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Embryology > Exam 1 weeks 2 & 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 weeks 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

On the 8th day what two parts do the blastocyst become?

A

Embryoblast and Trophoblast

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2
Q

What two layers do the embryoblast become?

A

Epiblast and Hypoblast

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3
Q

What 2 layers do the trophoblast become?

A

Cytotrophoblast and Synctiotrophoblast

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4
Q

What releases amnionic fluid into the cavity?

What method is amnionic fluid absorbed?

A
  • Embryo peeing and maternal secretion

- Embryo ingests fluid

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5
Q

Polyhydraminios: ?
Oligohydramnios: ?

A

Polyhydraminios: excess amnionic fluid.
Oligohydraminos: too little amniontic fluid

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6
Q

What is the name for the inner lining of the primary yolk sac (originally extraembryonic endoderm?

A

Heuser’s membrane

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7
Q

What are the two layers of extraembryonic mesoderm and what do they form?

A

Somatopleuric (forms the chorion) and splanchnopleuric (contributes to the umbilical cord)

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8
Q

What does the syncytiotrophoblast secrete, and what differentiates from Cytotrophoblast?

A

HcG, lose their cell structure, multinucleated blob while cytotrophoblast maintain cell structure.

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9
Q

On day 9 what does uteroplacental strutures form?

A

Trophoblastic lacunae and the maternal sinusoids

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10
Q

How does the embryo receive nutrients on the first week?

A

Through simple diffusion

On day 16 extraembryonic mesoderm extends into primary stem villi mak

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11
Q

On day 16-26 how does the embryo receive nutrients?

A

-Secondary stem villi the mesoderm extends into the primary stem villi.

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12
Q

By the end of 3rd week how does the embryo receive nutrients?

A

Tertiary stem villi: the villus has formed blood vessels that connect to forming fetal blood vessels.

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13
Q

What layers must material crossing between mother and fetus transverse?

A

Synciotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, connective tissue, wall of the blood vessel

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14
Q

What is the chorion (which helps form the placenta) is composed of?

A
  • syncytiotrophoblast
  • Cytotrophoblast
  • Somatopleuric layer of extrembryonic mesoderm
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15
Q
  • What genetic parent donates contributes more to the formation of the trophoblast?
  • What genetic parent donates contributes more to the formation of the embryoblast?
A
  • The father

- the mother

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16
Q

What are primary characteristics of hydatidiform Moles?

A
  • secretes high levels of hCG, and growth to big too fast for the gestational age.
17
Q

What types of moles are poorly developed embryo and always a result of triploid?

A

Partial moles

18
Q

What does a complete mole arise from?

A
  • Is the development of the trohoblast without an embryoblast.
19
Q

What can occur with a mole that is not completely removed lead to?

A
  • a malignancy possible a choriocarcinomas
20
Q

What day and what event begins gastrulation? How long does it last?

A

Day 15 the epiblast begins moving cells toward the primitive streak.
- Lasts to week 4

21
Q
  • What is the notochord derived from?

- Where does the length of the notochord go from and to?

A

Composed of mesoderm and endodermal cells

- Stretches from the primitive pit to the prechordal plate.

22
Q

What are the functions of the Notochord?

A

Functions of NotochordHigh Yield

  • CNS development
  • Development of the vertebral column
  • Anatomic midline
  • Forms the nucleus pulposis (IV discs)
23
Q

What is a Neuroenteric Cysts and what are its symptoms?

A
  • The neuroenteric canal is an opening in the ectoderm that allow the notochord to pass through. A neurenteric cyst is the persistence of this primitive streak resulting in a compressive lesion on the spinal column.
24
Q

What accounts for the head-tail fold that occurs in the sagittal plane?

A

The rapid growth of the CNS and differential growth.

25
Q

What is extopia cordis?

A

Is a thoracic wall defect in which the heart is on the outside of the chest wall.

26
Q

What is the main result of embryonic folding?

A

The flat trilaminar embryo becomes a tubular embryo

27
Q

What are the 2 disorders that could have the heart on the opposite side of the body? What differentiates them?

A
  • Dextracarda (only the heart is on the wrong side)

- Situs inversus (everything is on the wrong side)

28
Q

What is the disorder in which midline deficiency issues are present? What are the two structures that cause them?

A
  • Holoproencephaly - varying degrees of severity

- Issues with the primitive streak and with the primitive node.

29
Q

Caudal dysgenesis could result in what defect in amniotic fluid?

A

oligohydraminous- due to a lack of external genitalia producing amniotic fluid.

30
Q

What is are distinguishing characteristics of a sacral coccygeal teratoma?

A
  • Tumor at the coccyx (externally on the butt), tumor contains hair, teeth, skin,

Embryology (6 decks)

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