Exam 1 study Flashcards
what is done without disease and goal is to prevent disease from occuring
primary prevention
what is it called if early treatment cannot make a difference, but this can make it seem as though screening has a benefit because patients live longer after diagnosis
lead time bias
what is a screening test that can rule out disease if the test is negative
Sensitivity
what describes how well a study applies to patient who are NOT in the study
generalizability (external validity)
what is the likelihood that a person with a positive test has the disease
positive productive value
what type of vaccine is recommended for almost all newborns
Hepatitis B vaccine
what is the type of vaccine that has a killed version of the organism and is safe for patients with a weakened immune system
inactivated vaccine
what type of vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy
live attenuated vaccine
what type of vaccine is recommended for all adults over 50 years old
zoster vaccine
what is the vaccine against tetanus
toxoid vaccine
what is the first apparent sign of puberty in girls
breast development
when does a girls first menstrual period occur
about 6 months after the female growth spurt
the pubic hair is adult type but covers less area than in adults and has not yet spread to the medial surface of thighs, what tanner stage is this considered
Tanner Stage 4
what tanner stage is the development of breast budding begin
tanner stage 2 breast development
no puberty development by this age in boys is considered delayed puberty
14 yo
what is done at every visit until 2 years of age
head circumference
The corneal light reflex is used to help detect this in kids
Strabismus
palpation of the femoral pulses during the pre-participation physical exam is done to asses what?
coarctation of the aorta
what is the leading cause of death during teenage years
unintentional injury
what is the screening tool used for adolescent depression
PHQ2
when is HPV vaccine recommended
recommended in early adolescence in both males and females to prevent cancer in the cervix as well as head and neck cancer
what part of the brain does not fully develop until the early 20s
prefrontal cortex
what type of thinking is present at the beginning of adolescence
concrete operational
what type of screening grades do the USPSTF recommend against
Grade D
what should be done if the USPSTF grades it an A or B
Offer or provide service
what is the formal tool used to assess development
developmental screenings
what is the test commonly used to assess for autism
M-CHAT
when should newborns be back to their birth weight
by 2 weeks
what are three components of the PMH that are unique to children under 3 years old and should be routinely documented
prenatal history
birth history
newborn history
at what point does the social smile begin
2 months
when do they start looking briefly at objects
1 month old
when do they begin to help dress and undress themselves
18 months old
when do they begin to brush their teeth
4 years old
when do they begin to look for hidden objects
12 months old
when do they begin to babble
6 months old
when do they begin to say 1 word other than dada or mama
12 months
when are kids able to identify 2 or more body parts
18 months old
when do children begin to vocalize with cooing
2 months
when do they use words that are 75% inteligible to strangers
3 years old
when are they able to lift their head and chest when prone
2 months old
when are they able to stand without support
12 months
when are they able to roll both ways
6 months
when are they able to kick a ball
2 years old
when are they able to pedal a trike, jump forward, child on and off a chair
3 years old
what position are newborns hands
hands in firsts
when are they able to use 2 finger pincer grasp
12 months
when are they able to make a mark with a crayon
15 months
when are they able to turn pages of books all by themselves
2 years
what is the normal pulse range for a newborn
120-160bpm
what is a birthmark associated with capillary-venous malformation in the eye and brain
port wine stain
how many veins and arteries in a normal umbilical cord
two arteries, one vein
what can a tuft of hair on the skin overlying the lumbosacral spine can be associated with
neural tube defect (closed spinal dysraprism)
when is hearing loss screened
first 48 hours of life
what test is used to screen for congenital heart disease
pulse oximetry
how is scoliosis screened for
adams forward bend test
at what age to we begin depression screenings for adolescence
12 years old
what screening is no longer recommended for average risk children
lead screenings
what are the 5 areas assessed with APGAR
heart rate
respiratory
muscle tone
reflex irritability
color/appearance
