Exam 1: Anatomy of the CNS Flashcards
Introduction Part 2
Describe the anatomical position for humans.
- Standing upright with feet together
- Arms at the sides
- Palms facing upward
Describe the anatomical position for four-legged animals.
- On all fours
- The back is facing up and the belly is facing down
List the four main directional axes.
- Dorsal
- Ventral
- Rostral
- Caudal
“Dorsal” refers to…
The up/back direction
“Dorsal superior” means…
Towards the top of the brain
“Dorsal posterior” means…
Towards the back of the brain stem
“Ventral” refers to…
The down/front direction
“Ventral inferior” means…
Towards the bottom of the brain
“Ventral anterior” means…
Towards the front of the brain stem
“Rostral” means…
“Towards the nose”
In humans, “rostral” also means…
Towards the top of the brain stem
“Caudal” means…
Towards the tail
In humans, “caudal” also means…
Towards the bottom of the brain stem
List the four main section planes.
- Horizontal
- Coronal/Frontal
- Sagittal
- Midsagittal
A horizontal section means diving the brain into…
A top and bottom section
A coronal/frontal section means dividing the brain into…
A front and back section
A sagittal section means dividing the brain into…
A left and right section
A midsagittal section means dividing the brain into…
A left and right section, cut exactly in the center
“Lateral” means…
“Away from the midline”
“Medial” means…
“Towards the midline
The outermost portion of the brain is the…
Cerebrum
The outermost portion of the cerebrum is the…
Cerebral cortex
The ____ connects the cerebrum to the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Diencephalon
The ____ is responsible for vegetative functions.
Brain stem proper
List the three divisions of the brain stem proper.
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblangata
The ____ is the inner portion of the brain, located inside the cerebrum.
Basal ganglia
List the four divisions of the spinal cord.
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
The ____ spinal cord makes up the neck, and is the most flexible.
Cervical
The ____ spinal cord is attached to the ribs and is relatively inflexible.
Thoracic
The ____ spinal cord spans the lower back area.
Lumbar
The bottom tip of the spinal cord is the ____ spinal cord.
Sacral
List the four major lobes of the cerebrum.
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
The ____ is the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes.
Central sulcus
The ____ is the boundary between the frontal and temporal lobes.
Lateral sulcus
The ____ is the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes.
Parietal occipital sulcus
The calcarine sulcus is located in the…
Occipital lobe
The ____ is located beneath the cerebrum.
Cerebellum
The pons and medulla are located…
To the left of the cerebellum
The pons is located ____ the medulla.
Above
____ are open spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Ventricles
True or false:
Cerebrospinal fluid is continuously produced.
True
The ____ are the largest ventricles, located at the top of the brain.
Lateral ventricles
The third ventricle is located…
In the middle of the hypothalamus
The fourth ventricle is located…
In the cavity between the cerebellum and brain stem
The lateral ventricles drain into the…
Third ventricle
The third ventricle drains into the…
Fourth ventricle
The fourth ventricle drains into the…
Spinal canal
