Exam 1 Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System

Question 1

? Turns the eye laterally

Answer 1

lateral rectus

Question 2

? Turns the eye medially

Answer 2

medial rectus

Question 3

? Turns the eye up and laterally

Answer 3

inferior oblique

Question 4

? Turns the eye down and medially

Answer 4

inferior rectus

Question 5

? Turns the eye up and medially

Answer 5

superior rectus

Question 6

? Turns the eye down and laterally

Answer 6

superior oblique

Question 7

? Fluid filling the anterior segment of the eye

Answer 7

aqueous humor

Question 8

? The “white” of the eye

Answer 8

sclera

Question 9

? Part of the retina that lacks photoreceptors

Answer 9

optic disc

Question 10

? Modification of the choroid that contains the ciliary muscle

Answer 10

ciliary body

Question 11

? Drains aqueous humor from the eye

Answer 11

scleral venous sinus

Question 12

? Layer containing the rods and cones

Answer 12

retina

Question 13

? Substance occupying the posterior segment of the eyeball

Answer 13

vitreous humor

Question 14

? Forms the bulk of the heavily pigmented vascular layer

Answer 14

choroid

Question 15

? Composed of smooth muscle structures (2)

Answer 15

iris, ciliary body

Question 16

? Area of critical focusing and detailed color vision

Answer 16

fovea centralis

Question 17

? Form the aqueous humor

Answer 17

ciliary processes of the ciliary body

Question 18

? Light-bending media of the eye (4)

Answer 18

aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor

Question 19

? Anterior continuation of the sclera — your “window on the world”

Answer 19

cornea

Question 20

? Composed of tough, white, opaque, fibrous connective tissue

Answer 20

sclera

Question 21

The 2 major layers of the retina are the pigmented and neural layers. In the neural layer, the neuron populations are arranged as follows from the pigmented layer to the vitreous humor. (?)

Answer 21

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Question 22

The axons of the _____ cells form the optic nerve, which exits from the eyeball.

Answer 22

ganglion

Question 23

The dim light receptors are the _____. Only _____ are found in the fovea centralis, whereas mostly _____ are found in the periphery of the retina. _____ are the photoreceptors that operate best in bright light and allow for color vision.

Answer 23

rods, cones, rods, cones

Question 24

The visual pathway to the occipital lobe of the brain consists most simply of a chain of 5 cells. Beginning with the photoreceptor cell of the retina, name them, and note their location in the pathway.

1. photoreceptor cell - _____
2. _____ cell - retina
3. ganglion cell - _____
4. neuron - _____
5. _____ - visual cortex of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 24

retina; bipolar; retina; lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus; cortical neuron