EXAM 1 - WRITTEN Flashcards
respiratory pathology - asthma
a spasm of the bronchial walls, which makes exhalation very difficult
joint congruency / joint surface position - open- / loose-packed / resting position
incongruent; parts of the capsule and supporting ligaments are lax; further passive separation of the joint surfaces can occur in this position
- joint mobilization techniques are best applied in the open-packed position; allow for the roll, spin, and glide
- joint play can be demonstrated in these open-packed positions; requires relaxed muscles and the external force of a trained practitioner to correctly demonstrate it

skeletal system pathologies - fracture / broken / cracked bone
break in the continuity of the bony cortex caused by direct force, indirect force, or pathology; described by type (closed), direction of fracture line (transverse), position of the bone fragments (overriding)
- children are incomplete (“green- stick”) or at the epiphysis
- elderly in the hip joint (proximal femur), resulting from a fall, or in the upper extremity from falling on the outstretched hand
circulatory pathology - thrombophlebitis / phlebitis
clot causes inflammation in a vein
joint end feel - boggy
ound in acute conditions in which soft tissue edema is present; has a soft, “wet sponge” feel
- immediately after a severely sprained ankle or with synovitis
PNS pathology - foot drop
damage to the common fibular (peroneal) nerve; compression of the common fibular nerve is often caused by cast pressure at the head of the fibula, where the nerve is quite superficial as it lies over the bony fibular head
simple machine types - pulley - movable
one end of the rope attached to a beam; the rope runs through the pulley to the other end where the force is applied; to increase the mechanical advantage of force
- load (resistance) is suspended from the movable pulley

vertebral column pathology - torticollis / wryneck
deformity of the neck; person’s head is laterally bent to one side and rotated toward the other side
osteokinematics - supination
rotation of the forearm that faces the palm of the hand forward, or anteriorly; elbow is flexed, the “palm up” position

arthrokinematics
joint surface motion; manner in which adjoining joint surfaces move on each other during osteokinematic joint movement
simple machine types - pulleys
grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable riding in the groove; purpose is to either change the direction of a force or to increase or decrease its magnitude

PNS pathology - Cubital Tunnel syndrome
ulnar nerve crosses the medial border of the elbow as the nerve runs through a bony passageway called the cubital tunnel; tingling in the small and ring fingers from hitting the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel; ulnar nerve can also be compressed distally by sustained pressure on the hypothenar eminence
body planes / planes of action - sagittal plane
passes through the body from front to back and divides the body into right and left parts; vertical wall that the extremity moves along; motions occurring in this plane are flexion and extension; mid-sagittal plane would divide the body in the middle into equal right and left parts

articular system pathologies - tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon; present at either the musculotendinous junction, the tenoperiosteal junction, or within the body of the tendon
axial skeleton
forms the upright part of the body; 80 bones of the head, thorax, and trunk

muscle contraction - isotonic concentric

muscle contract, but this time there is joint motion; is joint move- ment, the muscles shorten, and the muscle attach ments (origin [O] and insertion [I]) move toward each other

degrees of freedom
number of planes, in which they can move
clinically significant:
- dealing with one or more distal joints: shoulder has 3 degrees of freedom, the entire limb from the finger to the shoulder would have 11
linear / translatory motion - rectilinear motion
movement that occurs in a straight line

accessory motion - component movements
small arthrokinematic joint motions that accompany active osteokinematic motion; no component motions can be done independently; they must accompany osteokinematic motions for normal joint motion to occur
muscle fiber arrangement - oblique type - multipennate
many tendons with oblique fibers in between

osteokinematics - protraction
linear movement along a plane parallel to the ground and away from the posterior midline

muscle fiber arrangement - parallel type
to the muscle’s long axis; tend to be longer and thus have a greater potential for shortening and producing more range of motion

respiratory pathology - bronchitis
involves the bronchi and their many subdivisions
CNS pathology - defect at the neuromuscular junction - Myasthenia Gravis
terminal axon synapses with the receptor site of muscles
- Symptoms: weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles




























































































































