EXAM 1 - APPLIED AND GROSS Flashcards by A M

nervous system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spinal cord cut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

motor and sensory neuron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spinal cord pathway

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

skull bones

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spinal cord meninges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

corticospinal tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

upper and lower motor neuron lesions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cranial nerves - test

I - close eyes, place something familiar for the patient to smell and identify (orange/lemon peel, coffee, or vinegar) under each nostril alone

acuity - snellen chart with and without visual aids
colour - ishihara plates identify patients who are colour blind
fields - asking the patient to look directly at you whilst you wiggle one of your fingers in each of the four quadrants; ask the patient to identify which finger is moving; inattention can be tested by moving both fingers at the same time and checking the patient identifies this
reflexes - place one hand vertically along the patients nose to block any light from entering the eye which is not being tested; shine a pen torch into one eye and check that the pupils on both sides constrict; tested on both sides
fundoscopy - performed on both eyes

III / IV / VI - head perfectly still directly in front of you, you should draw two large joining H’s in front of them using your finger and ask them to follow your finger with their eyes; the patient does not move their head

sensory - lightly touching the face with a piece of cotton wool followed by a blunt pin in three places on each side of the face: around the jawline, cheek, forehead; corneal reflex - lightly touching the cornea with the cotton wool; should cause the patient to shut their eyelids
motor - ask the patient to clench their teeth together, observing and feeling the bulk of the masseter and temporalis muscles; open their mouth against resistance; jaw jerk on the patient by placing your left index finger on their chin and striking it with a tendon hammer - cause slight protrusion of the jaw

VII - asking the patient to crease up their forehead (raise their eyebrows), close their eyes and keep them closed against resistance, puff out their cheeks and reveal their teeth

VIII

Rinne test - place a sounding tuning fork on the patient’s mastoid process and then next to their ear and ask which is louder; normal patient will find the second position louder
Weber’s test - place the tuning fork base down in the centre of the patient’s forehead and ask if it is louder in either ear; should be heard equally in both ears

IX - tested with the gag reflex or by touching the arches of the pharynx

X - asking the patient to speak gives a good indication to the efficacy of the muscles; uvula should be observed before and during the patient saying “aah”; check that it lies centrally and does not deviate on movement

XI - ask the patient to shrug their shoulders and turn their head against resistance

XII - observe the tongue for any signs of wasting or fasciculations; ask the patient to stick their tongue out; if the tongue deviates to either side, it suggests a weakening of the muscles on that side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spinal nerves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

brachial plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Musculocutaneous nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Radial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Median nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lumbosacral plexus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Femoral nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Obturator nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sciatic nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tibial nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fibular (peroneal) nerves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

blood circulation

heart pump

heart location

aorta

pulses

head arterial flow

heart arterial and venous flow

arm arterial flow

leg arterial flow

brain arterial flow

knee arterial flow

blood and lymph capillaries

femoral triangle

head venous flow

leg venous flow

arm venous flow

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motions - retrusion

anterior-posterior movement within the upper joint space 1. mandibular condyle and disk move as one unit against the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone 2. no rotation; forward and backward motions of all parts of the mandible are equal - horizontal plane - vertical axis

arteries

veins

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motions - depression

1. lower joint space - convex-on-concave articulation where the mandibular condyle rotates on the disk creating an anterior glide of the condyle while the distal end (ramus/angle) moves posteriorly 2. upper joint space - involves gliding the disk forward and downward under the articular tubercle; articular disk is more firmly attached to the mandible than the temporal bone, it allows the disk to move forward with the condyle of the mandible when the mouth opens; It returns posteriorly when the mouth closes - sagittal plane - frontal axis

lymph angion

lymph node

lymph system

temporomandibular joint / TMJ

synovial joint - modified hinge shape; allows some gliding motion, it is not a pure hinge joint third-class lever system - force arm (distance from joint axis to muscle attachment) being shorter than the resistance arm (distance from joint axis to con- tact point of teeth) - contact between the more anterior molars or front teeth creates a long resistance arm and less biting force - the greatest amount of biting force can be generated at the rear molars because the resistance arm is the shortest

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motions - elevation

- reverse action; gliding of the disk and condyle posteriorly and superiorly in the upper joint space and rotation of the condyle on the disk creating a posterior glide within the lower joint space - sagittal plane - frontal axis

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motions - lateral deviation

1. one condyle rotating in the mandibular fossa while the other condyle glides forward 2. move the mandible toward the left, the left condyle will rotate and the right condyle will glide forward - horizontal plane - vertical axis

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motions - protrusion

temporomandibular joint / TMJ landmarks - mandible

temporomandibular joint / TMJ landmarks - temporal and zygomatic bones

temporomandibular joint / TMJ landmarks - sphenoid and maxillary bones

temporomandibular joint / TMJ ligaments

temporomandibular joint / TMJ articular disk

divides the joint space into two separate compartments - larger upper joint space - superioir surface is both concave and convex to accommodate the shape of the fossa - smaller lower joint space - concave inferior surface accommodates the convex surface of the condyle and allows the joint to remain congruent (compatible) throughout the motion

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motion - rotate and glide

temporomandibular joint / TMJ motion - spin and glide

temporomandibular joint / TMJ prime mover - temporalis

whole muscle - mandible elevation, ipsilateral lateral deviation posterior muscle - mandible retrusion

temporomandibular joint / TMJ prime movers - masseter

ipsilateral lateral deviation, elevation

temporomandibular joint / TMJ landmarks - hyoid bone

temporomandibular joint / TMJ prime movers - lateral pterygoid

depression, protrusion, contralateral lateral deviation

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - suprahyoid - geniohyoid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - suprahyoid - stylohyoid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ prime movers - medial pterygoid

elevation, protrusion, contralateral lateral deviation

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - suprahyoid - mylohyoid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - suprahyoid - digastric

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - infrahyoid - sternohyoid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - infrahyoid - sternothyroid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - infrahyoid - thyrohyoid

temporomandibular joint / TMJ muscle - infrahyoid - omohyoid

atlantooccipital (AO) joint motion - neck extension

- sagittal plane - frontal axis - articulation between the head and C1 (atlas)

atlantooccipital (AO) joint motion - neck flexion

- sagittal plane - frontal axis - articulation between the head and C1 (atlas)

atlantooccipital (AO) joint motion - neck hyperextension

- sagittal plane - frontal axis - articulation between the head and C1 (atlas)

atlantoaxial (AA) joint motion - neck rotation

- transverse plane - vertical axis - articulation between the C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis)

atlantooccipital (AO) joint motion - neck lateral bending

- frontal plane - sagittal axis - articulation between the head and C1 (atlas)

facet / zygapophyseal joint - trunk flexion

- sagittal plane - frontal axis

facet / zygapophyseal joint - trunk extension

- sagittal plane - frontal axis

facet / zygapophyseal joint - trunk hyperextension

- sagittal plane - frontal axis

facet / zygapophyseal joint - trunk lateral bending

- frontal plane - sagittal axis

facet / zygapophyseal joint - trunk rotation

- transverse plane - vertical axis

atlantooccipital (AO) joint landmarks - skull

atlantooccipital (AO) joint landmarks - C1 (atlas)

atlantoaxial (AA) joint landmarks - C2 (axis)

facet / zygapophyseal joint landmarks - cervical spine

facet / zygapophyseal joint landmarks - thoracic spine

facet / zygapophyseal joint landmarks - lumbar spine

parts of vertebrae

atlantoaxial (AA) joint

facet / apophyseal joint

vertebral line of pull

parts of the intervertebral disk

vertebral ligaments

nuchal ligament / ligamentum nuchae

facet / zygapophyseal joint - cervical orientation

facet / zygapophyseal joint - thoracic orientation

facet / zygapophyseal joint - lumbar orientation

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - prevertebral / anterior - longus colli / longus cervicis

N - C2-C7 - head flexion

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - prevertebral / anterior - longus capitis

N - C1-C4 - head flexion

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - prevertebral / anterior - rectus capitis anterior

N - C1-C2 - head flexion

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - prevertebral / anterior - rectus capitis lateralis

N - C1-C2 - head flexion

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - suboccipital / posterior - obliquus capitis superior

- head extension

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - suboccipital / posterior - obliquus capitis inferior

- head extension

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - suboccipital / posterior - rectus capitis posterior minor

- head extension

atlantooccipital (AO) joint prime mover - suboccipital / posterior - rectus capitis posterior major

- head extension

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - sternocleidomastoid

- neck flexion, lateral bending, contralateral rotation

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - splenius capitis

- neck extension, lateral bending, ipsilateral rotation

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - splenius cervicis

- neck extension, lateral bending, ipsilateral rotation

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - erector spinae - spinalis cervicis and thoracis

- neck extension, lateral bending - trunk extension, lateral bending

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - erector spinae - longissimus capitis and thoracis

- neck extension, lateral bending - trunk extension, lateral bending

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - erector spinae - iliocostalis cervicis and thoracis

- neck extension, lateral bending - trunk extension, lateral bending

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - transversospinalis - semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus

- neck extension, contralateral rotation - trunk extension, contralateral rotation - semispinalis - spans 5+ vertebrae - rotatores - spans 1 vertebra - multifidus - spans 2–4 vertebrae

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - interspinales

- neck extension - trunk extension

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - intertransversarii

- neck lateral bending - trunk lateral bending

atlantoaxial (AA) joint prime mover - scalenes

- neck lateral bending

facet / zygapophyseal joint - rectus abdominis

- trunk flexion, compression of abdomen

facet / zygapophyseal joint - external oblique

- trunk flexion, lateral bending, contralateral rotation, compression of abdomen

facet / zygapophyseal joint - internal oblique

- trunk flexion, lateral bending, ipsilateral rotation, compression of abdomen

facet / zygapophyseal joint - quadratus lumborum

- trunk lateral bending

facet / zygapophyseal joint - transverse abdominis

abdominal ligaments

thoracic cage landmarks

thoracic joints

respiratory structures

respiratory prime mover - diaphragm

respiratory prime mover - external intercostal

respiratory prime mover - internal intercostal

respiratory accessory muscles

skin

fascia

skin lines

bone segment

body joints

skull landmarks - lateral and frontal

skull landmarks - superior

skull landmarks - inferior

skull openings

head forces

head and scalp region

cervical spines landmarks

cranial nerves - function

cranial nerves - location

organs

palpate - suprasternal / jugular notch

palpate - xiphoid process

palpate - anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

palpate - iliac crest

palpate - posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

palpate - spinous process (C7, T1, T3, T7, S1/S2)

palpate - inferior angle of the scapula

palpate - spine of the scapula

palpate - acromion process

palpate - greater trochanter

palpate - thyroid cartilage

palpate - hyoid bone

palpate - angle of the mandible

palpate - angle of the mouth

palpate - nasolabial fold

palpate - temporomandibular joint

palpate - mastoid process

palpate - lobule of ear

palpate - sternum

palpate - temporal and carotid pulse

GONI process

- patient position - practitioner position - demonstrate action and procedure - ID and palpate bony landmarks - AROM - current patient status - PROM for end feel - correct GONI, align against bony landmarks - test - current patient status - normal range and result range - inform of how test relates to occupation

MMT Grade Scale

practitioner process

- professional dress and behavior - clean hands - PPE - introduce self, position, agency - introduce OT and following procedures - informed consent - aware of patient medical and behavioral history - aware of current patient status

MMT process

- patient position - practitioner position - demonstrate action and procedure - ID and palpate bony landmarks - ID prime movers - AROM - current patient status - PROM for end feel - stabilize and apply resistance - current patient status - asses and tentatively grade or increase resistance - muscle grade - inform of how test relates to occupation

GONI - neck flexion

End Positions. Flexion: The patient flexes the neck to the limit of the motion. Extension: The patient extends the neck to the limit of motion Substitute Movement. Mouth opening (for tape measure- ments), trunk flexion–extension Goniometer Axis. Over the lobule of the ear Stationary Arm. Perpendicular to the floor Movable Arm. Lies parallel to the base of the nares. In the start position, the goniometer will indicate 90°. This is recorded as 0° Flexion. The goniometer is realigned at the limit of neck flexion. The number of degrees the movable arm lies away from the 90° position is recorded as the neck flexion AROM (45°) Extension. The goniometer is realigned at the limit of neck extension. The number of degrees the movable arm lies away from the 90° position is recorded as the neck extension AROM (45°)

GONI - neck extension

GONI - neck lateral flexion

End Positions. The patient flexes the neck to the left side (without rotation) to the limit of motion. The patient flexes the neck to the right side (without rotation) to the limit of motion Substitute Movement. Elevation of the shoulder girdle to approximate the ear; ipsilateral trunk lateral flexion Goniometer Axis. Over the C7 spinous process Start position: universal goniometer alignment neck lateral flexion Stationary Arm. Along the spine and perpendicular to the floor Movable Arm. Points toward the midpoint of the head. In the start position, the goniometer will indicate 0° Lateral Flexion. The goniometer is realigned at the limit of neck lateral flexion. The number of degrees the movable arm lies away from the 0° position is recorded as the neck lateral flexion AROM (45°) to the side measured

GONI - neck rotation

End Position. The patient rotates the head to the left to the limit of motion. The patient rotates the head to the right side to the limit of motion Substitute Movement. Elevation and/or protrusion of the shoulder girdle to approximate the chin (tape measure); trunk rotation Goniometer Axis. Over the midpoint of the top of the head Stationary Arm. Parallel to a line joining the two acromion processes Movable Arm. Aligned with the nose. In the start position, the goniometer will indicate 90°. This is recorded as 0° Rotation. The goniometer is realigned at the limit of neck rotation. The number of degrees the movable arm lies away from the 90° position is recorded as the neck rotation AROM

MMT - neck and head flexion

The head and neck flexors are tested in the against gravity position. The anterior head and neck flexors are tested as a group; followed by isolation of the sternomastoid muscles Start Position. The patient is supine. The arms are over the head resting on the plinth. The elbows are flexed Stabilization. The trunk is stabilized by the plinth. The anterior abdominal muscles must be strong enough to provide anterior fixation of the thorax on the pelvis. In a patient with weak abdominals, stabilization is provided by downward pressure of the therapist’s hand on the thorax Movement. The patient flexes the head and neck through partial (grade 2) or full range (grade 3). The patient is instructed to keep the chin depressed (i.e., tucked in toward the manubrium sternum) as the neck is flexed Palpation. Longus capitis, longus colli, and rectus capitis ante- rior are too deep to palpate. The sternomastoid muscle may be palpated proximal to the clavicle or sternum. The muscle is more easily palpated in the isolated test involv- ing rotation. The scalenus anterior may be palpated above the clavicle and behind the sternomastoid Resistance Location. Applied on the forehead Resistance Direction. Head and neck extension

MMT - neck extension

The head and neck extensors are tested as a group in the against gravity position. The muscles include semispinalis capitis, rectus capitis posterior (major and minor), obliquus capitis (inferior and superior), splenius capitis, semispinalis cervicis, longissimus capitis and cervicis, splenius cervicis, spinalis capitis and cervi- cis, and iliocostalis cervicis. The strength of upper trapezius is tested as an elevator of the scapula Start Position. The patient is prone. The arms are over the head resting on the side of the plinth. The elbows are flexed Stabilization. The patient grasps the end of the plinth for stabilization. The therapist may stabilize the upper thoracic region to prevent trunk extension Movement. The patient extends and rotates the head and neck Palpation. The extensor muscles are palpated as a group paravertebrally Resistance Location. Applied on the head just proximal to the occiput Resistance Direction. Head and neck flexion and rotation

GONI - trunk flexion

Start Positions. Flexion: The patient is standing with feet shoulder width apart. A tape measure is used to measure the distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2. Extension: For thoracolumbar extension, the patient’s hands are placed on the iliac crests and into the small of the back. A tape measure is used to measure the distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2. The patient is instructed to keep the knees straight when performing the test movements Substitute Movement. None End Positions. Flexion: The patient flexes the trunk for- ward to the limit of motion for thoracolumbar flexion. The distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2 is measured again. The difference between the start and end position measures is the thoracolumbar flexion ROM

GONI - trunk extension

Start Positions. Flexion: The patient is standing with feet shoulder width apart. A tape measure is used to measure the distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2. Extension: For thoracolumbar extension, the patient’s hands are placed on the iliac crests and into the small of the back. A tape measure is used to measure the distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2. The patient is instructed to keep the knees straight when performing the test movements Substitute Movement. None End Positions. Extension: The patient extends the trunk backward to the limit of motion for thoracolumbar extension. The distance between the spinous processes of C7 and S2 is measured again. The difference between the start and end position measures is the thora- columbar extension ROM

GONI - trunk lateral flexion

Start Position. Standing Goniometer Axis. In the midline at the level of the PSIS (i.e., over the S2 spinous process) Stationary Arm. Perpendicular to the floor Movable Arm. Points toward the spine of C7 Lateral Flexion. The goniometer is realigned at the limit of trunk lateral flexion. The number of degrees the movable arm lies away from the 0° position is recorded as the thoracolumbar lateral flexion ROM to the side measured

MMT - trunk flexion

Start Position. The patient is supine Stabilization. Flexion of the cervical spine serves to fix the thorax and when combined with a posterior pelvic tilt provides the optimal posture for decreasing the lumbar lordosis, reducing the stress on the low back, and activating the abdominal muscles in performing the curl-up. If the patient is unable to perform a posterior pelvic tilt and maintain the lumbar spine in a flexed position when being tested for abdominal muscle strength, the test is discontinued To prevent contraction of the iliopsoas muscle and greater hyperextension of the lumbar spine, the therapist should not stabilize the feet Movement. The patient initially tilts the pelvis posteriorly to flex the lumbar spine, flexes the cervical spine lifting the head off the plinth, and then flexes the thoracic spine to perform a curl-up. The movement is per- formed slowly Substitute Movement. Hip flexors (lumbar lordosis) Palpation. Lateral to the midline on the anterior abdominal wall midway between the sternum and the pubis Grading - Grade 0: No movement, and no palpable contraction is evident - Grade 1: No movement is possible but a flicker of a muscle contraction may be palpated. When testing for grade 1, the patient may also be asked to cough while the therapist observes and palpates for the presence of muscle contraction - Grade 2: With the arms held outstretched in front of the trunk, the patient lifts the head and cervical spine off the plinth. The scapulae remain on the plinth - Grade 3: With the arms held outstretched in front of the trunk, the patient lifts the inferior angles of the scapulae clear of the plinth Resistance. Resistance is not applied manually by the therapist but is provided through positioning of the arms. The resistance of the head, trunk, and upper limbs increases as the upper limbs are moved toward the head. Accordingly, the arms are positioned across the chest or at above shoulder level with the hands beside the ears throughout the movement, for grades of 4 and 5, respectively. Note: For grade 5 testing, the hands are positioned beside the ears, rather than behind the head, to prevent stress being placed on the cervical spine inadvertently during testing Grading - Grade 4: With the arms positioned across the chest, the patient lifts the inferior angles of the scapulae clear of the plinth - Grade 5: With the hands positioned beside the ears, the patient lifts the inferior angles of the scap- ulae clear of the plinth

GONI - trunk rotation

Start Position. The patient is sitting with the feet supported on a stool and the arms crossed in front of the chest. The patient holds the end of the tape measure on the lateral aspect of the acromion process. The therapist holds the other end of the tape measure on either the uppermost point of the iliac crest at the midaxillary line (not shown) or on the upper border of the greater trochanter. The distance between the lateral aspect of the acromion process and the uppermost point of the iliac crest at the midaxillary line or the upper border of the greater trochanter is measured Stabilization. The body weight on the pelvis; the therapist can also stabilize the pelvis Substitute Movement. Trunk flexion, trunk extension, and shoulder girdle protraction (on the side the tape measure is held) End Position. The patient rotates the trunk to the limit of motion. The distance between the lateral aspect of the acromion process and either the uppermost point of the iliac crest at the midaxillary line or the upper border of the greater trochanter is measured at the limit of rotation. The difference between the start position and end position measures is the thoracolumbar rotation ROM. The surface landmarks used in the assessment should be documented Frost and colleagues described the use of the tape measure to measure trunk rotation (using the posterior clavicular prominence and the greater trochanter as landmarks) and noted that the accurate definition and palpation of the landmarks used in the assessment are critical for reliable assessment Clarkson recommends using the lateral aspect of the acromion process and the uppermost point of the iliac crest as the preferred surface landmarks, as these are easily palpated.

MMT - trunk extension

The strength of the neck and hip extensors should be tested before testing the strength of the trunk extensor muscles. If neck extensors are weak, the head will have to be supported during testing. If the hip extensors are weak or paralyzed, the pelvis cannot be adequately fixed in an extended position on the thigh as the patient attempts trunk extension and the patient will be unable to extend the trunk. The trunk extensors are tested as a group in the against gravity position Start Position. The patient is prone-lying with the feet over the end of the plinth and a pillow under the abdomen Stabilization. A strap is placed over the pelvis to isolate the lumbar extensor muscles and the therapist stabilizes the legs proximal to the ankles Substitute Movement. None Palpation. The trunk extensor muscles are palpated as a group paravertebral to the lumbar or thoracic spines Grading - Grade 0: No movement, and no palpable contraction is evident. - Grade 1: No movement is possible but a flicker of a muscle contraction can be palpated or observed as the patient attempts to lift the head. - Grade 2: With the arms at the sides, the patient lifts the head and upper portion of the sternum off the plinth - Grade 3: With the hands held behind the low back, the patient extends the trunk through partial ROM Resistance. Resistance is not applied manually by the therapist. Resistance is provided through positioning of the arms and increases as the upper limbs are positioned toward the head. The hands are positioned behind the low back or behind the head to test for grades 4 and 5, respectively Grading - Grade 4: With the hands held behind the back, the patient extends the trunk through the full ROM, that is, lifts the head and upper portion of the sternum, so that the xiphoid process is off the plinth - Grade 5: With the hands held behind the head, the patient extends the trunk through the full ROM and lifts the head and the sternum, so that the xiphoid process is off the plinth

facial muscle - buccinator

facial muscle - corrugator supercilii

facial muscle - depressor anguli oris

facial muscle - levator labii superioris

facial muscle - occipitofrontalis (frontal, occipital belly)

facial muscle - orbicularis oculi

facial muscle - orbicularis oris

facial muscle - platysma

shoulder girdle prime mover - trapezius (upper, middle, lower)

upper - elevation, upward rotation middle - retraction lower - depression, upward rotation

facial muscle - zygomaticus major

facial muscle - zygomaticus minor

ansa cervicalis

lesser occipital nerve

phrenic nerve

supraclavicular nerves (anterior, middle, lateral)

transverse / superficial / cutaneous cervical nerve

shoulder joint prime mover - deltoid

- anterior - flexion, medial rotation, horizontal adduction - posterior - extension, hyperextension, horizontal abduction, lateral rotation - whole - abduction

shoulder joint prime mover - latissimus dorsi

- extension, hyperextension, adduction, medial rotation

shoulder girdle prime mover - levator scapulae / scapula

- elevation, downward rotation

shoulder girdle prime mover - pectoralis minor

- protraction, depression, downward rotation, scapular tilt

shoulder joint prime mover - pectoralis major

- clavicular - flexion - sternal - extension - whole - adduction, horizontal adduction, medial rotation

shoulder girdle prime mover - rhomboideus/rhomboid major / minor

- retraction, elevation, downward rotation

shoulder girdle prime mover - serratus anterior

- protraction, upward rotation

shoulder joint prime mover - subscapularis

- medial rotation

shoulder joint prime mover - supraspinatus

- abduction

shoulder joint prime mover - infraspinatus

- horizontal abduction, lateral rotation

shoulder joint prime mover - teres major

- extension, adduction, medial rotation

shoulder joint prime mover - teres minor

- horizontal abduction, lateral rotation

shoulder girdle landmarks - scapula, sternum, clavicle

shoulder girdle ligaments

shoulder joint ligaments

shoulder joint landmarks - humerus

shoulder joint accessory muscle - coracobrachialis

respiratory accessory muscle - serratus posterior superior / inferior

trunk fascia

temporalis

masseter

lateral pterygoid

geniohyoid

stylohyoid

medial pterygoid

mylohyoid

digastric

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid

longus colli / longus cervicis

longus capitis

rectus capitis anterior

rectus capitis lateralis

obliquus capitis superior

obliquus capitis inferior

rectus capitis posterior minor

rectus capitis posterior major

sternocleidomastoid

splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

erector spinae - spinalis cervicis and thoracis

erector spinae - longissimus capitis and thoracis

erector spinae - iliocostalis cervicis thoracis and lumborum

transversospinalis - semispinalis capitis and thoracis

transversospinalis - rotatores thoracis longi and breves

transversospinalis - multifidus

interspinales

intertransversarii posteriores cervicis and laterales and mediales lumborum

scalene (anterior, middle, posterior)

rectus abdominis

external oblique

internal oblique

quadratus lumborum

transverse / transversus abdominis

diaphragm

external intercostal

internal intercostal

buccinator

corrugator supercilii

depressor anguli oris

levator labii superioris

occipitofrontalis (frontalis, occipitalis)

orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oris

platysma

trapezius (upper, middle, lower)

zygomaticus major

zygomaticus minor

deltoid

latissimus dorsi

levator scapulae / scapula

pectoralis minor

pectoralis major

rhomboideus / rhomboid major / minor

serratus anterior

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres major

teres minor

serratus posterior superior / inferior

EXAM 1 - APPLIED AND GROSS Flashcards

(278 cards)