Exam 1 terms

Question 1

crime

Answer 1

a wrong against society proclaimed by law

if committed under certain circumstances punishable by society

Question 2

census model

Answer 2

majority of citizens in a society share the same values &beliefs

Question 3

conflict model

Answer 3

determined by the groups that hold economic, political, &social power in a community

Question 4

public order crime

Answer 4

outlawed activities that are considered contrary to public values &morals
public drunkness, prostitution, gambling

Question 5

white collar crime

Answer 5

business-related crimes committed by an individual / business to obtain a personal / business advantage

Question 6

organized crime

Answer 6

illegal acts by illegal organizations usually for economic gain
mobs

Question 7

cyber crime

Answer 7

crime directly related to computers

Question 8

criminology

Answer 8

study of the causes &control of crime

contains many different theories as to why people commit crime

Question 9

theory

Answer 9

an explanation of a happening that is based on observation, experimentation, &reasoning

Question 10

choice theory

Answer 10

people commit crimes because they choose to

Question 11

biological theory

Answer 11

physical features are related to criminal behavior

-sloping foreheads, extra fingers, toes, &nipples, excessive body hair

Question 12

psychological theory

Answer 12

focuses on abnormalities such as personality disorders

Question 13

xyy chromosome theory

Answer 13

idea that violent behavior in males can be attributed to the presence of an extra y chromosome

Question 14

sociological theory

Answer 14

based on social determinism

- relations, social interactions, social expectations, &pressure exerted by peers

Question 15

strain theory

Answer 15

extraordinary pressures make people more likely to commit crime

Question 16

social disorganization theory

Answer 16

explains crime rates by examining city neighborhood characteristics

Question 17

victimology

Answer 17

scientific study of victims

• behaviors
• injuries
• assistance
• legal rights
• recovery

Question 18

choice theory response

Answer 18

harsher penalties &punishments

Question 19

biological theory response

Answer 19

treatment (medicine)

Question 20

psychological theory response

Answer 20

treatment (counseling)

Question 21

sociological theory response

Answer 21

improve environmental conditions

Question 22

ucr

Answer 22

database of info about reported / known crimes collected by the fbi

Question 23

ucr limitations

Answer 23

not all crimes are reported
when several crimes take place in one event, only the most serious offenses are included
departments may manipulate data
crime data may be bias in certain neighborhoods

Question 24

ncvs

Answer 24

directly survey participants to determine their experiences as victims of crime
asked about being the victim of rape, robbery, assault, larceny, burglary, &auto theft

Question 25

ncvs limitations

Answer 25

covers only a small number of offenses
honesty of the respondent
memory of the respondent

Question 26

self report surveys / srs

Answer 26

method of gathering crime data that relies on participants to reveal &detail their own criminal / delinquent behavior
drug use, theft

Question 27

srs limitations

Answer 27

honesty of the respondent

Question 28

types of law enforcement agencies

Answer 28

federal
state
county
municipal

Question 29

political era

Answer 29

patronage system
form of corruption in which the political party in power hires &promotes police officers, receiving job related “favors” in return

Question 30

reform era

Answer 30

emphasizes centralized police organizations, increased use of technology, &limitation of discretion thru regulations
police chiefs took control of their departments

Question 31

community era

Answer 31

based on the notion that meaningful interaction between officers &citizens will lead to a partnership in preventing &fighting crime

Question 32

becoming a police officer

Answer 32

not have been convicted of a felony
eligible drivers license
be at least 21 yrs old

Question 33

police officer education

Answer 33

bachelor’s degree or above

must have 60 semester hours of credit

Question 34

fleeing felon doctrine

Answer 34

permits use of force, including deadly force, against an individual suspected of a felony &who is in clear fight

Question 35

clear &present danger rule

Answer 35

deadly force may be justifiable only if the officer / general public is in immediate danger

Question 36

procedural justice

Answer 36

refers to the fairness of the process by which the police exercise their authority

Question 37

4th amendment

Answer 37

the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, &effects, against unreasonable searches &seizures, shall not be violated, &no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause

Question 38

probable cause

Answer 38

likelihood that there is a direct link between a suspect &a crime

Question 39

searches in your residence

Answer 39

w a warrant

w/out a warrant : individual has to give consent, done w accompany to arrest

Question 40

searches in your car

Answer 40

the 4th amendment does not require police to obtain a warrant to search cars when they have a probable cause / evidence of criminal activity

Question 41

searches on the street

Answer 41

stop &frisk

Question 42

fruit of the poisoned tree

Answer 42

any physical / verbal evidence police are able to acquire by using illegally obtained evidence

Question 43

arrest

Answer 43

restriction of the freedom of a person by taking him / her into police custody

Question 44

an arrest can be made by

Answer 44

arrest warrant
when they observe a violation of the law
life/death
probable cause

Question 45

dwb

Answer 45

driving while black

Question 46

dwh

Answer 46

driving while hispanic

Question 47

fwa

Answer 47

flying while arab

Question 48

pretextual stop

Answer 48

a strop used as a reason to search the vehicle

whren vs united states