Exam

Question 1

Cell organells and their enzyme markers.

Answer 1

Cytoplasm - LDH
Golgi apparatus - Galactosyl transferase
Endoplasmic reticulum - Glucose 6 phosphatase
Lysosomes - Cathepsin
Mitochondria - ATP synthase

Question 2

Phospholipids

Answer 2

Examples
Phophatidic acid
Lecathin
Cephalin
Phosphatidyl serine
Phosphatidyl threonine
Phosphatidyl inositol
Phosphatidyl glycerol
Cardiolipin
Plasmalogen
Platelet activating factor

Question 3

Functions of phospholipids

Answer 3

1) Structural component of plasma membrane and transport across membrane.
2) Lecithin or Phosphatidyl choline
• Surfactant
• choline depot and nerve impulse transmission
• reverse transport of cholesterol
• transmethylation reaction
3) Cephalin which helps in coagulation and conversion of prothrombin into thrombin.
4) Phosphatidyl serine which is mediator of programmed cell death.
5) Phosphatidyl inositol which acts as secondary messenger in hormone action.
6) Cardiolipin responsible for antigenicity.
7) Helps to dissolve cholesterol
8) Acts as platelet activating factor causing platelet aggregation.

Question 4

Essential Fatty acids

Answer 4

1) Linolenic acid
2) Linoleic acid
3) Arachidonic acid (semiessential)

Divided into omega 3,6,9 groups
3- linolenic acid
6- Linoleic acid
9- oleic acid

Question 5

Trans fatty acid

Answer 5

Present in partially hydrogenated oil.
Increase shelf life of food.
Use in processed food and bakery products.
Increases LDL and decreases HDL.
Increase risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Question 6

Eicosinoids

Answer 6

There are a diverse group of signalling molecules which play important role in physiological and immune responses.

There are 3 important groups which are prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane.

Prostaglandin X and alpha - bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction.(PGF2alpha)

Prostaglandin D for dilation of blood vessels.PGD2

Prostaglandin E is elgic or pain.PGE2

Prostaglandin I for inhibition of platelet aggregation.PGI2

Prostaglandin A2 for aggregation of platelets. TXA2.

Question 7

Apolipoproteins

Answer 7

Protein part of lipoprotein.
Function -
1) Forms structure of lipoprotein.
2) Activation of enzymes
ApoA1- LCAT
ApoA2 - Lipoprotein lipase
3) Inhibition of enzymes

Examples- ApoA1&2
ApoB48&100
ApoC1,2,3
ApoD&E

LDL - 60-120mg/dl
HDL - 30-60mg/dl

Question 8

Lysosomal storage disorders

Answer 8

1) Gauchers disease due to deficiency of glucocerebrosidase
2) Tay Sachs disease due to deficiency of hexoamidase A.
3) Niemann pick disease due to deficiency of sphingomyelinase.
4) Pompes disease due to deficiency of acid alpha glucosidase.
5) Fabrys disease due to deficiency of alpha galactosidase A.