Exam 1 Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to what?

Answer 1

Axial Skeleton

Question 2

Paraxial mesoderm condenses to make?

Answer 2

somitomeres

Question 3

Somitomeres condense to make?

Answer 3

Somites

Question 4

How many somites on formed by day 35?

Answer 4

42-44

Question 5

Name and # of somites by region

Answer 5

4 occipital, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 8-10 coccygeal

Question 6

What do somites differentiate into?

Answer 6

sclerotomes and dermomyotomes

Question 7

Are sclerotomes medial or lateral to dermomyotomes?

Answer 7

medial

Question 8

What do sclerotomes form, and in what fashion?

Answer 8

vertebrae, and in caudal to cranial

Question 9

What forms the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 9

Notocord

Question 10

What forms the annulus fibrosis?

Answer 10

Sclerotome

Question 11

Incomplete fusion of the vertebral arch leads to what?

Answer 11

Spina bifida occulta, sometimes will present with a hairy patch

Question 12

Congenital Scoliosis is causes by what?

Answer 12

hemivertabrea (malformed vertebrae)

Question 13

What does the dermomyotome split into?

Answer 13

dermatome and myotome

Question 14

Muscles of the head are formed by?

Answer 14

somitomeres

Question 15

Muscle of the torso and limbs are formed by?

Answer 15

somites

Question 16

Primaxial muscle cell precursors give rise to?

Answer 16

muscles of the back, shoulder girdle and intercostal muscles

Question 17

Abaxial muscle cell precursors give rise to?

Answer 17

Infrahyoid, abdominal wall and limb muscles

Question 18

Ventral ramus and dorsal ramus innervate what?

Answer 18

Ventral = hypaxial 
Dorsal = epaxial

Question 19

Myoblsts give rise to what?

Answer 19

Muscle fibers (myotome-myoblasts-myotubes-muscle fibers)

Question 20

Improperly formed abaxial muscles cells cause?

Answer 20

Prune Belly Syndrome

Question 21

What day does the cranial neuropore close?

Answer 21

24-25

Question 22

What day does the caudal neuropore close?

Answer 22

26-27

Question 23

What cells line the walls of the closed neurotube?

Answer 23

Neuroepithelial

Question 24

What are the 3 layers of the neural tube?

Answer 24

ventricular layer, mantle layer (gray matter), marginal layer (white matter)

Question 25

What cell is not derived from neuroepithelial cells?

Answer 25

Microglia (from mesenchymal)

Question 26

Neuroepithelial cells give rise to?

Answer 26

bipolar neuroblasts, multipolar neuroblasts, gliablast, oligodendroglia, protoplasmic astroytes, and fibrillar astrocytes

Question 27

What cells line the cavity of ventricles of the CNS?

Answer 27

ependymal cells

Question 28

The dorsal horn is from what plate? and is what area of the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Alar plate and sensory

Question 29

The ventral horn is from what plate? and is what area of the spinal cord?

Answer 29

Basal plate and motor

Question 30

What is the 1st type of spinal nerves developed? 2nd and 3rd?

Answer 30

GSE, GVE and sensory

Question 31

What cells give rise to parts of the PNS and ANS?

Answer 31

Neural crest cells

Question 32

Sympathetic innervation is from?

Answer 32

T1 - L2

Question 33

Parasympathetic fibers are from?

Answer 33

brainstem and sacral region

Question 34

Nerocrest cells that fail to form properly causing an impacted colon cause?

Answer 34

Hirschsprungs Disease

Question 35

What is a fluid filled cyst containing CSF? menninges? spinal neural tissue?

Answer 35

Spina bifida cystica, mininogocele, myelomeningocele