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(Bio 156) Exam 1- Study Guide > Chapter 1: The Study Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1: The Study Of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

The study of living organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments.

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2
Q

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which living organisms obtain and use energy is called __________.

A

metabolism

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5
Q

What is the process by which living organisms evolve and adapt to their environments?

A

Natural selection

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The genetic material of an organism is stored in its __________.

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

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7
Q

True or False: All living organisms require oxygen to survive.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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9
Q

True or False: Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus.

A

False

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10
Q

What is the term for the gradual change in a species over time?

A

Evolution

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The theory that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells is called the __________ theory.

A

cell

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12
Q

True or False: Fungi are classified as plants.

A

False

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which living organisms reproduce and pass on their genetic information is called __________.

A

reproduction

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14
Q

What is the term for the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism?

A

Metabolism

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15
Q

True or False: All living organisms require water to survive.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

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17
Q

What is the term for the study of the structure and function of living organisms?

A

Anatomy and Physiology

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18
Q

What is a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions

A

Atom

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19
Q

The smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

A

Cell

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20
Q

A set of populations inhabiting a particular area

A

Community

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21
Q

A form of logical thinking that uses a general statement to predict specific results

A

Deductive reasoning

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22
Q

The process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species of rising from older species

A

Evolution

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23
Q

The ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

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24
Q

A suggested explanation for an event which can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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25
Q

Able to be disproven by experimental results

A

Falsifiable

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26
Q

A form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion

A

Inductive reasoning

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27
Q

A large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules

A

Macromolecule

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28
Q

A chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond

A

Molecule

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29
Q

A field of science, such as biology, that studies living things

A

Life science

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30
Q

A field of science that studies the physical world, it’s phenomena, and processes

A

Natural science

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31
Q

A structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function

A

Organ

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32
Q

A membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell

A

Organelle

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33
Q

An individual living entity

A

Organism

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34
Q

A scientific report that is reviewed by scientists colleagues before publication

A

Peer-reviewed article

35
Q

A field of science, such as astronomy physics and chemistry, that studies non-living matter

A

Physical science

36
Q

All individuals within a species living within a specific area

A

Population

37
Q

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

A

Prokaryote

38
Q

A thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomenon

A

Scientific theory

39
Q

A part of an experiment that can vary or change

A

Variable

40
Q

The common thread throughout scientific research is the use of

A

The scientific method

41
Q

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most complex to the least complex level?

A

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, macromolecule, molecule, atom.

42
Q

Stimulus and response go in opposite directions

A

Negative feedback

43
Q

Stimulus and response go in same direction until a specific outcome is achieved

A

Positive feedback

44
Q

12 levels of organization

A

Atom-molecule - macromolecule - cell - tissue - organ- organ system - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere

45
Q

Cover body surfaces and line internal cavities

A

Epithelial Tissues (skin)

46
Q

Moves the body and its parts

A

Muscle (Heart/muscles)

47
Q

Detect stimuli and relay information

A

Nervous system (brain / nerves)

48
Q

Hold body parts together and provide structural support

A

Connective tissue (cartilage, blood, everything else)

49
Q

Properties that emerge at each level of organization

A

Emergent properties

50
Q

Scientific method chart

A

Observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, result

51
Q

A test to support or falsify a prediction based off hypothesis

A

Experiment

52
Q

Any factor that can be controlled changed or measured

A

Variable

53
Q

I control the variable/what I change in the experiment

A

Independent variable

54
Q

It will change, but it’s not what I control. Dependent on independent variable

A

Dependent variable

55
Q

Control anything that will influence your results

A

Controlled variables

56
Q

Measurement of number of individual samples measured or observations recorded in experiment or survey

A

Sample size

57
Q

Produce more reliable results reducing risk of deviation

A

Large samples

58
Q

Thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

A

Scientific theory

59
Q

There are how many new species discovered every day

A

50

60
Q

Who proposed evolution occurs by natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

61
Q

Offspring are clones and a rise from one parent and inherit that parents genes only

A

Asexual

62
Q

Offspring arise from two parents and inherit genes from both

A

Sexual

63
Q

Nuclear cell division which chromosomes are replicated creating two identical daughter cells, necessary for growth and repair

A

Mitosis

64
Q

Nuclear division that reduces chromone number by half to create four haploid cells, necessary for gamut production and reproduction of organism

A

Meiosis

65
Q

Compares genomes or amino acid sequence of proteins of different organisms (hemoglobin)

A

Genetic

66
Q

Compares similarities and differences in physical structures of different organisms

A

Physical

67
Q

Result of divergent evolution (bone structure)

A

Homologous structures

68
Q

Convergent evolution (not closely related, similar looking structure, different environments- ie., wings)

A

Analogous structures

69
Q

Is digestion positive or negative feedback

A

Positive

70
Q

Is blood sugar regulation positive or negative feedback

A

Negative feedback

71
Q

Are nerve impulses positive or negative feedback?

A

Positive feedback

72
Q

Is an apple orchard positive or negative feedback

A

Positive feedback

73
Q

What are the three domains of life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Enkarya

74
Q

What are the nine properties of life?

A

Order, sensitivity/response, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, energy processing, evolution.
“Orangutans Say Read And Get Real Heavenly Euphoric Eclairs.”

75
Q

A hierarchy scale from small to large in atoms

A

Nucleus, neutrons, molecules

76
Q

Are viruses considered living?

A

No, because they are not made up of cells

77
Q

Cells combined to make this

A

Tissues

78
Q

Describe the octet rule

A

8 electrons/outer shell

79
Q

Electrons in outermost shell of an atom

A

Valance electrons

80
Q

Unevenly charged particle

A

Ion

81
Q

More protons than electrons/positive charge

A

Cation

82
Q

Fewer protons than electrons/negative charge

A

Anion

83
Q

Forms of an element that have equal number of protons and electrons but different in number of neutrons

A

Isotype

(Bio 156) Exam 1- Study Guide (4 decks)

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