Exam 1 Short Answer Flashcards

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1
Q

Facilitated diffusion vs simple diffusion

A

— similarities:
- both passive= don’t require any energy
— differences:
- facilitated: require some type of carrier protein(proteins are very specific)
-rate of facilitated diffusion plateaus
- simple: as you increase concentration, the rate of simple diffusion goes up

  • In simple diffusion, the substance passes between the phospholipids; in facilitated diffusion there are a specialized membrane channels.
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2
Q

3 stages of cell to cell communication

A
  • First, reception, whereby the signal molecule binds the receptor.
  • Then, signal transduction, which is where the chemical signal results in a series of enzyme activations.
  • Finally, the response, which is the resulting cellular responses.
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3
Q

what are the enzymes of the phosphorylation cascade?

A
  • protein kinase and protein phosphatase
  • Protein kinase adds phosphate groups from ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) to proteins to phosphorylate them. This process is called phosphorylation.
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4
Q

why is water polar?

A

The unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms and the unsymmetrical shape of the molecule means that a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side)

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5
Q

structure of the plasma membrane

A

hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

  • hydrophobic can pass through and dissolve in the plasma membrane
  • hydrophilic cannot pass through and doesn’t dissolve
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