Exam 1 - Stroke

Question 1

define stroke

Answer 1

cerebrovascular accident CVA

non traumatic brain injury caused by disruption of blood flow to the brain (when blood flow is interrupted, brain receives no oxygen or nutrients -> brain cell death)

Question 2

stroke incidence

Answer 2

occurs every 40 secs
3rd leading cause of death (heart disease, cancer)
1st leading cause of disability in US

Question 3

2 types of stroke

Answer 3

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 4

ischemic stroke

Answer 4

occlusion

TIA transient ischemic attack (mini stroke for period of time comes and goes)
thrombotic (blood flow is impaired because of a blockage to one or more of the arteries supplying blood to the brain. the process leading to this blockage is known as thrombosis “clot formation”)
embolic (a blood clot forms somewhere in the body & travels through blood to your brain. once in brain, the clot eventually travels to a blood vessel small enough to block its passage. clot lodges there, blocking the blood vessel and causing a stroke “clot lodges there”)

Question 5

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 5

ruptured

HTN (pressure on the vessels)
aneurysms (weak vessels, clot can lodge in common: left atrium)
AV malformation (congenital)

Question 6

5 warning signs of stroke

Answer 6

1. sudden numbness/weakness in face, arm, leg (esp. on one side)
2. sudden confusion, trouble speaking/understanding
3. sudden vision changes in one or both eyes
4. sudden loss of balance, coordination, trouble walking
5. sudden severe headaches (hemorrhagic)

Question 7

agnosia

Answer 7

inability to recognize sensory inputs such as light, sound, and touch

Question 8

apraxia

Answer 8

inability to execute a voluntary motor movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function

Question 9

aphasia

Answer 9

loss of ability to understand or express speech

Question 10

ataxia

Answer 10

loss of full control of bodily movements

Question 11

dysphagia

Answer 11

difficulty of swallowing

Question 12

dysarthria

Answer 12

difficult or unclear articulation of speech

Question 13

emotional lability

Answer 13

regular occurrence of unstable, disproportionate emotional displays

Question 14

hemiparesis

hemiplegia

Answer 14

weakness on one side of the body

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 15

homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 15

visual field loss on the same side of both eyes

Question 16

somatognosia

Answer 16

lack of awareness of the body structure and the relationship of body parts to oneself or to others

Question 17

unilateral neglect

Answer 17

unaware of one side of his body and of anything in the external world on the same side

Question 18

risk factors

modifiable

Answer 18

HTN
CAD
DM
obesity
smoking
AFib
drug abuse
oral contraceptives (smoking+birth control=CVA risk)

Question 19

risk factors

non modifiable

Answer 19

age (65yo and older)
gender (M)
race (black)
family hx

Question 20

BMI
cholesterol
LDL
HDL

Answer 20

18.5-24.9
< 200mg/dL
< 100mg/dL
M > 40, F > 50

Question 21

diagnostic tests for stroke

Answer 21

CT (noncontrast computed tomography scan)