Exam 1: Stereotaxic Atlases Flashcards
Introduction Part 3
____ is performed using an apparatus to hold an animal’s head in a certain geometry.
Stereotaxic surgery
Holding an animal’s head in a certain geometry enables us to create a…
Stereotaxic atlas
An animal’s left/right motion is limited using…
Ear bars
An animal’s up/down motion is restricted using…
A bite plate
A stereotaxic apparatus uses a ____ to insert things and move them around.
Manipulator
A ____ is a hypodermic needle that can be lowered into the briain.
Cannula
True or false:
Lowering a cannula into the brain destroys brain tissue on the way down.
True
An ____ is inserted into the cannula and is designed to protrude exactly 0.2 mm.
Injector
To inject a test substance onto an area of interest, we must stop the cannula…
0.2 mm superior to the area
A ____ tells us precisely where certain regions of the brain are.
Stereotaxic atlas
A stereotaxic atlas can be used to…
Ablate specific regions of the brain
On a chick stereotaxic atlas, the ____ is located at the top left of each page.
Y coordinate
On a stereotaxic atlas, the ____ is given by the up/down axes.
Z coordinate
In birds, the 0,0,0 point on the axis is…
Where the two ear bars would meet if allowed to do so
The 0,0,0 point in birds is referred to as…
Interaural
True or false:
Different species have different reference points.
True
Y values are positive ____ from 0,0,0.
Caudal
Y values are negative ____ from 0,0,0.
Rostral
The mouse stereotaxic atlas has an additional 0,0,0 point where…
The coronal suture meets the sagittal suture.
The 0,0,0 point in mice is called…
Bregma
A human stereotaxic was widely used in medicine during the…
1980s
____ are used in medicine to treat severe pain by burning out the area causing the pain.
Radio frequency electrodes
Radio waves energize neurons, which…
Causes them to vibrate
The size of lesion created by radio frequency electrodes is proportional to…
How long the radio waves are applied
Shorter radio wave pulse cause a lesion in a characteristic ____ shape.
Butterfly
True or false:
It is always possible to precisely burn out an entire region of the brain.
False
