everyone present to be heard
Sacred drum
- The heartbeat of mother earth
- The beat of the drum is sought to be able to change elements of nature such as weather
White Dove
- Christianity and Judaism because of its origins in the old testament
- appears in the old testament during the story of the of Nah realising the dove to find land.
- associated with God and innocence.
Mezuzah
- attached to the right side of the doorpost as you enter a room.
- a constant reminder of God’s presence and God’s law.
- words of the Shema are written on a tiny scroll of and placed on the Mezuzah.
Kaaba
- Islam
- the first house of Worship
- right underneath God in Heaven
- People gather around because it is able to forgive all the sins of those who pray there.
Star and Crescent Moon
- main symbol of Islam.
- The star is interpreted as a guiding light and divinity
- crescent moon symbolises progress and new beginnings.
What are the four rules for Interfaith Dialogue? Why are they important in a country like Canada where religious pluralism exists?
Inter-faith Dialogue:
Respect for differences: Recognize and respect others beliefs practices and traditions
Listening to each other: Strive to understand the perspectives values and experiences of others
Finding a common ground: Identify shared values and ethical principles and goals so they can understand each other more
Openness and humility: Be willing to learn from one another and acknowledge that no one tradition holds the truth.
- activity of Christians striving to find points of commonality based on fundamental truths recognized by the other religions in the world
- helps everyone understand eachother
Jewish communities refer to themselves as a “Chosen People.” Explain what this means and how each of the following help Jewish people show their faith and responsibilities as a “Chosen People:” Schema, Kosher, Shabbat, Passover
Schema: sacred Jewish prayer and shows love for their singular God. forms special bond between God
Kosher: follow rules related to food called kosher. They believe these rules make them more pure help them get closer to God.
Shabbat: day of. rest that occurs on friday to saturday sundown. dont work, spend the day resting and worshiping God.
Passover: God tells the Israelites to mark their door with lambs blood so the Angel Death will passover them, displaying they are still Gods chosen people being saved from Egypt.
List any five similarities and/or differences between these two (2) religious founders (Jesus Christ, Muhummad, Siddhartha Gautama)
Jesus and Muhammed
- Both are able to communicate with God and write the sacred text.
- Jesus is worshipped as an extension of God, opposed to the prophet Mohammed that is seen as a great prophet but not worshipped.
- Jesus taught others about God and preached christianity and Mohammed preached the Quran
- Jesus had his 12 disciples and people he preached to while mohammed had around 100 followers
- Jesus is not only a prophet, but also considered to be the son of god. Muhammed was considered the final prophet.
Essay question
look at doc.
Protestant Reformation
reform in 1500s Europe.
many religious groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church due to differences in doctrine.
Paul the Apostle
persecuted the first Christians until a vision of Jesus, experienced while on the road to Damascus, converted him to Christianity.
