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NUR 346 > Exam 1: week 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1: week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diathesis-stress model

A

nature AND nurture
diathesis = biology
stress = environmental

mental illness comes from both

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2
Q

What is the mental health parity act

A

1996
act that requires insurance companies to cover mental health in the same degree as physical health

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3
Q

Who is the mother of psychiatric nursing

A

Hildegard Peplau

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4
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud
mental illness is due to trauma in childhood
talk therapy
free association
levels of awareness
personality structure

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5
Q

What are Freud’s levels of awareness

A

conscious- aware
peconscious- easily retrieved
unconscious- repressed memories

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6
Q

What is Freud’s personality structure

A

Id- selfish
Ego- reasoning
Superego- selfless

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7
Q

What is Freud’s theory about anxiety

A

Anxiety is an inevitable part of life
- defense mechanisms are created by the ego to ward off anxiety

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8
Q

What are Freud’s psychosexual stages of development

A

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

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9
Q

What age is the oral stage of development

A

birth-1 year

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10
Q

What age is the anal stage of development

A

1-3 years

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11
Q

What age is the phallic stage of development

A

3-6 years

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12
Q

What age is the latency stage of development

A

6-11 years

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13
Q

What age is the genital stage of development

A

12 and up

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14
Q

What is transference

A

When a patient puts their feelings about someone in their life on the caregiver
(you remind them of their child so they talk to you like a baby)

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15
Q

What is countertransference

A

When the caregiver puts their feelings about someone in their life on the patient
(your dad is an alcoholic and sucks so you treat your alcoholic patient as if they suck)

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16
Q

What is psychodynamic therapy

A

newer model of psychoanalytic therapy
- more input from therapist
- good for intelligent patients who are ready for change
- focuses more on the present

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17
Q

What is the interpersonal theory

A

harry Stack Sullivan
- personality is behavior observed within interpersonal relationships
- purpose of all behavior is too meet needs and reduce/avoid anxiety

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18
Q

Interpersonal therapy is good for treating which mental health issues

A

Greif/loss
interpersonal disputes
role transitions

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19
Q

How is the interpersonal theory used in nursing

A

Hildegard Peplau
- patient focused
- nurse must be participant and observer (authentic human being)
- application of Sullivan’s theory of anxiety to help patients
- lowering patients’ anxiety improved ability to think and function

20
Q

What is the behavior theory

A

Behavior is influenced by conditioning (do good, get reward)
- Pavlov (classical conditioning - drooling dogs)
- skinner (operant conditioning - mouse hit lever, get food)
- Watson (classical conditioning in humans - baby afraid of rat)

21
Q

What are the four types of behavioral therapy

A

modeling
operant conditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy

22
Q

What is the modeling type of behavioral therapy

A

Therapist provides a role model for the patient
- behavior is learned through imitation and role play

23
Q

What is the operant conditioning type of behavioral therapy

A

Uses positive reinforcement to modify behavior

24
Q

What is the systematic desensitization type of behavioral therapy

A

exposes the patient to their fears so they can get over them (exposure therapy)

25
Q

What is aversion therapy

A

A type of behavioral therapy used when the other types are unsuccessful
- rarely used
- uses punishment to discourage a behavior

26
Q

What are the two types of cognitive therapies

A

rational emotive therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy

27
Q

What is rational-emotive therapy

A

Ellis
- aims to eliminate irrational beliefs

28
Q

What is cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Beck
- identify distorted beliefs
- change way of thinking
- change behavior
- reduce symptoms

29
Q

What is the humanistic theory

A

Abraham Maslow
- humans strive for self actualization
- focus less on negative emotions and more on positive emotions

30
Q

What are the steps in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

(bottom to top)
physiological needs
safety needs
love and belonging
esteem
self-actualization

31
Q

What are the 8 stages of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory

A

trusts vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame-doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generativity vs. self-absorption
integrity vs. despair

32
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the trust vs. mistrust stage

A

0-1.5 years

33
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the autonomy vs shame-doubt stage

A

1.5-3 years

34
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the initiative vs. guilt stage

A

3-6 years

35
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the industry vs. inferiority stage

A

6-12 years

36
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the identity vs. role confusion stage

A

12-20 years

37
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the intimacy vs isolation stage

A

20-35 years

38
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the generativity vs self absorption stage

A

35-65 years

39
Q

What ages are associated with Erikson’s psychosocial development theory at the integrity vs despair stage

A

65+ years

40
Q

What are the main points of Erikson’s ego theory

A
  • eight stages of development
  • follower of Freud but believed that development continues throughout life
  • failure at one stage can be rectified at another stage
41
Q

What is the theory of object relations

A

Margaret Mahler
- past relationships influence sense of self and present relationships
- early separation from the mother causes issues
- psychological birth = when child separates from their mother and becomes an individual

42
Q

What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

A

Preconventional level
- stage 1
- stage 2
Conventional level
- stage 3
- stage 4
Postconventional level
- stage 5
- stage 6

43
Q

What are the main points of Gilligan’s ethics of care theory

A
  • believed that Kohlberg’s theory favored males
  • women prioritize ethics of care
  • men prioritize ethics of justice
  • used Kohlberg’s levels of development but focused less on cognition and more on personal development
44
Q

What are Gilligan’s levels of development

A

Preconventional
- “I love me” to “I love you”
Conventional
- “I love you more than me”
Postconventional
- “I love myself and you”

45
Q

What is Milieu therapy

A

A psychiatric philosophy that involves a secure environment (people, settings, structure, and emotional climate) to support recovery.
Takes naturally occurring events in the environment and uses them as learning opportunities for patients.

NUR 346 (7 decks)

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