Exam 1: The High Risk Foot Flashcards
What term is described as a condition that is related to the dysfunction of the autonomic system that causes a progressive disorder that leads to joint dislocation, fracturs, and deformity of the foot.
Charco foot
Charco foot is related to the dysfunction of the _____ system
autonomic
Charco foot is a progressive disorder that leads to what 3 structural conditions of the foot
- Dislocation
- Fractures
- Deformity of the foot
Architectural changes due to Charco foot can cause an (increase/decrease) of pressure on the plantar surface and ulcerations if not treated
increase
If left untreated, Charco foot can cause architectural changes that can cause an increase in _____ pressure and _____.
plantar; ulcerations
Charco foot is most often seen in _____ patients
diabetic
An individual with Charco foot will have (an extremely high/completely collapsed) arch
completely collapse
How could an individual with Charco foot end up as an amputee?
With this condition, the arch will collapse leaving bony prominences to be in the arch. This causes skin breakdown and can lead to infection/amputee
Charco foot is believed to be caused by two theories, Charcot’s Theory and 2nd Theory. Explain what Charcot’s theory is
Re-absorption of the bone is occurring due to an increase in blood flow to the bones because of an impaired autonomic system
Charco foot is believed to be caused by two theories, Charcot’s Theory and 2nd Theory. Explain what 2nd Theory is
Charco foot is related to trauma in an insensate foot
The likely patient to develop Charco foot
(will/will not) have sensory neuropathy
(will/will not) have adequate blood flow
(will/will not) have a history of trauma
will have sensory problems
will have adequate blood flow
Will have trauma
What are the 4 clinical presentations of Charco foot
- Erythematous
- Edematous
- Increase skin temp
- Decreased sensation to nociception and pressure
What condition does charco foot typically get misdiagnosed as
cellulitis
What are two simple interventions for Charco foot
Immobilization and non weight bearing until signs of healing become apparent
What are two signs of healing to look for after immobilizing a patient and requiring NWB for a patient with charco foot
decreased temp and decreased swelling
What type of immobilization cast has been shown to have the fastest healing times and most success overall
total contact cast
What are three other immobilization options for treating Charco foot besides a total contact cast
- Posterior walking splint
- DH pressure relief walker
- Instant total contact cast fabricated by applying fiberglass to a removable walker
After immobilization and signs of healing are apparent, appropriate _____ and _____ intervention are important for stabilization and decreasing plantar pressures
footwear and orthotic
After immobilization and signs of healing are apparent, appropriate footwear and orthotic intervention are important for _____ and decreasing _____ _____
stabilization; plantar pressures
When would surgical intervention be needed in a patient with charco foot
If the foot is too unstable or severely deformed with fractures and dislocation
What 4 shoe accommodations can be made for patients with charco foot
Extra depth
Extra width
Custom molded shoe with custom insert or orthotic
Snug at heel to prevent pistoning
Insert and orthotic support should be
- molded to the foot for (no/total) contact to decrease plantar pressures
- Relief for ____ if present
- Ideally a perfect balance between ____ and _____
total; wound; durability; cushioning
What type of orthotic has been shown to be a good option for charco foot patients
A rigid shoe with a rocker bottom sole (rocker on toes) with a custom molded insert
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for skin care
- Wash feet daily and dry them well, especially between the toes
- Apply a thin layer of moisturizer but avoid between the toes
- Trim toenails after washing and drying feet
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for skin care
- Cut toenails straight across and smooth any sharp edges
- Have a podiatrist handle ingrown nails
- Thin thick corns or calluses by gently using a pumice stone or by professional care
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for skin care
- Check water temp with a thermometer or elbow before bathing
- Wear socks at night if feet are cold
- Use sunscreen on the tops of feet during the summer
- Ask health care providers to check feet at each visit
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for skin care
- Soak feet in water
- Use moisturizer between the toes
- Cut Corns and Calluses
Don’ts
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for skin care
- Use chemical agents, corn plasters, strong antiseptics, or adhesive tape on feet
- Use hot water bottles or heating pads
Don’ts
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for foot self-inspection
- Inspect all surfaces of the feet daily
- Report any injuries to a health care provider immediately
- Feel for areas of increased temperature
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for foot self-inspection
- Use a mirror if necessary to see the bottom of feet
- Have family member, friend, or health care provider check feet
- Check for tender areas on the bottom of the feet
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for foot self-inspection
- Wait to report problems to a health care provider
Don’t
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for footwear
- Wear shoes that fit the size and shape of feet and leave room for any necessary insoles
- Ask a health care provider to recommend the correct type of shoe
- Break in new shoes slowly, checking feet frequently for signs of irritation
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for footwear
- Keep shoes and insoles in good repair
- Always wear socks or stockings with shoes and wear a clean pair daily
- Before putting on shoes, check for rough areas, torn linings, or loose objects that can injure the foot
Do’s
Are these Do’s or Don’ts of preventative foot care for footwear
- Walk barefoot
- Wear socks that are too baggy or have holes
- Wear socks that are constricting at the top
- Wear flip flops
Don’ts
Which of the two theories that cause charco foot is the neurovascular theory
Charcot’s theory
Which of the two theories that cause charco foot is the neurotraumatic theory
2nd theory
