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(Bio 156) Unit 1/Exam 1- Study Guide > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Number of new species identified per day

A

50

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2
Q

9 Properties of life

A

“orangutans say read and get real heavenly euphoric eclairs”
Order, sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth, regulation, hemostasis, energy processing, evolution

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3
Q

Hemostasis

A

Set of processes by which an organism keeps it’s internal conditions within tolerable ranges to sustain life

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4
Q

Example of hemostasis

A

Blood clotting

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5
Q

Negative feedback

A

Stimulus and response go in opposite directions

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6
Q

Example of negative feedback

A

Body temperature or cruise control on a vehicle

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7
Q

Positive feedback

A

Stimulus and response go in same direction until a specific outcome is achieved

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8
Q

Example of positive feedback

A

Pregnancy, milk letting, blood clotting

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9
Q

12 levels of organizations of life

A

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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10
Q

New properties present at one level that aren’t seen in previous levels

A

Emergent properties

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11
Q

My toaster doesn’t toast my bread

A

Observation

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12
Q

Example of observation

A

My toaster doesn’t toast my bread

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13
Q

Why doesn’t my toaster work?

A

Question

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14
Q

There is something wrong with the electrical outlet

A

Hypothesis

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15
Q

If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffee maker also won’t work when plugged into it

A

Prediction

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16
Q

I plugged my coffee maker into the outlet

A

Experiment

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17
Q

My coffee maker works

A

Result or conclusion

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18
Q

Three types of variables

A

Independent, dependent, controlled

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19
Q

I control the variable/what I change in the experiment

A

Independent variable (stirring)

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20
Q

It will change but it’s not what I control. Dependent on independent variable.

A

Dependent variable (IE, sugar dissolves)

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21
Q

Control anything that will influence your results

A

Controlled variables (IE, Tea stirred, temperature and type)

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22
Q

Modification of a species over generations/traits from parent of offspring

A

Evolution

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23
Q

Two forms of reproduction and determining evolutionary similarity

A

Asexual and sexual

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24
Q

Offspring are clones/offspring arise from one parent

A

Asexual

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25
Offspring arise from two parents and inherit jeans from both
Sexual
26
True or False: homogulous structures are the result of divergent evolution
True
27
Example of divergent evolution
Bone structure/forearms
28
True or false: analogous structures are convergent evolution (not closely related)
True
29
Example of analogous structures (similar looking structure but different environments)
Wings: birds, mammals, fish, insects
30
Has mass and occupy space: All matter is comprised of atoms
Matter
31
Smallest unit of an element
Atom
32
Pure substance that consists only of atoms with same number of protons
Element (. Periodic table)
33
Average number of mass of protons plus neutrons allowing for relative abundances of different isotypes
Atomic mass unit
34
Where is the atomic number found on the periodic table?
Upper left corner of symbol box
35
Where is the atomic symbol found?
In the middle of the atomic box
36
Where is the atomic mass found on the periodic table box
Middle/Underneath the atomic symbol
37
This has a positive charge and mass of 1 AMU
Proton
38
This has no charge and a mass of 1 amu
Neutron
39
This has a negative charge and 1/2000 the mass of a proton 0 amu
Electron
40
Four major elements of the human body
"HONC": HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, CARBON
41
Dark purple color on the periodic table
Noble gas
42
Light color purple on the periodic table
Halogen
43
Red color on the periodic table
Alkaline metals
44
Yellow color on the periodic table
Transition metals (10 rows)
45
Orange color on the periodic table
Alkaline earth metals
46
Blue color on the periodic table
Nonmetals
47
True or false: elements are grouped by the number of valence electrons which determines the chemical properties of the element
True
48
Reactions that involve building a more complex product, two elements molecules are compounds joined to form a more complex compound
Synthesis
49
Original molecules
Reactants
50
Molecules resulting from reaction
Products
51
Reactions which involve breaking down or breaking apart
Decomposition/catabolic
52
Reactions which involve breaking down or breaking apart
Decomposition/catabolic
53
Reaction in which the atoms exchange partners
Exchange reactions
54
During some chemical reactions electrons can be transferred from one atom to another/cellular respirations
Redox reactions
55
During some chemical reactions electrons can be transferred from one atom to another/cellular respirations
Redox reactions
56
Reactions occur from the loss of electrons
Oxidation
57
Reactions occur when electrons or hydrogen are gained
Reduction
58
Five properties of water
High specific heat; high heat of vaporization; solid water is less dense than liquid water; good solvent; organizes nonpolar molecules
59
pH, acid, base, buffers
Acids and bases
60
"PVT Tim Hall'
Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan. Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine. Histidine, Argnine, Leucine, Lysine.
61
How many amino acids are there
20 (9 are essential acids)
62
4 levels of protein structure synthesis
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
63
Subunit of a polymer
Monomer
64
Consists of multiple monomers linked together
Polymer
65
What are the four basic categories for organic compounds
Water, salts, many acids and bases
66
What are the four basic categories for monomers
Simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides
67
For basic categories for polymer
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
68
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical structure
Isomer
69
One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
Isotope
70
The 3 manosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose
71
The 3 disaccharides
Maltos, sucrose, lactose
72
The 3 polysaccharides
Amylose, cellulose, glycogen + chitin
73
What are the 4 fat soluble items
Vitamin A, D, E, K
74
Vitamin A
B-carotine
75
Vitamin D
Needed for Ca2+ absorption
76
Vitamin E
Antioxidant
77
Vitamin K
Normal blood clotting
78
True or false about amino acids: each had the same structure of a central carbon atom with a single hydrogen, carboxyl group, and amino group and a side "R" group
True
79
True or false regarding proteins / amino acids: Only the"R" groups changes
True
80
Bond between amino group of 1 amino acid and the carboxyl group of another
Peptide bond
81
Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Polypeptide
82
What are the 4 levels of protein structure
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
83
What is the first function level of protein structure
Tertiary structure
84
This unfolds and no longer fulfills function when exposed to temperature and pH extremes, heavy metals and other toxins (non-functional)
Denaturation
85
True or false: denaturation is reversible and irreversible
True
86
Category of water repellent and lubricating secretions in plants and animals
Waxes (ear wax)
87
Greasy or oily nonpolar organic molecules often with one or more fatty acid tails
Lipids
88
Categories of lipids
Waxes, steroids, immune components, vitamins, cellular membranes, triglycerides
89
Consumed in diet & stored in adipose.
Triglyceride
90
True or false: Trigliceride fats are most abundant source of energy invertebrates and are stored in adipose tissue that insulates and protects the body and organs
True
91
True or false: triglyceride has three fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol backbone
True
92
This has 17 carbon atoms but in a ring structure with a carbon tail
Steroid
93
True or false: a steroid is a type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails
True
94
Three nucleic acids
Monomer, polymer, Supra molecular
95
Nucleotide
Monomer
96
DNA
Polymer
97
Chromatin
Supra molecular structure
98
Source of immediate energy for cellular work
ATP

(Bio 156) Unit 1/Exam 1- Study Guide (4 decks)

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