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(Bio 156) Unit 1/Exam 1- Study Guide > Exam 1 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Number of new species identified per day

A

50

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2
Q

9 Properties of life

A

“orangutans say read and get real heavenly euphoric eclairs”
Order, sensitivity, reproduction, adaptation, growth, regulation, hemostasis, energy processing, evolution

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3
Q

Hemostasis

A

Set of processes by which an organism keeps it’s internal conditions within tolerable ranges to sustain life

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4
Q

Example of hemostasis

A

Blood clotting

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5
Q

Negative feedback

A

Stimulus and response go in opposite directions

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6
Q

Example of negative feedback

A

Body temperature or cruise control on a vehicle

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7
Q

Positive feedback

A

Stimulus and response go in same direction until a specific outcome is achieved

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8
Q

Example of positive feedback

A

Pregnancy, milk letting, blood clotting

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9
Q

12 levels of organizations of life

A

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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10
Q

New properties present at one level that aren’t seen in previous levels

A

Emergent properties

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11
Q

My toaster doesn’t toast my bread

A

Observation

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12
Q

Example of observation

A

My toaster doesn’t toast my bread

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13
Q

Why doesn’t my toaster work?

A

Question

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14
Q

There is something wrong with the electrical outlet

A

Hypothesis

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15
Q

If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffee maker also won’t work when plugged into it

A

Prediction

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16
Q

I plugged my coffee maker into the outlet

A

Experiment

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17
Q

My coffee maker works

A

Result or conclusion

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18
Q

Three types of variables

A

Independent, dependent, controlled

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19
Q

I control the variable/what I change in the experiment

A

Independent variable (stirring)

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20
Q

It will change but it’s not what I control. Dependent on independent variable.

A

Dependent variable (IE, sugar dissolves)

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21
Q

Control anything that will influence your results

A

Controlled variables (IE, Tea stirred, temperature and type)

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22
Q

Modification of a species over generations/traits from parent of offspring

A

Evolution

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23
Q

Two forms of reproduction and determining evolutionary similarity

A

Asexual and sexual

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24
Q

Offspring are clones/offspring arise from one parent

A

Asexual

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25
Q

Offspring arise from two parents and inherit jeans from both

A

Sexual

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26
Q

True or False: homogulous structures are the result of divergent evolution

A

True

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27
Q

Example of divergent evolution

A

Bone structure/forearms

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28
Q

True or false: analogous structures are convergent evolution (not closely related)

A

True

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29
Q

Example of analogous structures (similar looking structure but different environments)

A

Wings: birds, mammals, fish, insects

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30
Q

Has mass and occupy space: All matter is comprised of atoms

A

Matter

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31
Q

Smallest unit of an element

A

Atom

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32
Q

Pure substance that consists only of atoms with same number of protons

A

Element (. Periodic table)

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33
Q

Average number of mass of protons plus neutrons allowing for relative abundances of different isotypes

A

Atomic mass unit

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34
Q

Where is the atomic number found on the periodic table?

A

Upper left corner of symbol box

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35
Q

Where is the atomic symbol found?

A

In the middle of the atomic box

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36
Q

Where is the atomic mass found on the periodic table box

A

Middle/Underneath the atomic symbol

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37
Q

This has a positive charge and mass of 1 AMU

A

Proton

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38
Q

This has no charge and a mass of 1 amu

A

Neutron

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39
Q

This has a negative charge and 1/2000 the mass of a proton 0 amu

A

Electron

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40
Q

Four major elements of the human body

A

“HONC”: HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, CARBON

41
Q

Dark purple color on the periodic table

A

Noble gas

42
Q

Light color purple on the periodic table

A

Halogen

43
Q

Red color on the periodic table

A

Alkaline metals

44
Q

Yellow color on the periodic table

A

Transition metals (10 rows)

45
Q

Orange color on the periodic table

A

Alkaline earth metals

46
Q

Blue color on the periodic table

A

Nonmetals

47
Q

True or false: elements are grouped by the number of valence electrons which determines the chemical properties of the element

A

True

48
Q

Reactions that involve building a more complex product, two elements molecules are compounds joined to form a more complex compound

A

Synthesis

49
Q

Original molecules

A

Reactants

50
Q

Molecules resulting from reaction

A

Products

51
Q

Reactions which involve breaking down or breaking apart

A

Decomposition/catabolic

52
Q

Reactions which involve breaking down or breaking apart

A

Decomposition/catabolic

53
Q

Reaction in which the atoms exchange partners

A

Exchange reactions

54
Q

During some chemical reactions electrons can be transferred from one atom to another/cellular respirations

A

Redox reactions

55
Q

During some chemical reactions electrons can be transferred from one atom to another/cellular respirations

A

Redox reactions

56
Q

Reactions occur from the loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

57
Q

Reactions occur when electrons or hydrogen are gained

A

Reduction

58
Q

Five properties of water

A

High specific heat; high heat of vaporization; solid water is less dense than liquid water; good solvent; organizes nonpolar molecules

59
Q

pH, acid, base, buffers

A

Acids and bases

60
Q

“PVT Tim Hall’

A

Phenylalanine, Valine, Tryptophan. Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine. Histidine, Argnine, Leucine, Lysine.

61
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20 (9 are essential acids)

62
Q

4 levels of protein structure synthesis

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

63
Q

Subunit of a polymer

A

Monomer

64
Q

Consists of multiple monomers linked together

A

Polymer

65
Q

What are the four basic categories for organic compounds

A

Water, salts, many acids and bases

66
Q

What are the four basic categories for monomers

A

Simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides

67
Q

For basic categories for polymer

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

68
Q

Molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical structure

A

Isomer

69
Q

One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

Isotope

70
Q

The 3 manosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

71
Q

The 3 disaccharides

A

Maltos, sucrose, lactose

72
Q

The 3 polysaccharides

A

Amylose, cellulose, glycogen + chitin

73
Q

What are the 4 fat soluble items

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

74
Q

Vitamin A

A

B-carotine

75
Q

Vitamin D

A

Needed for Ca2+ absorption

76
Q

Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant

77
Q

Vitamin K

A

Normal blood clotting

78
Q

True or false about amino acids: each had the same structure of a central carbon atom with a single hydrogen, carboxyl group, and amino group and a side “R” group

A

True

79
Q

True or false regarding proteins / amino acids: Only the”R” groups changes

A

True

80
Q

Bond between amino group of 1 amino acid and the carboxyl group of another

A

Peptide bond

81
Q

Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

A

Polypeptide

82
Q

What are the 4 levels of protein structure

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

83
Q

What is the first function level of protein structure

A

Tertiary structure

84
Q

This unfolds and no longer fulfills function when exposed to temperature and pH extremes, heavy metals and other toxins (non-functional)

A

Denaturation

85
Q

True or false: denaturation is reversible and irreversible

A

True

86
Q

Category of water repellent and lubricating secretions in plants and animals

A

Waxes (ear wax)

87
Q

Greasy or oily nonpolar organic molecules often with one or more fatty acid tails

A

Lipids

88
Q

Categories of lipids

A

Waxes, steroids, immune components, vitamins, cellular membranes, triglycerides

89
Q

Consumed in diet & stored in adipose.

A

Triglyceride

90
Q

True or false: Trigliceride fats are most abundant source of energy invertebrates and are stored in adipose tissue that insulates and protects the body and organs

A

True

91
Q

True or false: triglyceride has three fatty acid tails attached to a glycerol backbone

A

True

92
Q

This has 17 carbon atoms but in a ring structure with a carbon tail

A

Steroid

93
Q

True or false: a steroid is a type of lipid with four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

A

True

94
Q

Three nucleic acids

A

Monomer, polymer, Supra molecular

95
Q

Nucleotide

A

Monomer

96
Q

DNA

A

Polymer

97
Q

Chromatin

A

Supra molecular structure

98
Q

Source of immediate energy for cellular work

A

ATP

(Bio 156) Unit 1/Exam 1- Study Guide (4 decks)

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