Exam #1: Section 2: Media Pervasiveness, Media Economics & Influence of Media

Question 1

Where does information about social identity groups other than our own comes from?

Answer 1

Media

Question 2

____ has a significant and meaningful effect on us all?

Answer 2

Media

Question 3

Who is Marshall McLuhan?

Answer 3

Media Theorist?

Question 4

What is Marshall McLuhan Theory?

Answer 4

“Does a fish know it’s wet?

We are all unaware of the influence media has on us

Question 5

What does it increase?

Answer 5

Media literacy

Question 6

What is oligopoly?

Answer 6

State of media ownership in the United State

Question 7

What are the Big 5 Traditional media?

Answer 7

1) Comcast
2) Disney
3) Fox
4) Warner Media
5) CBS

Question 8

What are the big 5 of the tech world?

Answer 8

1) Google
2) Apple
3) Microsoft
4) Amazon
5) Facebook

Question 9

What happened in the 1980s?

Answer 9

Anti-trust laws rewritten
government acting to prevent the establishment of monopolies
Monopolies prevent competition, hurts consumers
The belief that government regulation hindered free market

Question 10

What is the telecommunications of 1996?

Answer 10

Key Piece of legislation

Opened floodgates for mergers, consolidations

Question 11

What is Ben Bagdikian’s research on media companies?

Answer 11

1983: 50 media companies
1987: 29 media companies
1990: 23 media companies
1993: 14 media companies
1997: 10 media companies
2001: 6 media companies

Loss of 44 media companies in 18 years

Question 12

What is the political influence on this?

Answer 12

Massive lobbying presence in Washington DC
Make large campaign donations to politicians
Most of public is unaware

Question 13

Who is Bill Moyers?

Answer 13

Well-respected journalist

Question 14

What did Bill Moyers call media ownership

Answer 14

“concertation of media ownership the central issue that faces us as a democratic society”

Question 15

What is entertainment media lacking?

Answer 15

Diversity in tv shows and movies

Question 16

What is news media lacking?

Answer 16

Diversity in opinion/ perspective

Question 17

What are the effects of news?

Answer 17

Fewer investigative pieces
Little time is given to international news
–Parachute journalism
Sensationalism & celebrity gossip
Fewer resources for lengthy, investigative pieces

Parachute journalism is the practice of placing journalists into an area to report on a story in which the reporter has little knowledge or experience

Question 18

Who is Farrow?

Answer 18

Farrow conducted a 10-month investigation
October 10: New Yorker article comes out: alledging rape
Game-changer in #MeToo movement that had started with Tarana Burke

Question 19

What is Synergy?

Answer 19

promote a single media product across various outlets

Question 20

Who does best at synergy? echo chamber?

Answer 20

Disney / Starwars
The Fore Awakens mentioned so much, anchors dress up as star wars characters
Themeparks
ESPN showed lightsaber duels

Question 21

What are Althusser Theories?

Answer 21

Why are people obedient? Why are people willing to follow rules and laws when those rules or laws don’t benefit them?
#1 RSA: Repressive State Apparatus
Enforce behavior directly
#2 ISA: Ideological State Apparatus
Institutions that generate ideologies which we internalize and act in accordance with

Question 22

What is Gramsci theory?

Answer 22

Hegemony: When one idea comes to dominate others
Idea becomes common sense
Always tension between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic forces

Question 23

What is Hall’s Theory?

Answer 23

-Media principle site where work of hegemony takes place
-Media play a major role in producing and reproducing ideologies
-Media do not simply reflect reality; they define reality
-To understand how ideology operates, we must study artifacts of media culture
-Media artifact = any media “text” (movie, TV show, news article, commercial, Instagram -post, etc.)
-Must ask:
What is it telling us to value? What judgments is it making?
What is it communicating about what is important?

Question 24

What is Kellner’s theory?

Answer 24

Radio, television, film, and the other products of media culture provide materials out of which we forge our very identities; our sense of selfhood; our notion of what it means to be male or female; our sense of class, of ethnicity and race, of nationality, of sexuality; and of “us” and “them.” Media images help shape our view of the world and our deepest values: what we consider good or bad, positive or negative, moral or evil. Media stories provide the symbols, myths, and resources through which we constitute a common culture and through the appropriation of which we insert ourselves into this culture…

Question 25

What is the Fiction vs. Reality: suspension of disbelief theory?

Answer 25

That we are affected by media content, even we know the difference between fantasy and reality.
Fictional stories DO influence us, we leave our critical judgment behind
More media influence occurs

Question 26

Reading: “My Big Beef with Media” Who is Ted Turner?

Answer 26

Founder of TBS & CNN

Question 27

Reading: “My Big Beef with Media” What is Ted Turner’s Beef with Big Media?

Answer 27

Have too much control of the public’s information, a limited amount of resources providing entertainment and news
Competition is lost, small businesses lose